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Schuster C, Baró Robaina Y, Ben Gharsa H, Bobushova S, Manfrino RG, Gutierrez AC, Lopez Lastra CC, Doolotkeldieva T, Leclerque A. Species Discrimination within the Metarhizium PARB Clade: Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer (rIGS)-Based Diagnostic PCR and Single Marker Taxonomy. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:996. [PMID: 37888252 PMCID: PMC10607842 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato forms a species complex, comprising a tight cluster made up of four species, namely M. anisopliae sensu stricto, M. pinghaense, M. robertsii and M. brunneum. Unambiguous species delineation within this "PARB clade" that enables both the taxonomic assignment of new isolates and the identification of potentially new species is highly solicited. (2) Methods: Species-discriminating primer pairs targeting the ribosomal intergenic spacer (rIGS) sequence were designed and a diagnostic PCR protocol established. A partial rIGS sequence, referred to as rIGS-ID800, was introduced as a molecular taxonomic marker for PARB species delineation. (3) Results: PARB species from a validation strain set not implied in primer design were clearly discriminated using the diagnostic PCR protocol developed. Using rIGS-ID800 as a single sequence taxonomic marker gave rise to a higher resolution and statistically better supported delineation of PARB clade species. (4) Conclusions: Reliable species discrimination within the Metarhizium PARB clade is possible through both sequencing-independent diagnostic PCR and sequencing-dependent single marker comparison, both based on the rIGS marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schuster
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
| | - Yamilé Baró Robaina
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
- Plant Health Research Institute (INISAV), 110 Str. 514, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Haifa Ben Gharsa
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
| | - Saikal Bobushova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 56 Chyngyz Aitmatov Avenue, Bishkek 720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Romina Guadalupe Manfrino
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
- Centro de Estudios Parasitólogicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UNLP-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Alejandra C. Gutierrez
- Centro de Estudios Parasitólogicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UNLP-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Claudia C. Lopez Lastra
- Centro de Estudios Parasitólogicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UNLP-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Tinatin Doolotkeldieva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 56 Chyngyz Aitmatov Avenue, Bishkek 720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andreas Leclerque
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
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2
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Barzanti GP, Enkerli J, Benvenuti C, Strangi A, Mazza G, Torrini G, Simoncini S, Paoli F, Marianelli L. Genetic variability of Metarhizium isolates from the Ticino Valley Natural Park (Northern Italy) as a possible microbiological resource for the management of Popillia japonica. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 197:107891. [PMID: 36716929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) was investigated along the Ticino River (Ticino River Natural Park, Novara Province, Piedmont, Italy), at the center of the area of the first settlement of the invasive alien pest Popillia japonica. Using Zimmermann's "Galleria bait method", EPF were successfully isolated from 83 out of 155 soil samples from different habitats (perennial, cultivated, or uncultivated meadows, woodlands, and riverbanks). Sequencing of the 5' end of the Translation Elongation Factor 1 alfa (5'-TEF) region allowed the assignment of 94% of the isolates to Metarhizium spp., while 8% and 7% were assigned to Beauveria spp. and Paecilomyces spp., respectively. Four Metarhizium species were identified: Metarhizium robertsii was the most common one (61.5% of the isolates), followed by M. brunneum (24.4%), M. lepidiotae (9%), and M. guizhouense (5.1%). Microsatellite marker analysis of the Metarhizium isolates revealed the presence of 27 different genotypes, i.e., 10 genotypes among M. robertsii, 8 among M. brunneum, 5 among M. lepidiotae, and 4 among M. guizhouense. Metarhizium brunneum appeared to be associated with woodlands and more acid soils, while the other species showed no clear association with a particular habitat. Laboratory virulence tests against P. japonica 3rd instar larvae allowed the identification of one M. robertsii isolate that showed efficacy as high as 80.3%. The importance of this kind of study in the frame of eco-friendly microbiological control is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Barzanti
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125 Florence, Italy.
