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Dong Y, Huang L, Liu L. Comparative analysis of testicular fusion in Spodoptera litura (cutworm) and Bombyx mori (silkworm): Histological and transcriptomic insights. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024:114562. [PMID: 38848820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura commonly known as the cutworm, is among the most destructive lepidopteran pests affecting over 120 plants species. The powerful destructive nature of this lepidopteran is attributable to its high reproductive capacity. The testicular fusion that occurs during metamorphosis from larvae to pupa in S.litura positively influences the reproductive success of the offspring. In contrast, Bombyx mori, the silkworm, retains separate testes throughout its life and does not undergo this fusion process. Microscopic examination reveals that during testicular fusion in S.litura, the peritoneal sheath becomes thinner and more translucent, whereas in B.mori, the analogous region thickens. The outer basement membrane in S.litura exhibits fractures, discontinuity, and uneven thickness accompanied by a significant presence of cellular secretions, large cell size, increased vesicles, liquid droplets, and a proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In contrast, the testicular peritoneal sheath of B.mori at comparable developmental stage exhibits minimal change. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the testicular peritoneal sheath reveals a substantial difference in gene expression between the two species. The disparity in differential expressed genes (DEGs) is linked to an enrichment of numerous transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways involving Ca2+ and GTPase, as well as intracellular protein transport and signaling pathways. Meanwhile, structural proteins including actin, chitin-binding proteins, membrane protein fractions, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix proteins are predominantly identified. Moreover, the study highlights the enrichment of endopeptidases, serine proteases, proteolytic enzymes and matrix metalloproteins, which may play a role in the degradation of the outer membrane. Five transcription factors-Slforkhead, Slproline, Slcyclic, Slsilk, and SlD-ETS were identified, and their expression pattern were confirmed by qRT-PCR. they are candidates for participating in the regulation of testicular fusion. Our findings underscore significant morphological and trancriptomic variation in the testicular peritoneal sheath of S.litura compared to the silkworm, with substantial changes at the transcriptomic level coinciding with testicular fusion. The research provides valuable clues for understanding the complex mechanisms underlying this unique phenomenon in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Teng F, Guo F, Feng J, Lu Y, Qi Y. Distribution analysis of TRH in Bactrocera dorsalis using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated reporter knock-in strain. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:283-292. [PMID: 38411032 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Although the study of many genes and their protein products is limited by the availability of high-quality antibodies, this problem could be solved by fusing a tag/reporter to an endogenous gene using a gene-editing approach. The type II bacterial CRISPR/Cas system has been demonstrated to be an efficient gene-targeting technology for many insects, including the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis. However, knocking in, an important editing method of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has lagged in its application in insects. Here, we describe a highly efficient homology-directed genome editing system for B. dorsalis that incorporates coinjection of embryos with Cas9 protein, guide RNA and a short single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide donor. This one-step procedure generates flies carrying V5 tag (42 bp) in the BdorTRH gene. In insects, as in other invertebrates and in vertebrates, the neuronal tryptophan hydroxylase (TRH) gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis in the central nervous system. Using V5 monoclonal antibody, the distribution of TRH in B. dorsalis at different developmental stages was uncovered. Our results will facilitate the generation of insects carrying precise DNA inserts in endogenous genes and will lay foundation for the investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying the serotonin-mediated behaviour of B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Teng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyi Guo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jimei Feng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Qi
