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Aravind MK, Vignesh NS, Gayathri S, Anjitha N, Athira KM, Gunaseelan S, Arunkumar M, Sanjaykumar A, Karthikumar S, Ganesh Moorthy IM, Ashokkumar B, Pugazhendhi A, Varalakshmi P. Review on rewiring of microalgal strategies for the heavy metal remediation - A metal specific logistics and tactics. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137310. [PMID: 36460155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phycoremediation of heavy metals are gaining much attention and becoming an emerging practice for the metal removal in diverse environmental matrices. Still, the physicochemical state of metal polluted sites is often found to be complex and haphazard in nature due to the irregular discharge of wastes, that leads to the lack of conjecture on the application of microalgae for the metal bioremediation. Besides, the foresaid issues might be eventually ended up with futile effect to the polluted site. Therefore, this review is mainly focusing on interpretative assessment on pre-existing microalgal strategies and their merits and demerits for selected metal removal by microalgae through various process such as natural attenuation, nutritional amendment, chemical pretreatment, metal specific modification, immobilization and amalgamation, customization of genetic elements and integrative remediation approaches. Thus, this review provides the ideal knowledge for choosing an efficient metal remediation tactics based on the state of polluted environment. Also, this in-depth description would provide the speculative knowledge of counteractive action required for pass-over the barriers and obstacles during implementation. In addition, the most common metal removal mechanism of microalgae by adsorption was comparatively investigated with different metals through the principal component analysis by grouping various factor such as pH, temperature, initial metal concentration, adsorption capacity, removal efficiency, contact time in different microalgae. Conclusively, the suitable strategies for different heavy metals removal and addressing the complications along with their solution is comprehensively deliberated for metal removal mechanism in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikka Kubendran Aravind
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagamalai Sakthi Vignesh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhalingam Gayathri
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nair Anjitha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kottilinkal Manniath Athira
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathaiah Gunaseelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malaisamy Arunkumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Transcription Regulation Group, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashokkumar Sanjaykumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, 638401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankar Karthikumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, 626001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sharma P, Bano A, Singh SP, Sharma S, Xia C, Nadda AK, Lam SS, Tong YW. Engineered microbes as effective tools for the remediation of polyaromatic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135538. [PMID: 35792210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become a major concern to human health and the environment due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Traditional treatment measures for removing toxic substances from the environment have largely failed, and thus development and advancement in newer remediation techniques are of utmost importance. Rising environmental pollution with HMs and PAHs prompted the research on microbes and the development of genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) for reducing pollution via the bioremediation process. The enzymes produced from a variety of microbes can effectively treat a range of pollutants, but evolutionary trends revealed that various emerging pollutants are resistant to microbial or enzymatic degradation. Naturally, existing microbes can be engineered using various techniques including, gene engineering, directed evolution, protein engineering, media engineering, strain engineering, cell wall modifications, rationale hybrid design, and encapsulation or immobilization process. The immobilization of microbes and enzymes using a variety of nanomaterials, membranes, and supports with high specificity toward the emerging pollutants is also an effective strategy to capture and treat the pollutants. The current review focuses on successful bioremediation techniques and approaches that make use of GEMs or engineered enzymes. Such engineered microbes are more potent than natural strains and have greater degradative capacities, as well as rapid adaptation to various pollutants as substrates or co-metabolizers. The future for the implementation of genetic engineering to produce such organisms for the benefit of the environment andpublic health is indeed long and valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Ambreen Bano
- IIRC-3, Plant-Microbe Interaction and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, 208001, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Dehua Tubao New Decoration Material Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, 117585, Singapore.
