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Luo W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Jiao J, Yu T, Jiang W, Li M, Zhang H, Gong X, Chao B, Liu S, Wu X, Wang J, Wu M. Advanced topology of triply periodic minimal surface structure for osteogenic improvement within orthopedic metallic screw. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101118. [PMID: 38975238 PMCID: PMC11225863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metallic screws are one of the most common implants in orthopedics. However, the solid design of the screw has often resulted in stress shielding and postoperative loosening, substantially impacting its long-term fixation effect after surgery. Four additive manufacturing porous structures (Fischer-Koch S, Octet, Diamond, and Double Gyroid) are now introduced into the screw to fix those issues. Upon applying the four porous structures, elastic modulus in the screw decreased about 2∼15 times to reduce the occurrence of stress shielding, and bone regeneration effect on the screw surface increased about 1∼50 times to improve bone tissue regrowing. With more bone tissue regrowing on the inner surface of porous screw, a stiffer integration between screw and bone tissue will be achieved, which improves the long-term fixation of the screw tremendously. The biofunctions of the four topologies on osteogenesis have been fully explored, which provides an advanced topology optimization scheme for the screw utilized in orthopedic fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuqiang Gong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Chao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shixian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hijazi KM, Dixon SJ, Armstrong JE, Rizkalla AS. Titanium Alloy Implants with Lattice Structures for Mandibular Reconstruction. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:140. [PMID: 38203994 PMCID: PMC10779528 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of mandibular reconstruction has made great strides in terms of hardware innovations and their clinical applications. There has been considerable interest in using computer-aided design, finite element modelling, and additive manufacturing techniques to build patient-specific surgical implants. Moreover, lattice implants can mimic mandibular bone's mechanical and structural properties. This article reviews current approaches for mandibular reconstruction, their applications, and their drawbacks. Then, we discuss the potential of mandibular devices with lattice structures, their development and applications, and the challenges for their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Hijazi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - S. Jeffrey Dixon
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jerrold E. Armstrong
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Amin S. Rizkalla
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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Shao H, Zhang Q, Sun M, Wu M, Sun X, Wang Q, Tong S. Effects of hydroxyapatite-coated porous titanium scaffolds functionalized by exosomes on the regeneration and repair of irregular bone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1283811. [PMID: 38026868 PMCID: PMC10644107 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1283811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a traditional bone implant material, titanium (Ti) and its alloys have the disadvantages of lack of biological activity and susceptibility to stress shielding effect. Adipose stem cells (ADSCs) and exosomes were combined with the scaffold material in the current work to effectively create a hydroxyapatite (HA) coated porous titanium alloy scaffold that can load ADSCs and release exosomes over time. The composite made up for the drawbacks of traditional titanium alloy materials with higher mechanical characteristics and a quicker rate of osseointegration. Exosomes (Exos) are capable of promoting the development of ADSCs in porous titanium alloy scaffolds with HA coating, based on experimental findings from in vitro and in vivo research. Additionally, compared to pure Ti implants, the HA scaffolds loaded with adipose stem cell exosomes demonstrated improved bone regeneration capability and bone integration ability. It offers a theoretical foundation for the combined use of stem cell treatment and bone tissue engineering, as well as a design concept for the creation and use of novel clinical bone defect repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Shao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingman Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Tong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Costa M, Lima R, Alves N, Silva N, Gasik M, Silva F, Bartolomeu F, Miranda G. Multi-material cellular structured orthopedic implants design: In vitro and bio-tribological performance. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ghio E, Cerri E. Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Lightweight Alloys via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Heat Treatments Effects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2047. [PMID: 35329496 PMCID: PMC8953129 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technology that is gaining increasing interest in aerospace, automotive and biomedical applications due to the possibility of processing lightweight alloys such as AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V. Both these alloys have microstructures and mechanical properties that are strictly related to the type of heat treatment applied after the L-PBF process. The present review aimed to summarize the state of the art in terms of the microstructural morphology and consequent mechanical performance of these materials after different heat treatments. While optimization of the post-process heat treatment is key to obtaining excellent mechanical properties, the first requirement is to manufacture high quality and fully dense samples. Therefore, effects induced by the L-PBF process parameters and build platform temperatures were also summarized. In addition, effects induced by stress relief, annealing, solution, artificial and direct aging, hot isostatic pressing, and mixed heat treatments were reviewed for AlSi10Mg and Ti6AlV samples, highlighting variations in microstructure and corrosion resistance and consequent fracture mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Ghio
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