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Lee S, Ahn SJ. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of scarlet gene produces eye color mutants in the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22100. [PMID: 38500478 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has greatly progressed research on non-model organisms, demonstrating successful applications in genome editing for various insects. However, its utilization in the case of the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a notable pest affecting soybean crops, has not been explored due to constraints such as limited genomic information and the embryonic microinjection technique. This study presents successful outcomes in generating heritable knockout mutants for a pigment transporter gene, scarlet, in C. includens through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. The scarlet locus identified in the genome assembly of C. includens consists of 14 exons, with a coding sequence extending for 1,986 bp. Two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target the first exon of scarlet. Microinjection of these two sgRNAs along with the Cas9 protein into fresh embryos resulted in the successful production of variable phenotypes, particularly mutant eyes. The observed mutation rate accounted for about 16%. Genotype analysis revealed diverse indel mutations at the target site, presumably originating from double-strand breaks followed by the nonhomologous end joining repair, leading to a premature stop codon due to frame shift. Single-pair mating of the mutant moths produced G1 offspring, and the establishment of a homozygous mutant strain occurred in G2. The mutant moths exhibited lightly greenish or yellowish compound eyes in both sexes, confirming the involvement of scarlet in pigmentation in C. includens. Notably, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technique serves as a visible phenotypic marker, demonstrating its proof-of-concept applicability in C. includens, as other pigment transporter genes have been utilized as visible markers to establish genetic control for various insects. These results provide the first successful case that the CRISPR/Cas9 method effectively induces mutations in C. includes, an economically important soybean insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Jiang X, Zhong F, Chen Y, Shi D, Chao L, Yu L, He B, Xu C, Wu Y, Tang B, Duan H, Wang S. Novel compounds ZK-PI-5 and ZK-PI-9 regulate the reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with insecticide potential. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1850-1861. [PMID: 37478561 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Trehalase inhibitors prevent trehalase from breaking down trehalose to provide energy. Chitinase inhibitors inhibit chitinase activity affecting insect growth and development. This is an important tool for the investigation of regulation of trehalose metabolism and chitin metabolism in insect reproduction. There are few studies on trehalase or chitinase inhibitors' regulation of insect reproduction. In this study, ZK-PI-5 and ZK-PI-9 were shown to have a significant inhibitory effect on the trehalase, and ZK-PI-9 significantly inhibited chitinase activity in female pupae. We investigated the reproduction regulation of Spodoptera frugiperda using these new inhibitors and evaluated their potential as new insecticides. Compounds ZK-PI-5 and ZK-PI-9 were injected into the female pupae, and the control group was injected with solvent (2% DMSO). The results showed that the emergence failure rate for pupae treated with inhibitors increased dramatically and aberrant phenotypes such as difficulty in wings spreading occurred. The oviposition period and longevity of female adults in the treated group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the ovaries developed more slowly and shrank earlier. The egg hatching rate was significantly reduced by treatment with the inhibitor. These results showed that the two new compounds had a significant impact on the physiological indicators related to reproduction of S. frugiperda, and have pest control potential. This study investigated the effect of trehalase and chitin inhibitors on insect reproduction and should promote the development of green and efficient insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Liuhe Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Biner He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Caidi Xu
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, HangzhouNormal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R.China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management of Invasive Alien Species in Guizhou Education Department ,Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, P.R.China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Shigui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
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Wang L, Li Z, Yi T, Li G, Smagghe G, Jin D. Ecdysteroid Biosynthesis Halloween Gene Spook Plays an Important Role in the Oviposition Process of Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14797. [PMID: 37834248 PMCID: PMC10573261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, the ecdysteroid hormone regulates development and reproduction. However, its function in the reproduction process of spider mites is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Halloween gene Spook on the oviposition of the reproduction process in a spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The expression patterns of the ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes, as analyzed by RT-qPCR, showed that the expression pattern of the Halloween genes was similar to the oviposition pattern of the female mite and the expression patterns of the vitellogenesis-related genes TuVg and TuVgR, suggesting that the Halloween genes are involved in the oviposition of spider mites. To investigate the function of the ecdysteroid hormone on the oviposition of the reproduction process, we carried out an RNAi assay against the Halloween gene Spook by injection in female mites. Effective silencing of TuSpo led to a significant reduction of oviposition. In summary, these results provide an initial study on the effect of Halloween genes on the reproduction in T. urticae and may be a foundation for a new strategy to control spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Daochao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Seth RK, Yadav P, Reynolds SE. Dichotomous sperm in Lepidopteran insects: a biorational target for pest management. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1198252. [PMID: 38469506 PMCID: PMC10926456 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1198252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Lepidoptera are unusual in possessing two distinct kinds of sperm, regular nucleated (eupyrene) sperm and anucleate (apyrene) sperm ('parasperm'). Sperm of both types are transferred to the female and are required for male fertility. Apyrene sperm play 'helper' roles, assisting eupyrene sperm to gain access to unfertilized eggs and influencing the reproductive behavior of mated female moths. Sperm development and behavior are promising targets for environmentally safer, target-specific biorational control strategies in lepidopteran pest insects. Sperm dimorphism provides a wide window in which to manipulate sperm functionality and dynamics, thereby impairing the reproductive fitness of pest species. Opportunities to interfere with spermatozoa are available not only while sperm are still in the male (before copulation), but also in the female (after copulation, when sperm are still in the male-provided spermatophore, or during storage in the female's spermatheca). Biomolecular technologies like RNAi, miRNAs and CRISPR-Cas9 are promising strategies to achieve lepidopteran pest control by targeting genes directly or indirectly involved in dichotomous sperm production, function, or persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Seth
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Stuart E. Reynolds
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Yu Y, Li T, Guo M, Xiong R, Yan D, Chen P. Possible Regulation of Larval Juvenile Hormone Titers in Bombyx mori by BmFAMeT6. INSECTS 2023; 14:644. [PMID: 37504649 PMCID: PMC10380277 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a vital role in the growth, development, and reproduction of insects and other arthropods. Previous experiments have suggested that BmFAMeT6 could affect the duration of the silk moth's larval stage. In this study, we established the BmFAMeT6 overexpression strain and BmFAMeT6 knockout strain using the GAL4/UAS binary hybrid system and CRISPR/Cas 9 system, respectively, and found that the larval stage of the overexpression strain was shorter, while the knockout strain was longer. Our results exhibited that both the JH titers and BmKr-h1 levels in the larvae of the third instar were reduced significantly by BmFAMeT6 overexpression, but were increased obviously by BmFAMeT6 knockout. In addition, injection of farnesoic acid induced changes in the JH I and JH II levels in the hemolymphs of larvae. This study is the first to directly reveal the role of BmFAMeT6 in the regulation of insect JH titers and the relationship between farnesoic acid and JH (JH I and JH II). This provides a new perspective on regulating the growth and development of insects such as Bombyx mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646099, China
| | - Meiwei Guo
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rong Xiong
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongshen Yan
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Zhang YC, Gao Y, Ye WN, Peng YX, Zhu KY, Gao CF. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NlCYP6CS1 gene reveals its role in detoxification of insecticides in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2239-2246. [PMID: 36775840 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the major rice insect pests in Asia. Recently, high levels of insecticide resistance have been frequently reported and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)-mediated metabolic detoxification is a common resistance mechanism in N. lugens. However, there has been no persuasive genetic method to prove the role of P450s in insecticide resistance in N. lugens. RESULTS Here, CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to disrupt the P450 gene NlCYP6CS1 to elucidate its role in insecticide resistance in field populations of N. lugens. We successfully constructed a homozygous strain (Nl6CS1-KO) with a 5-bp deletion and 1-bp insertion mutation of NlCYP6CS1. Compared with a background resistant strain (Nl-R), the susceptibility of knockout strain Nl6CS1-KO to imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, and pymetrozine was increased by 2.3-, 3.4-, 7.0-, 4.2- and 3.9-fold, respectively, but not significantly changed to triflumezopyrim, chlorpyrifos and buprofezin. Life table analysis demonstrated that the Nl6CS1-KO strain resembled the Nl-R strain in terms of egg and nymph developmental duration and adult lifespan, but differed from the Nl-R strain in the survival rate of eggs and nymphs, reproduction, and body weight. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the effect of functional deletion of NlCYP6CS1 on multiple insecticide resistance in N. lugens. For the first time, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 system to reveal the mechanism of insecticide resistance in N. lugens, which may shed light on similar studies in other hemipteran insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Nan Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide-Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