| | - Jürg Enkerli
- AGROSCOPE Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Molecular Ecology, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Benvenuti
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Agostino Strangi
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Torrini
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Simoncini
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Paoli
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marianelli
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 50125 Florence, Italy
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Hernández I, Sant C, Martínez R, Almazán M, Caminal M, Quero V, El-Adak M, Casanova A, Garrido-Jurado I, Yousef-Yousef M, Quesada-Moraga E, Lara JM, Fernández C. Persistence of Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in the Soil Is Affected by Formulation Type as Shown by Strain-Specific DNA Markers. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020229. [PMID: 36836343 PMCID: PMC9966207 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Metarhizium has an increasingly important role in the development of Integrated Pest Control against Tephritid fruit flies in aerial sprays targeting adults and soil treatments targeting preimaginals. Indeed, the soil is considered the main habitat and reservoir of Metarhizium spp., which may be a plant-beneficial microorganism due to its lifestyle as an endophyte and/or rhizosphere-competent fungus. This key role of Metarhizium spp. for eco-sustainable agriculture highlights the priority of developing proper monitoring tools not only to follow the presence of the fungus in the soil and to correlate it with its performance against Tephritid preimaginals but also for risk assessment studies for patenting and registering biocontrol strains. The present study aimed at understanding the population dynamics of M. brunneum strain EAMb 09/01-Su, which is a candidate strain for olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) preimaginal control in the soil, when applied to the soil at the field using different formulations and propagules. For this, strain-specific DNA markers were developed and used to track the levels of EAMb 09/01-Su in the soil of 4 field trials. The fungus persists over 250 days in the soil, and the levels of the fungus remained higher when applied as an oil-dispersion formulation than when applied as a wettable powder or encapsulated microsclerotia. Peak concentrations of EAMb 09/01-Su depend on the exogenous input and weakly on environmental conditions. These results will help us to optimize the application patterns and perform accurate risk assessments during further development of this and other entomopathogenic fungus-based bioinsecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Hernández
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-938182891
| | - Clara Sant
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Raquel Martínez
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Marta Almazán
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Marta Caminal
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Víctor Quero
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Mohammed El-Adak
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Albert Casanova
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Manuel Lara
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
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Lozano-Tovar MD, Ballestas Álvarez KL, Sandoval-Lozano LA, Palma Mendez GM, Barrera-Cubillos GP. Study on the insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of the fruit fly (Anastrepha obliqua), the main pest in mango crop in Colombia. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:83. [PMID: 36746793 PMCID: PMC9902421 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and select entomopathogenic fungi that produces insecticidal compounds for the control of adults of Anastrepha obliqua Macquart (Diptera: tephritidae) that are the main pest of mango (Mangifera indica L. Bark) in Colombia. Nine entomopathogenic fungi isolates were evaluated, five belonging to the genus Metarhizium and four belonging to the genus Beauveria. One strain of the species Metarhizium robertsii with insecticidal activity was selected. By column fractionation, an active fraction was obtained, which caused mortalities higher than 90% after 48 h of exposure. Through HPLC it was determined that the active fraction is composed of more than 22 metabolites. Identification of the metabolites by UHPLC MS/MS revealed the presence of destruxin in E, D, A and B groups (destruxin E-diol, destruxin D, destruxin D1, destruxin D2, destruxin A2, destruxin A, destruxin A3, dihydrodestruxin A, desmB, destruxin B2, destruxin B and destruxin B1). The evaluation of the insecticidal capacity of the organic fractions obtained by HPLC indicated that the extract obtained from the isolate M. robertsii had a compound with high activity on adults of A. obliqua (destruxin A) causing massive mortality of up to 100%, after 48 h of the treatment administration. Furthermore, two other compounds with medium activity were found (destruxin A2 and destruxin B), showing mortalities between 60.0 and 81.3%, respectively. The extract of the isolate MT008 of M. robertsii showed higher insecticidal activity and a potential source for the control of A. obliqua.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Denis Lozano-Tovar
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA). Centro de Investigación Nataima, Km 9, Espinal-Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia.
