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Hill S, Jimenez YA, Abu Awwad D, Lewis SJ. Infection prevention and control in computed tomography: creating a national survey. Infect Dis Health 2024; 29:15-24. [PMID: 37813714 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection prevention and control (IPC) is essential for quality healthcare, with healthcare associated infections (HAI) a known risk to patients requiring medical imaging (MI). To date, few papers have adopted a national approach to understanding or benchmarking the knowledge of, attitudes toward, and practice (KAP) of IPC in the context of MI and no validated surveys or scales are identified in the literature. The Computed Tomography (CT) suite is a unique MI environment where radiographers deliver prescription medicines to patients via intravenous (IV) means through an injector system. This paper describes the development of a survey that informs the use of IPC processes in the CT suite. METHODS Standard Precautions via current national guidelines formed the benchmark of the survey, with a KAP survey used as the framework to explore IPC. The questions and associated responses are developed based on the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines, industry/professional protocols and adapted to the equipment and practices commonly used in the CT suite of MI departments by radiographers and nurses. RESULTS Key survey development steps are described to include the justification of the benchmarking source, the survey framework and design. Detailed information is given to show the evolution of truth statements and sources, KAP question variations, and rationales for the methodology of question responses. National guidelines are mapped to survey questions and responses and pilot testing reflections are included. CONCLUSION This paper reports on the construction of a standardised KAP survey for IPC specific to the CT suite in the Australian healthcare setting. The survey is ready for dissemination amongst MI departments. Documented use will aid validation and reliability as a survey tool to measure and map IPC specifically in relation to IV contrast administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Hill
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney. 1 Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yobelli A Jimenez
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney. 1 Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dania Abu Awwad
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney. 1 Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney. 1 Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Limenyande MJM, Kobusingye JO, Tindyebwa T, Akongo D, Isunju JB, Musoke D. Factors associated with compliance with Infection Prevention and Control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in Kampala City, Uganda. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293732. [PMID: 37910487 PMCID: PMC10619793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that originated from China in December 2019 and spread around the world, Kampala City witnessed a high number of infections and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs). This study assessed the level of compliance with Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures and its associated factors among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Kampala City, Uganda. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nakawa Division, Kampala City, among 240 HCWs and used multistage sampling in government and private not-for-profit (PNFP) healthcare facilities. The outcome variable was self-reported IPC compliance which was composed of the use of masks, gloves, and hand hygiene. These were assessed using a 4-scale tool: always as recommended, most of the time, occasionally, and rarely. Only HCWs who responded "always as recommended" were considered compliant while the rest were considered non-compliant. Data was analyzed in STATA 14.0 using Modified Poisson regression to obtain factors associated with IPC compliance at 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Forty-six (19.2%) respondents were compliant with all the three IPC measures, and this was associated with the presence of a COVID-19 patients' ward in the healthcare facility (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio, APR: 2.51, 95%CI: 1.24-5.07). Factors associated with the use of masks were being of the Muslim religion (APR: 1.31, CI: 1.05-1.65), and working in a healthcare facility that has COVID-19 patients' ward (APR: 1.29, CI: 1.06-1.59). Factors associated with the use of gloves were the age of the HCW, those above 40 years old being less complaint (APR: 0.47, CI: 0.24-0.93), working in the diagnosis department (APR: 2.08, CI: 1.17-3.70), and working in a healthcare facility that has COVID-19 patients' ward (APR: 1.73, CI: 1.13-2.64). Factors associated with hand hygiene were working in a health center (HC) IV (PR: 1.7, CI: 1.26-2.30) or a HC II (PR: 1.68, CI: 1.28-2.21). CONCLUSION Considering the elevated risk of disease transmission in health settings, IPC compliance was low; indicating an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among health care workers in Kampala City.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tonny Tindyebwa
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dorothy Akongo
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Busoga Health Forum, Jinja, Uganda
| | | | - David Musoke