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Liu D, Smagghe G, Liu TX. Interactions between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Insects and Prospects with Glycans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050575. [PMID: 37233286 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns regarding the ecological and health risks posed by synthetic insecticides have instigated the exploration of alternative methods for controlling insects, such as entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as biocontrol agents. Therefore, this review discusses their use as a potential alternative to chemical insecticides and especially focuses on the two major ones, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as examples. First, this review exemplifies how B. bassiana- and M. anisopliae-based biopesticides are used in the world. Then, we discuss the mechanism of action by which EPF interacts with insects, focusing on the penetration of the cuticle and the subsequent death of the host. The interactions between EPF and the insect microbiome, as well as the enhancement of the insect immune response, are also summarized. Finally, this review presents recent research that N-glycans may play a role in eliciting an immune response in insects, resulting in the increased expression of immune-related genes and smaller peritrophic matrix pores, reducing insect midgut permeability. Overall, this paper provides an overview of the EPF in insect control and highlights the latest developments relating to the interaction between fungi and insect immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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10
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Shirai Y, Ono H, Daimon T. Redundant actions of neuropeptides encoded by the dh-pban gene for larval color pattern formation in the oriental armyworm Mythimnaseparata. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 157:103955. [PMID: 37146697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The pyrokinin (PK)/pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family, which is defined by a conserved C-terminal pentapeptide (FXPRLamide), is involved in many physiological processes in insects. In the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata, the larvae exhibit a variety of color patterns in response to changes in population density, which are caused by melanization and a reddish coloration hormone (MRCH), which is a member of the FXPRLamide neuropeptides. Interestingly, in some lepidopteran insects, MRCH is known as a PBAN, which activates the pheromone gland to produce sex pheromones. PBAN is encoded by a single gene, dh-pban, which encodes additional FXPRLamide neuropeptides, such as the diapause hormone (DH) and subesophageal ganglion neuropeptides (SGNPs). To determine the roles of the dh-pban gene, which produces multiple types of FXPRLamide neuropeptides after post-transcriptional cleavage of the precursor protein, we performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in M. separata. We demonstrated that knockout armyworm larvae lost density-dependent cuticular melanization and retained yellow body color, even when reared under crowded conditions. Moreover, our rescue experiments using the synthetic peptides showed that not only PBAN but also β- and γ-SGNPs significantly induce the cuticular melanization in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, our results provide genetic evidence that neuropeptides encoded by the single dh-pban gene act redundantly to control density-dependent color pattern formation in M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shirai
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hajime Ono
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaaki Daimon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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McLellan CF, Montgomery SH. Towards an integrative approach to understanding collective behaviour in caterpillars. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220072. [PMID: 36802788 PMCID: PMC9939266 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To evolve, and remain adaptive, collective behaviours must have a positive impact on overall individual fitness. However, these adaptive benefits may not be immediately apparent owing to an array of interactions with other ecological traits, which can depend on a lineage's evolutionary past and the mechanisms controlling group behaviour. A coherent understanding of how these behaviours evolve, are exhibited, and are coordinated across individuals, therefore requires an integrative approach spanning traditional disciplines in behavioural biology. Here, we argue that lepidopteran larvae are well placed to serve as study systems for investigating the integrative biology of collective behaviour. Lepidopteran larvae display a striking diversity in social behaviour, which illustrates critical interactions between ecological, morphological and behavioural traits. While previous, often classic, work has provided an understanding of how and why collective behaviours evolve in Lepidoptera, much less is known about the developmental and mechanistic basis of these traits. Recent advances in the quantification of behaviour, and the availability of genomic resources and manipulative tools, allied with the exploitation of the behavioural diversity of tractable lepidopteran clades, will change this. In doing so, we will be able to address previously intractable questions that can reveal the interplay between levels of biological variation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Collective behaviour