| | - Karen Lorena Ballestas Álvarez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA). Centro de Investigación Nataima, Km 9, Espinal-Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | | | | | - Gloria Patricia Barrera-Cubillos
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA). Centro de Investigación Tibaitata, Km14 Mosquera-Bogotá, Tolima, Colombia
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5
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Baró Y, Schuster C, Gato Y, Márquez ME, Leclerque A. Characterization, identification and virulence of
Metarhizium
species from Cuba to control the sweet potato weevil,
Cylas formicarius
Fabricius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3705-3716. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamilé Baró
- Plant Health Research Institute (INISAV) 110 Str. 514 Havana Cuba
| | - Christina Schuster
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Department of Biology Schnittspahnstraße 10 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- Geisenheim University Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry Von‐Lade‐Str. 1 65366 Geisenheim Germany
| | - Yohana Gato
- Plant Health Research Institute (INISAV) 110 Str. 514 Havana Cuba
| | - María Elena Márquez
- Plant Health Research Institute (INISAV) 110 Str. 514 Havana Cuba
- Havana University Science and Technical Department M Str., No. 255 Havana Cuba
- Colonia Morelos. CP Harvest 52, Dr. Alvarado No 56 60050 Uruapan Michoacán Mexico
| | - Andreas Leclerque
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Department of Biology Schnittspahnstraße 10 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- Geisenheim University Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry Von‐Lade‐Str. 1 65366 Geisenheim Germany
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP) Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1 80055 Portici Italy
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6
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Villamizar LF, Barrera G, Hurst M, Glare TR. Characterization of a new strain of Metarhizium novozealandicum with potential to be developed as a biopesticide. Mycology 2021; 12:261-278. [PMID: 34900381 PMCID: PMC8654417 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1935359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal species Metarhizium novozealandicum, that occurs only in New Zealand and Australia has been poorly studied. In this work, a new strain of M. novozealandicum isolated from a larva of Wiseana sp. is described based on morphology, genomic multilocus (ITS, EF-1α and β-tubulin) phylogeny, growth in different culture media and insecticidal activity. The isolate AgR-F177 was clustered in the same clade with M. novozealandicum. AgR-F177 colonies developed faster on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) than on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) when incubated at 25°C, with no growth observed at 30°C on either media. Conidia yield on an oat-based medium in semisolid fermentation was 7.41 x 108conidia/g of substrate and a higher yield of 1.68 x 109conidia/g of substrate was obtained using solid fermentation on cooked rice. AgR-F177 formed microsclerotia (MS) in liquid fermentation after 7 days reaching the maximum yield of 3.3 × 103 MS/mL after 10 days. AgR-F177 caused mortality in Wiseana copularis, Costelytra giveni and Plutella xylostella larvae with efficacies up to 100%, 69.2%, and 45.7%, respectively. The ease of production of AgR-F177 with different fermentation systems and its pathogenicity against different insect pests reveal its potential as a new biopesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Barrera
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, AGROSAVIA,Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mark Hurst
- AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Travis R Glare
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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7
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Senthil Kumar CM, Jacob TK, Devasahayam S, Geethu C, Hariharan V. Characterization and biocontrol potential of a naturally occurring isolate of Metarhizium pingshaense infecting Conogethes punctiferalis. Microbiol Res 2020; 243:126645. [PMID: 33221616 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An entomopathogenic fungus was isolated from an infected larva of Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera), a highly polyphagous pest recorded from more than 120 plants and widely distributed in Asia and Oceanic countries. The fungus was identified as Metarhizium pingshaense Q.T. Chen & H.L. Guo (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) based on morphological characteristics and molecular studies. Scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted to study the infection of C. punctiferalis by M. pingshaense. Bioassay studies with purified conidial suspension proved that the isolate was highly virulent to C. punctiferalis, causing more than 86 % mortality to fifth instar larvae at 1 × 108 spores/mL, under laboratory conditions. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the fungus against late instar larvae was 9.1 × 105 conidia/mL and the median survival time (MST) of late instar larvae tested at the doses of 1 × 108 and 1 × 107 conidia/mL were 4.7 and 6.4 days, respectively. The optimal temperature for fungal growth and sporulation was found to be 25 ± 1 °C. This is the first report of M. pingshaense naturally infecting C. punctiferalis. Isolation of a highly virulent strain of this fungus holds promise towards development of a potential mycoinsecticide against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Senthil Kumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India.
| | - T K Jacob
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India
| | - S Devasahayam
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India
| | - C Geethu
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India
| | - V Hariharan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India
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8