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Aldhamy H, Maniatopoulos G, McCune VL, Mansi I, Althaqafy M, Pearce MS. Knowledge, attitude and practice of infection prevention and control precautions among laboratory staff: a mixed-methods systematic review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 37312142 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical laboratories provide diagnostic testing services to support the effective delivery of care in today's complex healthcare systems. Processing clinical material and the use of chemicals or radiation presents potential hazard to laboratory workers, from both biological and chemical sources. Nevertheless, the laboratory should be a safe workplace if the identification of possible hazards, clear guidelines, safety rules and infection prevention and control (IPC) precautions are applied and followed. The main aim of this systematic review was to identify, critically appraise and synthesise the research evidence to gain a clear explanation of the implementation and knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of IPC guidelines among hospital laboratory staff. METHODS For this systematic review we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed, grey literature, reference lists and citations for studies published between database inception and November, 2021. All qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies whose aim was to explore risk perception and KAP of IPC guidelines among laboratory staff in any healthcare setting were included, without language or date restrictions. Evidence was narratively synthesised into group of themes. The quality of the evidence was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institutes Critical Appraisal Tools. RESULTS After the full-text screening, a total of 34 articles remained and were included in the final review. Thirty papers were considered to be of high quality and the remaining four were considered to be of low quality. The available evidence shows that there was good knowledge, good attitudes and moderate immunisation status, but there was still poor practice of IPC precautions and an inadequate level of training among laboratory workers. CONCLUSION There is a gap among KAP related to the implementation of IPC guidelines, which indicates that laboratory staff may be at high risk of acquiring infections in the workplace. These findings suggest that training (including IPC precautions, safety policies, safety equipment and materials, safety activities, initial biohazard handling, ongoing monitoring and potential exposure) of laboratory staff to increase their knowledge about IPC precautions could improve their use of these precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Aldhamy
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gregory Maniatopoulos
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
- School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria L McCune
- Department of Microbiology, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Ilaf Mansi
- North West Ambulance Service, Lancashire, UK
| | - Majid Althaqafy
- Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark S Pearce
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
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Alslamah T, Abalkhail A. The National Strategies for and Challenges in Infection Prevention and Control of the Healthcare System in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Review Study). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081302. [PMID: 36016190 PMCID: PMC9416472 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) lead to considerable morbidity. Prolonged hospital HAIs, also known as hospital infections or nosocomial infections, refer to infectious diseases that occur within 48 h of hospital admission, within three days of discharge or 30 days after having received healthcare. A total of 39 government-owned hospitals with a total of 10,822 beds providing the majority (59.9%) of Saudi Arabian healthcare were analyzed. Medicare and Medicaid use hospital data to track hospital performance on matters pertaining to IPC. In addition, many hospitals have limited capacity with which to develop the core components required to build an effective IPC programme. Hajj has been associated with the increased prevalence and spread of infectious diseases. These factors include changes in human demographics and behaviour, the effect of new technologies and industries, an increase in international travel and commerce, and breakdown resulting from public health measures. Overall public health service expenditure originates from the administration and services that are provided free of charge to all Saudi citizens.
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Alali NS, Alsaif SA, Alsudairi OK, Benaskar AM, Alali AH. Transmission and Cleaning Misconception During the COVID-19 Pandemic Time in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e27757. [PMID: 36106248 PMCID: PMC9445406 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of the public in Saudi Arabia toward the concept of surface decontamination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted over six months, from February 2021 to July 2021. We included adult Saudi and non-Saudi males and females living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: Six hundred and twenty-six responses from Saudi (92.7%) and non-Saudi (7.3%) participants with a median age of 24 years and interquartile range (IQR) of 21-29 years were received. Regarding knowledge level, 32.10% of the participants had good knowledge of respiratory virus transmission, and only 3.4% had good knowledge of decontamination products. Overall, 58.1% of the participants had a positive attitude toward decontamination products, and 28% had a negative attitude. Older participants, females, and participants who received their information from the Ministry of Health had higher odds of having a positive attitude toward disinfectant (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.004 to 1.039, p = 0.013), (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 2.08 to 4.47, p < 0.001), and (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.44 to 6.05, p = 0.003), respectively. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that the knowledge in the general population of Saudi Arabia is low regarding the transmission of COVID-19 infection and disinfectant products. The prevalence of using decontamination products and attitude toward it is average. Continuous awareness campaigns are required to increase the public's awareness toward such products to change the population's attitude and practice, improve the prevention, and reduce the spread of the infection and its related misconception.