through time'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum F. McLellan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Zhong F, Yu L, Jiang X, Chen Y, Wang S, Chao L, Jiang Z, He B, Xu C, Wang S, Tang B, Duan H, Wu Y. Potential inhibitory effects of compounds ZK-PI-5 and ZK-PI-9 on trehalose and chitin metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1178996. [PMID: 37064912 PMCID: PMC10090375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1178996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Spodoptera frugiperda is an omnivorous agricultural pest which is great dangerous for grain output.Methods: In order to investigate the effects of potential trehalase inhibitors, ZK-PI-5 and ZK-PI-9, on the growth and development of S. frugiperda, and to identify new avenues for S. frugiperda control, we measured the content of the trehalose, glucose, glycogen and chitin, enzyme activity, and gene expression levels in trehalose and chitin metabolism of S. frugiperda. Besides, their growth and development were also observed.Results: The results showed that ZK-PI-9 significantly reduced trehalase activity and ZK-PI-5 significantly reduced membraned-bound trehalase activity. Moreover, ZK-PI-5 inhibited the expression of SfTRE2, SfCHS2, and SfCHT, thus affecting the chitin metabolism. In addition, the mortality of S. frugiperda in pupal stage and eclosion stage increased significantly after treatment with ZK-PI-5 and ZK-PI-9, which affected their development stage and caused death phenotype (abnormal pupation and difficulty in breaking pupa).Discussion: These results have provided a theoretical basis for the application of trehalase inhibitors in the control of agricultural pests to promote future global grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuhe Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sitong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyang Jiang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Biner He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caidi Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Tang, ; Hongxia Duan, ; Yan Wu,
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Tang, ; Hongxia Duan, ; Yan Wu,
| | - Yan Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Tang, ; Hongxia Duan, ; Yan Wu,
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13
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Jia C, Mohamed A, Cattaneo AM, Huang X, Keyhani NO, Gu M, Zang L, Zhang W. Odorant-Binding Proteins and Chemosensory Proteins in Spodoptera frugiperda: From Genome-Wide Identification and Developmental Stage-Related Expression Analysis to the Perception of Host Plant Odors, Sex Pheromones, and Insecticides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065595. [PMID: 36982668 PMCID: PMC10056595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a worldwide generalist pest with remarkable adaptations to environments and stresses, including developmental stage-related behavioral and physiological adaptations, such as diverse feeding preferences, mate seeking, and pesticide resistance. Insects’ odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are essential for the chemical recognition during behavioral responses or other physiological processes. The genome-wide identification and the gene expression patterns of all these identified OBPs and CSPs across developmental stage-related S. frugiperda have not been reported. Here, we screened for genome-wide SfruOBPs and SfruCSPs, and analyzed the gene expression patterns of SfruOBPs and SfruCSPs repertoires across all developmental stages and sexes. We found 33 OBPs and 22 CSPs in the S. frugiperda genome. The majority of the SfruOBP genes were most highly expressed in the adult male or female stages, while more SfruCSP genes were highly expressed in the larval or egg stages, indicating their function complementation. The gene expression patterns of SfruOBPs and SfruCSPs revealed strong correlations with their respective phylogenic trees, indicating a correlation between function and evolution. In addition, we analyzed the chemical-competitive binding of a widely expressed protein, SfruOBP31, to host plant odorants, sex pheromones, and insecticides. Further ligands binding assay revealed a broad functional related binding spectrum of SfruOBP31 to host plant odorants, sex pheromones, and insecticides, suggesting its potential function in food, mate seeking, and pesticide resistance. These results provide guidance for future research on the development of behavioral regulators of S. frugiperda or other environmentally friendly pest-control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Alberto Maria Cattaneo
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, Lomma—Campus Alnarp, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Nemat O. Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maiqun Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liansheng Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Shirk BD, Shirk PD, Furlong RB, Scully ED, Wu K, Siegfried BD. Gene editing of the ABC Transporter/White locus using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the Indian Meal Moth. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 145:104471. [PMID: 36539178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins are involved in transport of substrates across membranes including eye pigments. Mutations of ABC transporter white, brown and scarlet genes of Drosophila and other insects result in visible eye color phenotypes. White locus was identified in a genome assembly of Plodia interpunctella and was found to extend for 16,670 bp comprising 13 exons. We report here recovery of heritable mutants in white in the Indian meal moth, P. interpunctella, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. A white eye strain of P. interpunctella c.737delC (Piw-/-) was previously isolated in 1986. Guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed for exon 1 (sgRNA242). Microinjection of Cas9/sgRNA242 complex into Plodia wild type eggs (≤20 min post oviposition) produced 156 viable larvae of which 81 eclosed as adults. Forty-five (56 %) adults displayed wild type phenotype, while 26 females (32 %) and 10 males (12 %) showed full or partial white eye phenotype. The 26 white eye females were mated with Piw-/- males and 21 matings resulted in F1 white eye progeny. Thirteen of the Piw-242 lines were established and sequencing showed indels at the CRISPR/Cas9 242AM site. Based on RT-PCR analysis, most white mutations resulted in suppressed levels of transcript. These results demonstrate the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in Plodia which suggests this technology can be used to characterize the role of various genetic elements including those that encode novel targets or confer insecticide resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce D Shirk
- Entomology & Nematology Department, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paul D Shirk
- Entomology & Nematology Department, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; USDA-ARS CMAVE IBBRU, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Richard B Furlong
- USDA-ARS CMAVE IBBRU, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Erin D Scully
- USDA-ARS, CGAHR-SPIERU, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Ke Wu
- Entomology & Nematology Department, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Blair D Siegfried
- Entomology & Nematology Department, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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15
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Sun H, Bu LA, Su SC, Guo D, Gao CF, Wu SF. Knockout of the odorant receptor co-receptor, orco, impairs feeding, mating and egg-laying behavior in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 152:103889. [PMID: 36493964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory transduction system of insects is involved in multiple behavioral processes such as foraging, mating, and egg-laying behavior. In the insect olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) is an obligatory component that is required for dimerization with odorant receptors (ORs) to form a ligand-gated ion channel complex. The ORs/Orco heteromeric complex plays a crucial role in insect olfaction. To explore the function of OR-mediated olfaction in the physiological behavior of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to mutate its Orco gene and constructed a homozygous mutant strain of Orco (Orco-/-) by genetic crosses. Electroantennogram (EAG) analysis showed that the responses of Orco-/- male moths to two universal sex pheromones, Z9-14: Ac and Z7-12: Ac, were abolished. We found that Orco-/- males cannot successfully mate with female moths. An oviposition preference assay confirmed that Orco-/- female moths had a reduced preference for the optimal host plant maize. A larval feeding assay revealed that the time for Orco-/- larvae to locate the food source was significantly longer than in the wild-type. Overall, in the absence of Orco, the OR-dependent olfactory behavior was impaired in both larval and adult stages. Our results confirm that Orco is essential for multiple behavioral processes related to olfaction in the fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Ao Bu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao-Cong Su
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Saour G, Hashem A, Jassem I. Mating Competitiveness of Irradiated Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Male-Only and Both Sex Release Strategies under Laboratory Cage Conditions. INSECTS 2022; 14:18. [PMID: 36661945 PMCID: PMC9861676 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This laboratory study explored the concept of whether irradiated male-only releases are more or equally efficient as releases of both irradiated males and females in the context of using the sterile insect technique/inherited sterility (SIT/IS) for the management of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana. The current study examined the mating competitiveness of 150-Gy-treated L. botrana male and female moths or 150-Gy-treated male moths only, with untreated moths in laboratory cages. Our results showed that the release of both sexes significantly increased the competitiveness value (C) and the biological efficiency index (BE) as compared with male-only release, and this was independent of the male to untreated male ratio. Moreover, a single release of 150-Gy-treated and untreated males and females at a 1:1:10:10 ratio (untreated male:untreated female: treated male:treated female) significantly reduced egg hatch, and the number of first-generation offspring (F1) was small. The emergence of F2-moths per untreated F1 male and female moth was low, but these undesired fertile moths should be eliminated in order to achieve effective control. The results presented herein provide useful information on the impact of 150-Gy-treated male-only, versus releases of both treated males and females on untreated moths, which is essential to managing L. botrana populations with SIT/IS.