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McGregor M, Patel S, McLachlin S, Vlasea M. Data related to architectural bone parameters and the relationship to Ti lattice design for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Data Brief 2021; 39:107633. [PMID: 34917699 PMCID: PMC8646123 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The data included in this article provides additional supporting information on our publication (McGregor et al. [1]) on the review of the natural lattice architecture in human bone and its implication towards titanium (Ti) lattice design for laser powder bed fusion and electron beam powder bed fusion. For this work, X-ray computed tomography was deployed to understand and visualize a Ti-6Al-4V lattice structure manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. This manuscript includes details about the manufacturing of the lattice structure using laser powder bed fusion and computed tomography methods used for analyzing the lattice structure. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to understand how lattice parameters are controlled in additively manufactured Ti and Ti-alloy parts aimed at replacing or augmenting human bone. From this literature review, lattice design information was collected and is summarized in tabular form in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine McGregor
- University of Waterloo, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sagar Patel
- University of Waterloo, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stewart McLachlin
- University of Waterloo, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mihaela Vlasea
- University of Waterloo, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Yang J, Li Y, Shi X, Shen M, Shi K, Shen L, Yang C. Design and analysis of three-dimensional printing of a porous titanium scaffold. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:654. [PMID: 34340671 PMCID: PMC8330076 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mechanic strength, pore morphology and size are key factors for the three-dimensional (3D) printing of porous titanium scaffolds, therefore, developing optimal structure for the 3D printed titanium scaffold to fill bone defects in knee joints is instructive and important. Methods Structural models of titanium scaffolds with fifteen different pore unit were designed with 3D printing computer software; five different scaffold shapes were designed: imitation diamond-60°, imitation diamond-90°, imitation diamond-120°, regular tetrahedron and regular hexahedron. Each structural shape was evaluated with three pore sizes (400, 600 and 800 μm), and fifteen types of cylindrical models (size: 20 mm; height: 20 mm). Autodesk Inventor software was used to determine the strength and safety of the models by simulating simple strength acting on the knee joints. We analyzed the data and found suitable models for the design of 3D printing of porous titanium scaffolds. Results Fifteen different types of pore unit structural models were evaluated under positive pressure and lateral pressure; the compressive strength reduced when the pore size increased. Under torsional pressure, the strengths of the imitation diamond structure were similar when the pore size increased, and the strengths of the regular tetrahedron and regular hexahedron structures reduced when the pore size increased. In each case, the compressive strength of the regular hexahedron structure was highest, that of the regular tetrahedron was second highest, and that of the imitation diamond structure was relatively low. Fifteen types of cylindrical models under a set force were evaluated, and the sequence of comprehensive compressive strength, from strong to weak was: regular hexahedron > regular tetrahedron > imitation diamond-120° > imitation diamond-90° > imitation diamond-60°. The compressive strength of cylinder models was higher when the pore size was smaller. Conclusion The pore size and pore morphology were important factors influencing the compressive strength. The strength of each structure reduced when the pore size (400, 600 and 800 μm) increased. The models of regular hexahedron, regular tetrahedron and imitation diamond-120°appeared to meet the conditions of large pore sizes and high compressive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yang
- Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, 1201 Beijing Road, Haimen District, Nantong City, 226100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaqiang Li
- Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 145 Shandong Zhong Lu, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, 1201 Beijing Road, Haimen District, Nantong City, 226100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meihua Shen
- Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, 1201 Beijing Road, Haimen District, Nantong City, 226100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaibing Shi
- Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, 1201 Beijing Road, Haimen District, Nantong City, 226100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingjie Shen
- Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, 1201 Beijing Road, Haimen District, Nantong City, 226100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunxi Yang
- Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 145 Shandong Zhong Lu, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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Dhiman S, Singh M, Sidhu SS, Bahraminasab M, Pimenov DY, Mikolajczyk T. Cubic Lattice Structures of Ti6Al4V under Compressive Loading: Towards Assessing the Performance for Hard Tissue Implants Alternative. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143866. [PMID: 34300785 PMCID: PMC8303876 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Porous Lattice Structure (PLS) scaffolds have shown potential applications in the biomedical domain. These implants’ structural designs can attain compatibility mechanobiologically, thereby avoiding challenges related to the stress shielding effect. Different unit cell structures have been explored with limited work on the fabrication and characterization of titanium-based PLS with cubic unit cell structures. Hence, in the present paper, Ti6Al4V (Ti64) cubic PLS scaffolds were analysed by finite element (FE) analysis and fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) technique. PLS of the rectangular shape of width 10 mm and height 15 mm (ISO: 13314) with an average pore size of 600–1000 μm and structure porosity percentage of 40–70 were obtained. It has been found that the maximum ultimate compressive strength was found to be 119 MPa of PLS with a pore size of 600 μm and an overall relative density (RD) of 57%. Additionally, the structure’s failure begins from the micro-porosity formed during the fabrication process due to the improper melting along a plane inclined at 45 degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Dhiman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Malkeet Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Roopnagar 140001, India;
- Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Beant Singh State University, Gurdaspur 14521, India;
| | - Marjan Bahraminasab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799422, Iran;
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799422, Iran
| | - Danil Yurievich Pimenov
- Department of Automated Mechanical Engineering, South Ural State University, Lenin Prosp. 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Tadeusz Mikolajczyk
- Department of Production Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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