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Brito-Brito PR, Fernández-Gutiérrez DÁ, Martínez-Alberto CE, Sáez-Rodríguez MJ, Núñez-Marrero J, García-Hernández AM. Use of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) to measure perceived knowledge about the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection: The impact of a training program in primary healthcare professionals. Int J Nurs Knowl 2021; 33:259-269. [PMID: 34939361 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the impact of an online training intervention on primary healthcare professionals in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain), evaluating the perceived knowledge about prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection using the NOC outcome "Knowledge: Infection management" [1842]. METHODS Quasi-experimental design with prepost analysis of 12 indicators. The participants were the 705 primary healthcare professionals, both healthcare professionals and nonhealthcare professionals, who completed the online training program prepared and implemented by nurses in the teaching and research fields between May and July 2020. The change in the perceived level of knowledge before and after, as well as other associations between this knowledge and the other variables included in the study, were confirmed. FINDINGS The results of the study describe significant differences in the change between pre- and posttraining for all indicators included in the comparison. CONCLUSIONS This research shows the effectiveness of an online training program, appropriate for the need for social distancing required by the pandemic, in improving the knowledge of primary healthcare professionals about prevention and control of COVID-19. It also describes a new context for the use of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) through a training program organized and led by nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Our results suggest that the NOC classification is useful for assessing perceived knowledge about prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community among primary healthcare professionals. This study also provides evidence of the effectiveness of a nurse-led, nurse-designed online training intervention. To this end, the outcome criterion "Knowledge: Infection management" [1842] was used and its 12 original indicators were operationally defined. Overall, this study proposes a useful new framework for the NOC taxonomy, which, in addition to being intended for the assessment of outcomes among patients, families, and communities, is versatile enough to assess knowledge outcomes among professionals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ruymán Brito-Brito
- Primary Care Management of Tenerife, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Canary Islands Health Service, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Canary Islands Research Group on Nursing Taxonomies (CareCan), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Domingo Ángel Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Primary Care Management of Tenerife, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Canary Islands Health Service, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Canary Islands Research Group on Nursing Taxonomies (CareCan), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrique Martínez-Alberto
- Primary Care Management of Tenerife, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Canary Islands Health Service, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Canary Islands Research Group on Nursing Taxonomies (CareCan), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Jesús Sáez-Rodríguez
- Primary Care Management of Tenerife, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Canary Islands Health Service, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Janet Núñez-Marrero
- Primary Care Management of Tenerife, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Canary Islands Health Service, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alfonso Miguel García-Hernández
- Canary Islands Research Group on Nursing Taxonomies (CareCan), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Alnuqaydan AM, Almutary AG, Sukamaran A, Yang BTW, Lee XT, Lim WX, Ng YM, Ibrahim R, Darmarajan T, Nanjappan S, Chellian J, Candasamy M, Madheswaran T, Sharma A, Dureja H, Prasher P, Verma N, Kumar D, Palaniveloo K, Bisht D, Gupta G, Madan JR, Singh SK, Jha NK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Virus-Pathophysiological Axis and the Current Treatment Strategies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:173. [PMID: 34105037 PMCID: PMC8186825 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a lethal respiratory disease with its first case reported back in 2012 (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). It is a novel, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA beta coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was isolated from a patient who died from a severe respiratory illness. Later, it was found that this patient was infected with MERS. MERS is endemic to countries in the Middle East regions, such as Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. It has been reported that the MERS virus originated from bats and dromedary camels, the natural hosts of MERS-CoV. The transmission of the virus to humans has been thought to be either direct or indirect. Few camel-to-human transmissions were reported earlier. However, the mode of transmission of how the virus affects humans remains unanswered. Moreover, outbreaks in either family-based or hospital-based settings were observed with high mortality rates, especially in individuals who did not receive proper management or those with underlying comorbidities, such as diabetes and renal failure. Since then, there have been numerous reports hypothesising complications in fatal cases of MERS. Over the years, various diagnostic methods, treatment strategies and preventive measures have been strategised in containing the MERS infection. Evidence from multiple sources implicated that no treatment options and vaccines have been developed in specific, for the direct management of MERS-CoV infection. Nevertheless, there are supportive measures outlined in response to symptom-related management. Health authorities should stress more on infection and prevention control measures, to ensure that MERS remains as a low-level threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arulmalar Sukamaran
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brian Tay Wei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiao Ting Lee
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Xuan Lim
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Min Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rania Ibrahim
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiviya Darmarajan
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satheeshkumar Nanjappan
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Chunilal Bhawan, Maniktala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Nitin Verma