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Pant G, Garlapati D, Agrawal U, Prasuna RG, Mathimani T, Pugazhendhi A. Biological approaches practised using genetically engineered microbes for a sustainable environment: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124631. [PMID: 33278727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods used to remediate toxic substances from the environment have failed drastically, and thereby, advancement in newer remediation techniques can be one of the ways to improve the quality of bioremediation. The increased environmental pollution led to the exploration of microorganisms and construction of genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) for pollution abatement through bioremediation. The present review deals with the successful bioremediation techniques and approaches practised using genetically modified or engineered microbes. In the present scenario, physical and chemical strategies have been practised for the remediation of domestic and industrial wastes but these techniques are expensive and toxic to the environment. Involving engineered microbes can provide a much safer and cost effective strategy in comparison with the other techniques. With the aid of biotechnology and genetic engineering, GEMs are designed by transforming microbes with a more potent protein to overexpress the desired character. GEMs such as bacteria, fungi and algae have been used to degrade oil spills, camphor, hexane, naphthalene, toluene, octane, xylene, halobenzoates, trichloroethylene etc. These engineered microbes are more potent than the natural strains and have higher degradative capacities with quick adaptation for various pollutants as substrates or cometabolize. The road ahead for the implementation of genetic engineering to produce such organisms for the welfare of the environment and finally, public health is indeed long and worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deviram Garlapati
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Govt. of India, Chennai 600 100, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Urvashi Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Gyana Prasuna
- Department of Microbiology & FST, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Pekarsky A, Spadiut O. Intrinsically Magnetic Cells: A Review on Their Natural Occurrence and Synthetic Generation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:573183. [PMID: 33195134 PMCID: PMC7604359 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.573183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetization of non-magnetic cells has great potential to aid various processes in medicine, but also in bioprocess engineering. Current approaches to magnetize cells with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) require cellular uptake or adsorption through in vitro manipulation of cells. A relatively new field of research is "magnetogenetics" which focuses on in vivo production and accumulation of magnetic material. Natural intrinsically magnetic cells (IMCs) produce intracellular, MNPs, and are called magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). In recent years, researchers have unraveled function and structure of numerous proteins from MTB. Furthermore, protein engineering studies on such MTB proteins and other potentially magnetic proteins, like ferritins, highlight that in vivo magnetization of non-magnetic hosts is a thriving field of research. This review summarizes current knowledge on recombinant IMC generation and highlights future steps that can be taken to succeed in transforming non-magnetic cells to IMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Xue W, Moore LR, Nakano N, Chalmers JJ, Zborowski M. Single cell magnetometry by magnetophoresis vs. bulk cell suspension magnetometry by SQUID-MPMS - a comparison. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2019; 474:152-160. [PMID: 32863537 PMCID: PMC7453790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic constituents of a cell have strong effect on cell's volume magnetic susceptibility even at low volume fraction because of their high susceptibility relative to that of the diamagnetic cell constituents. The effect can be measured at a single cell level by measuring cell terminal velocity in viscous media using a microscope equipped with a well-defined field and gradient magnet configuration (referred to as magnetophoretic analysis by cell tracking velocimetry, CTV). The sensitivity of such a microscopic-scale magnetometry was compared to that of a reference method of superconducting quantum interference-magnetic properties measurement system (SQUID-MPMS) using a red blood cell (RBC) suspension model. The RBC hemoglobin oxygen saturation determines the hemoglobin molecular magnetic susceptibility (diamagnetic when fully oxygenated, paramagnetic when fully deoxygenated or converted to methemoglobin). The SQUID-MPMS measurements were performed on an average of 5,000 RBCs in 20 μL physiological phosphate buffer at room temperature, those by CTV on a single cell track in a mean magnetic field of 1.6 T and mean gradient of 240 T/m, repeated for an average of 1,000 tracks per sample. This suggests 5,000× higher sensitivity of cell susceptometry by magnetophoretic analysis than by SQUID-MPMS. The magnetophoretic mean RBC magnetic susceptibilities were in the range determined by SQUID-MPMS (lower limit) and theory (upper limit). The ability of magnetophoretic analysis to resolve susceptibility peaks in a mixed cell populations was confirmed for an oxy RBC and met RBC mixture. Magnetophoretic analysis by CTV provides new tool for studies of emergence of paramagnetic reaction products in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, OH 44195, United States
- The William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lee R. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, OH 44195, United States
| | - Naruhiko Nakano
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Jeffrey J. Chalmers
- The William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Maciej Zborowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, OH 44195, United States
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Santomauro G, Singh AV, Park B, Mohammadrahimi M, Erkoc P, Goering E, Schütz G, Sitti M, Bill J. Incorporation of Terbium into a Microalga Leads to Magnetotactic Swimmers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santomauro
- Institute for Materials ScienceUniversity of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Byung‐Wook Park
- Department of Civil/Environmental & Chemical EngineeringYoungstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
| | | | - Pelin Erkoc
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Eberhard Goering
- Modern Magnetic Systems DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Gisela Schütz
- Modern Magnetic Systems DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials ScienceUniversity of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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