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17
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Chen X, Palli SR. Identification of species-specific juvenile hormone response elements in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 151:103860. [PMID: 36374778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormones (JH) regulate insect development and reproduction. The JH analogs (JHA) are used as insecticides. However, JHAs are rarely used in managing pests such as the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda that cause damage during larval stages. The insecticides that antagonize JH action and induce stoppage of feeding and precocious metamorphosis might work better to control these pests. Treating insects with JHA insecticides induces the expression of an early JH response gene, Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) by working through JH response elements (JHRE) present in its promoter. In this study, we identified JHREs present in the promoter of Kr-h1 gene of a global pest, S. frugiperda, and used them to develop a JHRE-reporter cell platform to screen for JH analogs. JHA, methoprene induced the expression of SfKr-h1 both in vitro and in vivo. JHRE present in the promoters of two SfKr-h1 isoforms, SfKr-h1α and SfKr-h1β were identified. In Sf9 cells, the knockout of isoform-specific JHRE affected JH response in an isoform-specific manner. We also found that S. frugiperda JHRE (SfJHRE) did not function in the mosquito Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells and Tribolium castaneum TcA cells. Similarly, Ae. aegypti AaJHRE and T. castaneum TcJHRE were only functional in cells derived from these insects. The nucleotide sequence at the 3'end to the conserved core JHRE E-box sequence seems to be responsible for the species specificity observed. Two stable cell lines expressing the luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein genes under the control of SfJHRE were established. These cell lines responded well to JHA; these two JHRE-reporter cell lines could be used in screening assays to identify insecticides to manage S. frugiperda and other major pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xien Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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18
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Zuo Y, Wang Z, Ren X, Pei Y, Aioub AAA, Hu Z. A Genetic Compensation Phenomenon and Global Gene Expression Changes in Sex-miR-2766-3p Knockout Strain of Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:1075. [PMID: 36421978 PMCID: PMC9695525 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) drive the post-transcriptional repression of target mRNAs and play important roles in a variety of biological processes. miR-2766-3p is conserved and abundant in Lepidopteran species and may be involved in a variety of biological activities. In this study, Sex-miR-2766-3p was predicted to potentially bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) in Spodoptera exigua, and Sex-miR-2766-3p was confirmed to regulate the expression of SeCncC through screening with a luciferase reporter system. Although CRISPR/Cas9 has been extensively utilized to examine insect gene function, studies of miRNA function are still relatively uncommon. Thus, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out Sex-miR-2766-3p from S. exigua. However, the expression of SeCncC was not significantly altered in the knockout strain (2766-KO) compared with that of the WHS strain. This result suggested that a miRNA knockout might lack phenotypes because of genetic robustness. Additionally, we used transcriptome analysis to examine how the global gene expression patterns of the Sex-miR-2766-3p knockout strain varied. RNA-seq data revealed 1746 upregulated and 2183 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 2766-KO strain, which might be the result of Sex-miR-2766-3p loss or DNA lesions as the trigger for transcriptional adaptation. GO function classification and KEGG pathway analyses showed that these DEGs were enriched for terms related to binding, catalytic activity, metabolic process, and signal transduction. Our findings demonstrated that S. exigua could compensate for the missing Sex-miR-2766-3p by maintaining the expression of SeCncC by other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zuo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuan Ren
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ahmed A. A. Aioub
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biologyfor Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Wu MM, Chen X, Xu QX, Zang LS, Wang S, Li M, Xiao D. Melanin Synthesis Pathway Interruption: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout of dopa decarboxylase (DDC) in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:6694719. [PMID: 36082675 PMCID: PMC9459435 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a very powerful genome editing tool and has been used in many insect species for functional genomics studies through targeted gene mutagenesis. Here, we successfully established CRISPR/Cas9 research platform in Asian multi-colored ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis, an important natural enemy in biological control. In this study, one pivotal gene dopa decarboxylase (DDC) in melanin synthesis was targeted by CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mutants in H. axyridis by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Our results showed that injection of single guide RNA of the DDC and Cas9 protein into preblastoderm eggs induced one insertion and four deletion (indels) mutant H. axyridis. Mutations of HaDDC gene generated 25% mutant rate with melanin missing phenotype in larva, pupa,l and adult stage. The predation ability of the fourth instar larvae has no significant difference between wild (control) and mutant H. axyridis (G0), while these mutant fourth instar larvae had longer developmental period than that of the wild type. Consequently, the total predation of the fourth instar larvae was significantly increased in H. axyridis mutants comparing with the wild type. These results indicated that the success of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in H. axyridis. The gene editing platform in H. axyridis would facilitate the gene function research and promote special strain of predatory ladybird beetle generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qing-xuan Xu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lian-sheng Zang
- Jilin Engineering Research Center of Resource Insects Industrialization, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ming Li
- Corresponding author, e-mail: (M.L.), (D.X.)