- Chitkara University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Atal Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Jyotsana R Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Agarwal A, Ranjan P, Saikaustubh Y, Rohilla P, Kumari A, Prasad I, Baitha U, Dwivedi SN. Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing preventive practices and barriers among health care workers in COVID-19 pandemic. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:200-211. [PMID: 33902981 PMCID: PMC8063603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 has affected thousands of health care workers worldwide. Suboptimal infection control practices have been identified as important risk factors. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to holistically assess the preventive practices of health care workers related to COVID-19 and identify the reasons for shortcomings therein. METHODS The development of the questionnaire involved item generation through literature review, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with health care workers and experts, followed by validation through expert opinion, pilot testing and survey. A cross-sectional survey on 147 healthcare workers was done using an online platform and/or interviews in August 2020 in New Delhi, India. Exploratory factor analysis using principal component extraction with varimax rotation was performed to establish construct validity. Internal consistency of the tool was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS The developed questionnaire consists of two sections: Section A contains 29 items rated on a five-point Likert scale to assess preventive practices and Section B contains 27 semi-structured items to assess reasons for suboptimal practices. The first section has good validity (CVR = 0.87, S-CVI/Av = 0.978) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.85) CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for holistic assessment of preventive practices and barriers to it among health care workers. It will be useful to identify vulnerable practices and sections in health care settings which would assist policymakers in designing appropriate interventions for infection prevention and control. This will also be useful in future pandemics of similar nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Yellamraju Saikaustubh
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Priyanka Rohilla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Indrashekhar Prasad
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sada Nand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Damayanti M, Handiyani H. Low compliance, limited facilities, and insufficient budget funds become obstacles in the implementation of infection and prevention control programs: A phenomenology study. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alvim ALS, Gazzinelli A, Couto BRGM. Construction and validation of instrument to assess the quality of infection control programs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 42:e20200135. [PMID: 33886924 DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build and validate an instrument to assess hospital infection control programs. METHOD Methodological study that was developed in seven stages. The instrument items were categorized into the structure, process and result components. 10 expert judges participated, who evaluated the psychometric properties and validated the content using the Likert scale. The pre-test was carried out with 98 health professionals, from April to July 2018. For reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha test was used. RESULTS Regarding the content validity index, the score made by expert judges ranged from 0.777 to 1.00, with mean of 0.902 (± 0.076). The Cronbach's alpha test showed good internal consistency of the items (0.82). CONCLUSION An instrument to assess hospital infection control programs was developed and validated, which showed good reliability and can be efficiently used at national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Silva Alvim
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Andrea Gazzinelli
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Sah R, Alqumber MA, Haque S, Patel SK, Pathak M, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Haq AU, Bilal M, Dhama K, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. MERS-CoV: epidemiology, molecular dynamics, therapeutics, and future challenges. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:8. [PMID: 33461573 PMCID: PMC7812981 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained research attention worldwide, given the current pandemic. Nevertheless, a previous zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronavirus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is still causing concern, especially in Saudi Arabia and neighbour countries. The MERS-CoV has been reported from respiratory samples in more than 27 countries, and around 2500 cases have been reported with an approximate fatality rate of 35%. After its emergence in 2012 intermittent, sporadic cases, nosocomial infections and many community clusters of MERS continued to occur in many countries. Human-to-human transmission resulted in the large outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. The inherent genetic variability among various clads of the MERS-CoV might have probably paved the events of cross-species transmission along with changes in the inter-species and intra-species tropism. The current review is drafted using an extensive review of literature on various databases, selecting of publications irrespective of favouring or opposing, assessing the merit of study, the abstraction of data and analysing data. The genome of MERS-CoV contains around thirty thousand nucleotides having seven predicted open reading frames. Spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are the four main structural proteins. The surface located spike protein (S) of betacoronaviruses has been established to be one of the significant factors in their zoonotic transmission through virus-receptor recognition mediation and subsequent initiation of viral infection. Three regions in Saudi Arabia (KSA), Eastern Province, Riyadh and Makkah were affected severely. The epidemic progression had been the highest in 2014 in Makkah and Riyadh and Eastern Province in 2013. With a lurking epidemic scare, there is a crucial need for effective therapeutic and immunological remedies constructed on sound molecular investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsah H Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mohammed A Alqumber
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Abrar Ul Haq
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia. .,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. .,School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
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Noorimotlagh Z, Mirzaee SA, Jaafarzadeh N, Maleki M, Kalvandi G, Karami C. A systematic review of emerging human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak: focus on disinfection methods, environmental survival, and control and prevention strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1-15. [PMID: 33009614 PMCID: PMC7531810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an outbreak of a novel human coronavirus which is referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) was identified in Wuhan, China. To help combat the pandemic, a systematic review (SR) was performed to collect all available studies concerning inactivation methods, environmental survival, and control and prevention strategies. A comprehensive literature survey yielded 42 eligible studies which included in the SR. The results confirmed that the WHO recommended two alcohol-based hand rub formulations (ethanol 70-95% and 2-propanol 70-100%) had an efficient virucidal activity in less than 60 s by more and equal 4 log10 (≥ 99.99) approximately and could be used for disinfection in public health and health-care facilities. The findings indicated that SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 can survive under different environmental conditions between 4 and 72 h approximately. The results also demonstrate that temperature and relative humidity are important factors in the survival of SARS-CoV-2. The main strategies recommended by the WHO to avoid contracting SARS-CoV-2 are hand washing several times in the day and maintaining social distancing with others. It is important to note that the more studies require addressing, the more possible airborne transmission due to the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols for 3 h approximately. We hope that the results of the present SR can help researchers, health decision-makers, policy-makers, and people for understanding and taking the proper behavior to control and prevent further spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Noorimotlagh
