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Mechanical Alloying Process Applied for Obtaining a New Biodegradable Mg-xZn-Zr-Ca Alloy. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to apply the mechanical alloying process to obtain from powder components a new biodegradable Mg-based alloy powder from the system Mg-xZn-Zr-Ca, with high biomechanical and biochemical performance. Various processing parameters for mechanical alloying have been experimented with the ultimate goal to establish an efficient processing route for the production of small biodegradable parts for the medical domain. It has been observed that for the same milling parameters, the composition of the powders has influenced the powder size and shape. On the other hand, for the same composition, the highest experimented milling speed and time conduct to finer powder particles, almost round-shaped, without pores or various inclusions. The most uniform size has been obtained for the powder sample with 10 wt.%Zn. These powders were finally processed by selective laser melting, an additive manufacturing technology, to obtain a homogeneous experimental sample, without cracking, for future more systematical trials.
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Jagadeesh GV, Srinivasu GS. A Current Status of the Residual Stress Characterization by the Crystal Lattice Strain (Diffraction) Method. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Porous magnesium-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:1253-1266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhu Z, Xu X, He Y, Zhang B. Improved corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of a calcium phosphate coating on a magnesium alloy for orthopedic applications. EUR J INFLAMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x16677763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study a calcium phosphate (Ca–P) coating was fabricated on the surface of an AZ31 alloy by a chemical deposition process, and the in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out on a Ca–P-coated and uncoated AZ31 alloy to determine the effect of Ca–P coating on the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of the AZ31 alloy. The morphology and composition of the Ca–P coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion behavior of the Ca-P coating was evaluated by a static immersion test and the effects of the Ca–P coating on biocompatibility were also investigated by in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments. The results indicated that the Ca–P coating reduced the in vitro and in vivo corrosion rates of the AZ31 alloy. Cell experiments showed significantly good adherence and high proliferation on the Ca–P-coated AZ31 alloy than those on the uncoated AZ31 alloy ( P < 0.05). The blood cell aggregation tests showed that the Ca–P-coated AZ31 alloy had decreased the blood cell aggregation compared to the uncoated AZ31 alloy. The animal experiments showed that the uncoated AZ31 alloy degraded more rapidly than the Ca–P-coated AZ31 alloy and the Ca–P coating provided significantly good biocompatibility, thus suggesting that the Ca–P coating not only slowed down the corrosion rate of the AZ31 alloy, but also improved its biocompatibility. Therefore, the Ca–P-coated AZ31 alloy can be considered as a promising biomaterial for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaojin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohua He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingchun Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Ye C, Zhou X, Telang A, Gao H, Ren Z, Qin H, Suslov S, Gill AS, Mannava SR, Qian D, Doll GL, Martini A, Sahai N, Vasudevan VK. Surface amorphization of NiTi alloy induced by Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification for improved mechanical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 53:455-462. [PMID: 26410178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the effects of Ultrasonic Nano-crystal Surface Modification (UNSM), a severe surface plastic deformation process, on the microstructure, mechanical (hardness, wear), wettability and biocompatibility properties of NiTi shape memory alloy. Complete surface amorphization of NiTi was achieved by this process, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The wear resistance of the samples after UNSM processing was significantly improved compared with the non-processed samples due to increased surface hardness of the alloy by this process. In addition, cell culture study demonstrated that the biocompatibility of the samples after UNSM processing has not been compromised compared to the non-processed sample. The combination of high wear resistance and good biocompatibility makes UNSM an appealing process for treating alloy-based biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States.