| | - Da Xiao
- Corresponding author, e-mail: (M.L.), (D.X.)
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20
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Koutroumpa F, Monsempès C, Anton S, François MC, Montagné N, Jacquin-Joly E. Pheromone Receptor Knock-Out Affects Pheromone Detection and Brain Structure in a Moth. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030341. [PMID: 35327533 PMCID: PMC8945201 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex pheromone receptors are crucial in insects for mate finding and contribute to species premating isolation. Many pheromone receptors have been functionally characterized, especially in moths, but loss of function studies are rare. Notably, the potential role of pheromone receptors in the development of the macroglomeruli in the antennal lobe (the brain structures processing pheromone signals) is not known. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock-out the receptor for the major component of the sex pheromone of the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis, and investigated the resulting effects on electrophysiological responses of peripheral pheromone-sensitive neurons and on the structure of the macroglomeruli. We show that the inactivation of the receptor specifically affected the responses of the corresponding antennal neurons did not impact the number of macroglomeruli in the antennal lobe but reduced the size of the macroglomerulus processing input from neurons tuned to the main pheromone component. We suggest that this mutant neuroanatomical phenotype results from a lack of neuronal activity due to the absence of the pheromone receptor and potentially reduced neural connectivity between peripheral and antennal lobe neurons. This is the first evidence of the role of a moth pheromone receptor in macroglomerulus development and extends our knowledge of the different functions odorant receptors can have in insect neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Koutroumpa
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (F.K.); (C.M.); (M.-C.F.); (N.M.)
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Monsempès
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (F.K.); (C.M.); (M.-C.F.); (N.M.)
| | - Sylvia Anton
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, 49045 Angers, France;
| | - Marie-Christine François
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (F.K.); (C.M.); (M.-C.F.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (F.K.); (C.M.); (M.-C.F.); (N.M.)
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; (F.K.); (C.M.); (M.-C.F.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Baci GM, Cucu AA, Giurgiu AI, Muscă AS, Bagameri L, Moise AR, Bobiș O, Rațiu AC, Dezmirean DS. Advances in Editing Silkworms ( Bombyx mori) Genome by Using the CRISPR-Cas System. INSECTS 2021; 13:28. [PMID: 35055871 PMCID: PMC8777690 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) represents a powerful genome editing technology that revolutionized in a short period of time numerous natural sciences branches. Therefore, extraordinary progress was made in various fields, such as entomology or biotechnology. Bombyx mori is one of the most important insects, not only for the sericulture industry, but for numerous scientific areas. The silkworms play a key role as a model organism, but also as a bioreactor for the recombinant protein production. Nowadays, the CRISPR-Cas genome editing system is frequently used in order to perform gene analyses, to increase the resistance against certain pathogens or as an imaging tool in B. mori. Here, we provide an overview of various studies that made use of CRISPR-Cas for B. mori genome editing, with a focus on emphasizing the high applicability of this system in entomology and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela-Maria Baci
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Alexandra-Antonia Cucu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Alexandru-Ioan Giurgiu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Adriana-Sebastiana Muscă
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Lilla Bagameri
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Adela Ramona Moise
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Otilia Bobiș
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | | | - Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
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