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abbas Mirzaee
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Neemat Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Kalvandi
- Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Chiman Karami
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
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Aljondi R, Alghamdi SS, Abdelaziz I, Bushara L, Alghamdi S, Aljehani A, Zailae A, Alghamdi JS, Feteih I, Mahmoud MZ, Tajaldeen A. Knowledge of COVID-19 infection control among healthcare workers in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [PMCID: PMC8760371 DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1856587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiological examinations have played a crucial role in the identification and management of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of infection control among healthcare workers in radiology departments are important to prevent disease transmission. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of infection control for COVID-19 among healthcare workers in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional, online questionnaire was administered among healthcare workers in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia in May 2020. The questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, profession, knowledge of infection control for COVID-19, and good practice of infection control measures for COVID-19 in radiology departments. A descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square test were performed using SPSS software. A total of 234 (91%) of healthcare workers replied that they have good knowledge about the precautions needed during the examination of positive COVID-19 cases in radiology departments, and 216 (84%) replied that they knew the necessary precautions when using portable X-ray machine. Moreover, 191 (>74%) of those surveyed agreed that wearing personal protective equipment and following the CDC sequence. There was significant association between profession and good clinical practices in radiology departments regarding COVID-19. Such knowledge could limit the spread of COVID-19 among the healthcare workers in radiology departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Aljondi
- Department of Applied Radiologic Technology, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Applied Radiologic Technology, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikhlas Abdelaziz
- Department of Applied Radiologic Technology, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Bushara
- Department of Applied Radiologic Technology, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somayah Alghamdi
- Radiology Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Zailae
- Radiology Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamaan S. Alghamdi
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iyad Feteih
- Collage of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Z. Mahmoud
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Tajaldeen
- Radiological Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Goni MD, Hasan H, Wan-Arfah N, Naing NN, Deris ZZ, Arifin WN, Baaba AA, Aliyu A, Adam BM. Health Education Intervention as an Effective Means for Prevention of Respiratory Infections Among Hajj Pilgrims: A Review. Front Public Health 2020; 8:449. [PMID: 33014965 PMCID: PMC7494962 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of respiratory illness has continued to surge among Hajj pilgrims from different countries despite having some practices of preventive measures. Respiratory illnesses during Hajj could be due to many reasons and many factors that promote disease spread. These factors include overcrowding, cigarette smoking, and direct contact with infectious agents particularly viruses promote the spread of respiratory infections. However, due to the longer duration of the pilgrimage, there are high chances of pilgrims contracting various respiratory illnesses due to exposure to respiratory pathogens. Hajj pilgrims' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward respiratory tract infections are used as the determinant of the effectiveness of the health education interventions. Knowledge and application of basic hygiene principles, use of face masks, following cough etiquettes, engaging in social distancing, and engaging in other measures are highly important. In this paper, we reviewed the various effective intervention strategies implemented to help prevent respiratory tract infections during Hajj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dauda Goni
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Hasan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Wan-Arfah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nyi Nyi Naing
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zakuan Zainy Deris
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Arifin
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Aisha Abubakar Baaba
- Centre for Language Studies and Generic Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Abdulwahab Aliyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
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Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020; 42:261-267. [PMID: 32782038 PMCID: PMC7468688 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A cross-sectional survey of HCWs. Participants: HCWs from the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Intervention: A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19. Results: In total, 175 HCWs completed the survey between March 6 and March 10: 35 staff physicians (20%), 24 residents or fellows (14%), 72 nurses (41%), 14 respiratory therapists (8%), 14 administration staff (8%), and 14 other employees (8%). Most of the respondents were from the emergency department (n = 58, 33%) and the intensive care unit (n = 58, 33%). Only 86 respondents (50%) identified the correct donning order; only 60 (35%) identified the correct doffing order; but the majority (n = 113, 70%) indicated the need to wash their hands immediately prior to removal of their mask and eye protection. Also, 91 (54%) respondents felt comfortable with recommendations for droplet and/or contact precautions for routine care of patients with COVID-19. HCW occupation and concerns about contracting COVID-19 outside work were associated with nonacceptance of the recommendations (P = .016 and P = .036 respectively). Conclusion: As part of their pandemic response plans, healthcare institutions should have ongoing training for HCWs that focus on appropriate PPE doffing and discussions around modes of transmission of COVID-19.