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Abhishek Telang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Hongyu Gao
- School of Engineering, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA 95343, United States
| | - Zhencheng Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Haifeng Qin
- Timken Engineered Surfaces Laboratories, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Sergey Suslov
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amrinder S Gill
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - S R Mannava
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States
| | - Gary L Doll
- Timken Engineered Surfaces Laboratories, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Ashlie Martini
- School of Engineering, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA 95343, United States
| | - Nita Sahai
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Department of Geology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Vijay K Vasudevan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
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Shi LL, Huang Y, Yang L, Feyerabend F, Mendis C, Willumeit R, Ulrich Kainer K, Hort N. Mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg–Gd–Ca–Zr alloys for medical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 47:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liu YJ, Yang ZY, Tan LL, Li H, Zhang YZ. An animal experimental study of porous magnesium scaffold degradation and osteogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:715-20. [PMID: 25098717 PMCID: PMC4165299 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to observe the biodegradable and osteogenic properties of magnesium scaffolding under in vivo conditions. Twelve 6-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. The chosen operation site was the femoral condyle on the right side. The experimental group was implanted with porous magnesium scaffolds, while the control group was implanted with hydroxyapatite scaffolds. X-ray and blood tests, which included serum magnesium, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (CREA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were performed serially at 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and 1, 2, and 3 months. All rabbits were killed 3 months postoperatively, and the heart, kidney, spleen, and liver were analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The bone samples were subjected to microcomputed tomography scanning (micro-CT) and hard tissue biopsy. SPSS 13.0 (USA) was used for data analysis, and values of P<0.05 were considered to be significant. Bubbles appeared in the X-ray of the experimental group after 2 weeks, whereas there was no gas in the control group. There were no statistical differences for the serum magnesium concentrations, ALT, BUN, and CREA between the two groups (P>0.05). All HE-stained slices were normal, which suggested good biocompatibility of the scaffold. Micro-CT showed that magnesium scaffolds degraded mainly from the outside to inside, and new bone was ingrown following the degradation of magnesium scaffolds. The hydroxyapatite scaffold was not degraded and had fewer osteoblasts scattered on its surface. There was a significant difference in the new bone formation and scaffold bioabsorption between the two groups (9.29 ± 1.27 vs 1.40 ± 0.49 and 7.80 ± 0.50 vs 0.00 ± 0.00 mm3, respectively; P<0.05). The magnesium scaffold performed well in degradation and osteogenesis, and is a promising material for orthopedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Liu
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Z Y Yang
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - L L Tan
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - H Li
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Z Zhang
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Shadanbaz S, Walker J, Woodfield TBF, Staiger MP, Dias GJ. Monetite and brushite coated magnesium: in vivo and in vitro models for degradation analysis. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:173-183. [PMID: 24081382 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of magnesium (Mg) as a biodegradable metallic replacement of permanent orthopaedic materials is a current topic of interest and investigation. The appropriate biocompatibility, elastic modulus and mechanical properties of Mg recommend its suitability for bone fracture fixation. However, the degradation rates of Mg can be rapid and unpredictable resulting in mass hydrogen production and potential loss of mechanical integrity. Thus the application of calcium phosphate coatings has been considered as a means of improving the degradation properties of Mg. Brushite and monetite are utilized and their degradation properties (alongside uncoated Mg controls) are assessed in an in vivo subcutaneous environment and the findings compared to their in vitro degradation behaviour in immersion tests. The current findings suggest monetite coatings have significant degradation protective effects compared to brushite coatings in vivo. Furthermore, it is postulated that an in vitro immersion test may be used as a tentative predictor of in vivo subcutaneous degradation behavior of calcium phosphate coated and uncoated Mg.
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Huehnerschulte TA, Reifenrath J, von Rechenberg B, Dziuba D, Seitz JM, Bormann D, Windhagen H, Meyer-Lindenberg A. In vivo assessment of the host reactions to the biodegradation of the two novel magnesium alloys ZEK100 and AX30 in an animal model. Biomed Eng Online 2012; 11:14. [PMID: 22429539 PMCID: PMC3352308 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-11-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on biodegradable magnesium implants published recently use magnesium-calcium-alloys or magnesium-aluminum-rare earth-alloys.However, since rare earths are a mixture of elements and their toxicity is unclear, a reduced content of rare earths is favorable. The present study assesses the in vivo biocompatibility of two new magnesium alloys which have a reduced content (ZEK100) or contain no rare earths at all (AX30). METHODS 24 rabbits were randomized into 4 groups (AX30 or ZEK100, 3 or 6 months, respectively) and cylindrical pins were inserted in their tibiae. To assess the biodegradation μCT scans and histological examinations were performed. RESULTS The μCT scans showed that until month three ZEK100 degrades faster than AX30, but this difference is leveled out after 6 months. Histology revealed that both materials induce adverse host reactions and high numbers of osteoclasts in the recipient bone. The mineral apposition rates of both materials groups were high. CONCLUSIONS Both alloys display favorable degradation characteristics, but they induce adverse host reactions, namely an osteoclast-driven resorption of bone and a subsequent periosteal formation of new bone. Therefore, the biocompatibility of ZEK100 and AX30 is questionable and further studies, which should focus on the interactions on cellular level, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Andreas Huehnerschulte
- School of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Small Animals Clinic, CRC 599, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Janin Reifenrath
- School of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Small Animals Clinic, CRC 599, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- University of Zurich, Muscoskeletal Research Unit, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dina Dziuba
- School of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Small Animals Clinic, CRC 599, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Jan Marten Seitz
- Leibniz University of Hanover, Institute of Materials Science, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Dirk Bormann
- Leibniz University of Hanover, Institute of Materials Science, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Henning Windhagen
- Medical School Hanover, Annastift, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7 30625 Hanover-Kleefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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