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Rehner SA. Genetic structure of Metarhizium species in western USA: Finite populations composed of divergent clonal lineages with limited evidence for recent recombination. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 177:107491. [PMID: 33069670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally distributed, soil associated Metarhizium species used in insect biological control are evidently facultatively sexual and obligately outcrossing, yet sexual morphs have not been observed for most species and corroboration that they recombine in nature remains limited. Community-wide genetic diversity of Metarhizium species among 480 soil isolates from 14 states of western USA was investigated to assess the contributions of clonality and recombination in determining each species' population structure. Seven species, varying greater than 100-fold in relative abundance, were identified by phylogenetic analysis of 5' EF1-α (5TEF), including M. robertsii (n = 372), M. guizhouense (n = 37), M. brunneum (n = 37), M. lepidiotae (n = 14), M. pemphigi (n = 11), M. anisopliae (n = 7) and M. pingshaense (n = 2). Analyses of composite multilocus genotypes integrating 5TEF sequences, multilocus microsatellites and mating type idiomorphs conducted on a subset of 239 isolates revealed that all species populations display pronounced clonal structure. Following clone-correction procedures to remove redundant clonal genotypes and collapse clonal lineages, each species' population sample was determined to be composed of a dozen or fewer genetically unique individuals. Thus, the Metarhizium community inhabiting western USA is conservatively estimated to comprise as few as 34 distinct genetic individuals, with a single, geographically ubiquitous clonal lineage of M. robertsii constituting 45% of total isolates. M. robertsii was the only population determined to be in linkage equilibrium. However, the high proportion of private alleles differentiating most M. robertsii clonal lineages argues against contemporary panmixia, thus the recombination signal detected may be historical. Nevertheless, within M. robertsii, M. brunneum and M. guizhouense there are closely related genotypes of opposite mating type, which suggests that if recombination is contemporary, it likely occurs between closely related individuals. The restricted number of genetic individuals observed throughout western North American Metarhizium species may signify that these represent peripheral populations descended from limited numbers of founders among which there has been little recombination relative to the extent of clone expansion and within-clone genetic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Rehner
- USDA-ARS, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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9
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Shen D, Nyawira KT, Xia A. New discoveries and applications of mosquito fungal pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 40:111-116. [PMID: 32781416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are a major threat to human health globally because they transmit infectious diseases, such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and arboviruses. The conventional mosquito control efforts, based on synthetic insecticides, have been compromised owing to the eventual development of insecticide resistance and the adverse environmental impacts of insecticides. Alternative eco-friendly approaches using entomopathogenic fungi to alleviate vector-borne disease burden have gained an increasing interest because of their selective specificity and environmental safety. Existing literature revealed an enormous potential of microbial agents for the biocontrol of mosquitoes. With the advances in genetic recombination and transformation techniques, genetically engineered fungal biopesticides showed promising efficacy against insecticide-resistant mosquitoes. In this article, we elaborate on the important mosquito fungal and oomycota pathogens as potential biocontrol agents and infection mechanism through oral ingestion. Recent advances on the secreted effectors for suppression of host immunity and progress on the development of transgenic mosquito-killing fungi were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Karani T Nyawira
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Kortsinoglou AM, Saud Z, Eastwood DC, Butt TM, Kouvelis VN. The mitochondrial genome contribution to the phylogeny and identification of Metarhizium species and strains. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:845-853. [PMID: 32948272 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The genus Metarhizium is composed of entomopathogenic fungal biological control agents (BCAs) used for invertebrate pest control. The phylogenetic relationships of species within this genus are still under scrutiny as several cryptic species can be found. In this work, the mitochondrial (mt) genome of Metarhizium brunneum ARSEF 4556 was fully sequenced and a comparative genome analysis was conducted with 7 other available mt genomes, belonging to 5 Metarhizium species: M. anisopliae, M. brunneum, M. robertsii, M. guizhouense and M. majus. Results showed that Metarhizium demonstrates greater conserved stability than other fungal mt genomes. Furthermore, this analysis located 7 diverse regions in both intergenic domains and gene fragments which were ideal for species/strain discrimination. The sequencing of these regions revealed several SNPs among 38 strains tested, 11 of which were uncharacterized. Single gene phylogenies presented variable results which may be used further for intra-species discrimination. Phylogenetic trees based on the concatenation of mt domains and the nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region showed discrimination of the species studied and allowed the identification of uncharacterized strains. These were mostly placed within species M. anisopliae and M. brunneum. Five strains clustered together in a clade related to M. brunneum, suggesting that they comprise a cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Kortsinoglou
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece.
| | - Zack Saud
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Dan C Eastwood
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Tariq M Butt
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Vassili N Kouvelis
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece.