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Brito-Brito PR, Martínez-Alberto CE, Cuéllar-Pompa L. [Nursing care for controlling coronavirus infections in positive cases: a narrative review]. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020; 31:S68-S72. [PMID: 32425486 PMCID: PMC7229952 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo Esta revisión tiene como objetivo realizar un mapeado de evidencias científicas en cuidados enfermeros dirigidos a controlar infecciones por coronavirus. Método Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline, CINAHL, Scopus y en la colección principal de la WOS, sin límite de fecha y a través de las palabras clave «transmission», «infection», «contagious», «spreads», «coronavirinae», «coronavirus», «covid 19», «sars cov 2», «nurses» y «nursing». Inicialmente se identificaron 154 estudios y, tras seleccionarlos según criterios de elegibilidad, se incluyeron 16. Resultados Entre las recomendaciones principales, según la evidencia disponible, se encuentran el intercambio de aire en las habitaciones como medida para reducir el riesgo de contagio entre pacientes; el refuerzo de medidas en unidades de cuidados intensivos; seguimiento de contactos de casos positivos; y una adecuada formación de los profesionales. Discusión y conclusiones Los estudios incluidos en la revisión trataron sobre prácticas de prevención y control de contagios, analizando riesgos asociados a la exposición y enumerando acciones para evitar complicaciones en pacientes críticos. Se identificaron patrones de transmisión de casos, contactos y factores asociados. También se estudiaron los conocimientos y actitudes profesionales, mostrando la importancia de una buena formación para el control de infecciones, y de disponer de equipos suficientes y adecuadas infraestructuras. Las enfermeras son vectores importantes de propagación. A pesar de que la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de cuidados para evitar el contagio por SARS-CoV-2 es escasa, los estudios publicados sobre la prevención y control ante brotes anteriores por coronavirus son de considerable utilidad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ruymán Brito-Brito
- Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Tenerife, Servicio Canario de la Salud, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España.
| | - Carlos Enrique Martínez-Alberto
- Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Tenerife, Servicio Canario de la Salud, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, España
| | - Leticia Cuéllar-Pompa
- Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Tenerife, Servicio Canario de la Salud, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Departamento de Enfermería, Escuela de Enfermería de la Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, España; Instituto de Investigación en Cuidados del Ilustre Colegio de Enfermeros de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
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Aldrazi FA, Rabaan AA, Alsuliman SA, Aldrazi HA, Alabdalslam MJ, Alsadiq SA, Alhani HM, Bueid AS. ESBL expression and antibiotic resistance patterns in a hospital in Saudi Arabia: Do healthcare staff have the whole picture? J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:759-766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Zhu L, Reychav I, McHaney R, Broda A, Tal Y, Manor O. Combined SNA and LDA methods to understand adverse medical events. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2020; 30:129-153. [PMID: 31476171 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-180052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare primary medical adverse event keywords from reporters (e.g. physicians and nurses) and harm level perspectives to explore the underlying behaviors of medical adverse events using social network analysis (SNA) and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) leading to process improvements. DESIGN Used SNA methods to explore primary keywords used to describe the medical adverse events reported by physicians and nurses. Used LDA methods to investigate topics used for various harm levels. Combined the SNA and LDA methods to discover common shared topic keywords to better understand underlying behaviors of physicians and nurses in different harm level medical adverse events. SETTING Maccabi Healthcare Community is the second largest healthcare organization in Israel. DATA 17,868 medical adverse event data records collected between 2000 and 2017. METHODS Big data analysis techniques using social network analysis (SNA) and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). RESULTS Shared topic keywords used by both physicians and nurses were determined. The study revealed that communication, information transfer, and inattentiveness were the most common problems reported in the medical adverse events data. CONCLUSIONS Communication and inattentiveness were the most common problems reported in medical adverse events regardless of healthcare professional reporting or harm levels. Findings suggested that an information-sharing and feedback mechanism should be implemented to eliminate preventable medical adverse events. Healthcare institutions managers and government officials should take targeted actions to decrease these preventable medical adverse events through quality improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Industrial Engineering & Management Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Iris Reychav
- Industrial Engineering & Management Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Roger McHaney
- Daniel D. Burke Chair for Exceptional Faculty, Professor and University Distinguished Teaching Scholar, Management Information Systems, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Aric Broda
- Head of Risk Management Department, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Tal
- Risk Management and Patient Safety Advisor, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orly Manor
- Deputy of Risk Management Department, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Emergency Medical Services Providers’ Experiences and Attitudes Toward Infection Prevention and Control Measures in Saudi Arabia: a Qualitative Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 14:713-718. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:This study explores the experiences and practices of emergency medical services (EMS) providers, as well as the motivations that underpin perceptions toward standard infection prevention and control (IPC). The current literature suggests that EMS providers have a low compliance level with preventive measures, with misperceptions about risks and self-justification of personal skills reported.Methods:The study used qualitative methods and conducted 2 distinct focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews with both prehospital and inter-facility EMS providers. Data were thematically analyzed using the Framework approach.Results:The participants considered respiratory infections the most significant nosocomial risks. Lack of full disclosure of medical history to EMS providers was considered a significant threat. Beliefs about low effectiveness and harmful effects of the influenza vaccine, as well as low perceptions of influenza risks, were common. While apparent misperceptions contributed largely to the inappropriate use of preventive measures, the reliance on intuition and individual experiences was attributed to the inaccessibility of appropriate guidelines, and lack of formal IPC training programs.Conclusions:There is need to address EMS doubts and fears, improve IPC practices and awareness by institutionalizing IPC training programs, and ensure the design and accessibility of simplified and well-tailored IPC guidelines for EMS providers.