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11
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Mongkolsamrit S, Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, Tasanathai K, Noisripoom W, Lamlertthon S, Himaman W, Houbraken J, Samson RA, Luangsa-Ard J. Revisiting Metarhizium and the description of new species from Thailand. Stud Mycol 2020; 95:171-251. [PMID: 32855740 PMCID: PMC7426330 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades the molecular phylogeny and classification of Metarhizium has been widely studied. Despite these efforts to understand this enigmatic genus, the basal lineages in Metarhizium are still poorly resolved. In this study, a phylogenetic framework is reconstructed for the Clavicipitaceae focusing on Metarhizium through increased taxon-sampling using five genomic loci (SSU, LSU, tef, rpb1, rpb2) and the barcode marker ITS rDNA. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and morphological characterisation of green-spored entomopathogenic Metarhizium isolates from Thailand and soil isolates of M. carneum and M. marquandii reveal their ecological, genetic and species diversity. Nineteen new species are recognised in the Metarhizium clade with narrow host ranges: two new species are found in the M. anisopliae complex - M. clavatum on Coleoptera larvae and M. sulphureum on Lepidoptera larvae; four new species are found in the M. flavoviride complex - M. biotecense and M. fusoideum on brown plant hoppers (Hemiptera), M. culicidarum on mosquitoes, M. nornnoi on Lepidoptera larvae; three new species M. megapomponiae, M. cicadae, M. niveum occur on cicadas; five new species M. candelabrum, M. cercopidarum, M. ellipsoideum, M. huainamdangense M. ovoidosporum occur on planthoppers, leafhoppers and froghoppers (Hemiptera); one new species M. eburneum on Lepidoptera pupae; and four new species M. phuwiangense, M. purpureum, M. purpureonigrum, M. flavum on Coleoptera . Of these 19 new species, seven produce a sexual morph (M. clavatum, M. eburneum, M. flavum, M. phuwiangense, M. purpureonigrum, M. purpureum, and M. sulphureum) and asexual morphs are found in the remaining new species and also in M. sulphureum, M. purpureonigrum and M. purpureum. Metarhizium blattodeae, M. koreanum and M. viridulum are new records for Thailand. An alternative neotype for Metarhizium anisopliae is proposed based on multi-gene and 5'tef analyses showing that CBS 130.71 from Ukraine is more suitable, being from a much closer geographical location to Metchnikoff's Metarhizium anisopliae. This isolate is distinct from the neotype of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae proposed by M. Tulloch from Ethiopia (ARSEF 7487). Six new genera are established for monophyletic clades subtending the core Metarhizium clade, including Keithomyces, Marquandomyces, Papiliomyces, Purpureomyces, Sungia, and Yosiokobayasia. Metarhizium carneum, M. aciculare, and M. neogunnii are combined in Keithomyces and one new combination for M. marquandii in Marquandomyces is proposed. Purpureomyces is introduced for species producing purple stromata including a new combination for M. khaoyaiense and two new species P. maesotensis and P. pyriformis. Papiliomyces contains two new combinations for M. liangshanense and Metacordyceps shibinensis. The genus Sungia is proposed for the Korean species M. yongmunense on Lepidoptera pupa and Yosiokobayasia for the Japanese species M. kusanagiense also on Lepidoptera pupa. A synoptic and dichotomous key to the accepted taxa is provided together with tables listing distinguishing morphological characters between species, host preferences, and geography.
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Key Words
- Biological control
- Clavicipitaceae
- Entomopathogenic fungi
- Keithomyces Samson, Luangsa-ard & Houbraken
- Keithomyces acicularis (H. Iwasaki et al.) Samson, Luangsa-ard & Houbraken
- Keithomyces carneus (Duché & R. Heim) Samson, Luangsa-ard & Houbraken
- Keithomyces neogunnii (T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde) Luangsa-ard, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. candelabrum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. cercopidarum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. cicadae Luangsa-ard, Tasanathai, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. clavatum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Lamlertthon, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. culicidarum Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. eburneum Luangsa-ard, Noisripoom, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. ellipsoideum Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. flavum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. fusoideum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. huainamdangense Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. megapomponiae Luangsa-ard, Tasanathai, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. niveum Luangsa-ard, Tasanathai, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. nornnoi Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. ovoidosporum Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. phuwiangense Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Himaman, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. purpureonigrum Luangsa-ard, Tasanathai, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. purpureum Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit, Lamlertthon, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- M. sulphureum Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- Marquandomyces Samson, Houbraken & Luangsa-ard
- Marquandomyces marquandii (Massee) Samson, Houbraken & Luangsa-ard
- Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokīn
- Metarhizium biotecense Luangsa-ard, Khonsanit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- P. pyriformis Luangsa-ard, Noisripoom, Himaman, Mongkolsamrit, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- Papiliomyces Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Papiliomyces liangshanensis (M. Zang et al.) Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Papiliomyces shibinensis (T.C. Wen et al.) Luangsa-ard Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Purpureomyces Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Purpureomyces khaoyaiensis (Hywel-Jones) Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Purpureomyces maesotensis Luangsa-ard, Noisripoom, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- Sungia Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitpipattana
- Sungia yongmunensis (G.H. Sung et al.) Luangsa-ard, Thanakitpipattana & Samson
- Yosiokobayasia Samson, Luangsa-ard & Thanakitpipattana
- Yosiokobayasia kusanagiensis (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Samson, Luangsa-ard & Thanakitpipattana
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mongkolsamrit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - A Khonsanit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - D Thanakitpipattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - K Tasanathai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - W Noisripoom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - S Lamlertthon
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - W Himaman
- Forest Entomology and Microbiology Research Group, Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - J Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, NL-3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - R A Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, NL-3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - J Luangsa-Ard
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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