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Alshehry AS. Culture of quality in infection prevention of a hospital as perceived by health care workers. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27:1131-1139. [PMID: 31034680 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM This research aimed to assess the culture of quality in infection prevention (CQIP) of a university hospital as perceived by health care workers (HCWs). BACKGROUND Health care-associated infections are serious concerns in hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Hence, assessing their CQIP is necessary. METHOD An investigation employing a descriptive and cross-sectional design was carried out among 623 HCWs (doctors, nurses and nursing assistants) in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia by using the Leading a Culture of Quality in Infection Prevention (LCQ-IP) scale. RESULTS The overall mean in the LCQ-IP was 3.86 (SD = 0.62). The subscale "prioritization of quality" (M = 4.11, SD = 0.79) was rated the highest dimension, whereas "supportive work environment" was perceived as the poorest dimension (M = 3.56, SD = 0.54). Gender, nationality, highest education and job title affected the four factors of the HCWs' perceptions of the hospital's CQIP. CONCLUSION HCWs modestly perceived their hospital's CQIP. The study highlighted the need for improving CQIP based on the four dimensions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT This study provided valuable implications for hospital and nursing management to ensure high-quality culture of infection prevention.
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Pomare C, Churruca K, Ellis LA, Long JC, Braithwaite J. A revised model of uncertainty in complex healthcare settings: A scoping review. J Eval Clin Pract 2019; 25:176-182. [PMID: 30467915 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty is a ubiquitous and dynamic presence throughout healthcare systems and encounters, affecting the quality and safety of care. Although previous research has attempted to categorize varieties of uncertainty, it is not clear if these classifications are applicable across various healthcare settings. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to examine the applicability of the issues of uncertainty delineated in an established taxonomy across diverse healthcare domains, professions, and countries and to consider the complexity of these issues. METHODS Drawing on empirical research from three databases, we conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify types of uncertainty experienced by healthcare professionals. A framework synthesis design was employed to review and synthesize the literature across multiple healthcare settings. RESULTS The search identified 2285 articles, of which 94 met the inclusion criteria. Findings from included studies suggested professional uncertainty in healthcare is complex and pervasive. On the basis of our inability to categorize some studies in the issues of uncertainty outlined in the existing taxonomy, we proposed a revised model of uncertainty for healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS The revised model of uncertainty, the model of uncertainty in complex healthcare settings (MUCH-S), is applicable to various healthcare ecosystems and proposes a reflexive archetype that recognizes different issues of uncertainty while establishing that these are often interrelated in healthcare systems. This review offers healthcare professionals greater levels of understanding of this complex phenomenon and may support more informed and reflective decision-making, assisting them to better navigate uncertainties experienced in healthcare workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pomare
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Churruca
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise A Ellis
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janet C Long
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Aldohyan M, Al-Rawashdeh N, Sakr FM, Rahman S, Alfarhan AI, Salam M. The perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer among primary healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:273. [PMID: 30898086 PMCID: PMC6427879 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge transfer of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) involves the dissemination of created/acquired information on MERS-CoV in hospitals, making this information accessible to all healthcare workers (HCWs). This study evaluated the perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer among primary care HCWs at a hospital in Saudi Arabia that witnessed the largest outbreak of confirmed MERS-CoV cases in this country. METHODS A survey was distributed among primary care HCWs at five clinics in Saudi Arabia in 2016. Those with non-direct patient care responsibilities were excluded. Their knowledge was evaluated against facts published by Mayo Clinic Foundation, and its percentage mean score (PMS) ± standard deviation was calculated. HCWs' perceived effectiveness of educational programs and knowledge transfer was classified as negative or positive. RESULTS Sample comprised of 404 HCWs, of which 64% were females and 36% were males. Almost 26% were ≤ 30 years old, and 42% had > 10 years of work experience. Almost 46.5% were nurses, 23.0% physicians, 18.1% were pharmacists, and 12.4% were technical staff. PMS for knowledge was 71.1 ± 19.4. The prevalence of negative perceptions towards educational programs was 22.5% and of knowledge transfer was 20.8%. Older(> 40 years of age) and more experienced(> 10 years) HCWs had the highest PMS for knowledge(73.4 ± 18.9,P = 0.005 and 76.9 ± 15.7,P < 0.001 respectively). Negative perceptions of educational programs (49.4 ± 20.7; P < 0.001) and knowledge transfer (46.0 ± 19.7; P = 0.001) were associated with a lower knowledge PMS. Males were 2.4[95% confidence interval 1.4-4.2] times and 2.0[1.1-3.5] times more likely to have negative perceptions of educational programs and knowledge transfer (adjusted (adj.)P = 0.001 and adj. P = 0.023, respectively). Physicians/pharmacists were 1.8[1.03-3.11] and 2.8[1.6-5.0] times more likely to have negative perceptions of both outcomes (adj. P = 0.038 and adj. P = 0.001, respectively). Less experienced HCWs were 2.1[1.3-3.5] times and 4.9[2.6-9.2] times more likely to exhibit negative perceptions of the two outcomes (adj. P < 0.001 each). CONCLUSIONS A negative perception of the effectiveness of MERS-CoV knowledge transfer was associated with poorer knowledge and was more prevalent among male HCWs, physicians/pharmacists and less experienced HCWs. Hospitals should always refer to efficient knowledge sharing and educational strategies that render beneficial outcomes to patients, HCWs, and the public community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal Aldohyan
- Pharmaceutical care department -Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nedal Al-Rawashdeh
- Research office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Farouk M Sakr
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Rahman
- Department of Family Medicine & PHC-Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali I Alfarhan
- Department of Family Medicine & PHC-Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Salam
- Science and technology unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Healthcare-associated infections: the hallmark of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus with review of the literature. J Hosp Infect 2018; 101:20-29. [PMID: 29864486 PMCID: PMC7114594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is capable of causing acute respiratory illness. Laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases may be asymptomatic, have mild disease, or have a life-threatening infection with a high case fatality rate. There are three patterns of transmission: sporadic community cases from presumed non-human exposure, family clusters arising from contact with an infected family index case, and healthcare-acquired infections among patients and from patients to healthcare workers. Healthcare-acquired MERS infection has become a well-known characteristic of the disease and a leading means of spread. The main factors contributing to healthcare-associated outbreaks include delayed recognition, inadequate infection control measures, inadequate triaging and isolation of suspected MERS or other respiratory illness patients, crowding, and patients remaining in the emergency department for many days. A review of the literature suggests that effective control of hospital outbreaks was accomplished in most instances by the application of proper infection control procedures. Prompt recognition, isolation and management of suspected cases are key factors for prevention of the spread of MERS. Repeated assessments of infection control and monitoring of corrective measures contribute to changing the course of an outbreak. Limiting the number of contacts and hospital visits are also important factors to decrease the spread of infection.
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Colet PC, Cruz JP, Cacho G, Al-Qubeilat H, Soriano SS, Cruz CP. Perceived Infection Prevention Climate and Its Predictors Among Nurses in Saudi Arabia. J Nurs Scholarsh 2017; 50:134-142. [PMID: 29193701 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the staff nurses' perception of the infection prevention climate and its predictors in two hospitals. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study employing a convenience sample of 224 staff nurses at two general hospitals in Riyadh province. METHODS The study utilized a two-part questionnaire that captures respondents' characteristics and the validated tool on Leading a Culture of Quality for Infection Prevention (LCQ-IP). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized accordingly. RESULTS The prioritization of quality received the highest mean score among the four factors of the scale (mean = 3.89, SD = 0.65), followed by supportive work environment (mean = 3.88, SD = 0.68), psychological safety (mean = 3.85, SD = 0.65), and improvement orientation (mean = 3.84, SD = 0.64). Nationality, clinical experience, and attendance to seminars or training were identified as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS The respondents perceived the infection prevention climate of the two general hospitals positively. This study strengthens the idea that organizational context influences negatively or positively the programs on infection prevention being implemented in the hospitals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The result may facilitate nursing and hospital management to reflect, examine, and review their organizational climate, the impact of infection prevention initiatives and patient safety strategies, and the reason to amend related policies or improve procedures, including the promotion of a healthy work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo C Colet
- Lecturer, Shaqra University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia; Assistant Professor, Nazarbayev University, School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Jonas Preposi Cruz
- Lecturer, Shaqra University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia, Visiting Professor, Graduate School, Union Christian College, La Union, Philippines
| | - Gabby Cacho
- Lecturer, Shaqra University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hikmet Al-Qubeilat
- Lecturer, Shaqra University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiela S Soriano
- Lecturer, Shaqra University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlie P Cruz
- Assistant Lecturer, Laboratory Science Program, University of Wyoming, Casper, WY, USA; and Adjunct Professor, Graduate School, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Batangas, Philippines
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