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Mohammadi A, Chiang S, Li F, Wei F, Lau CS, Aziz M, Ibarrondo FJ, Fulcher JA, Yang OO, Chia D, Kim Y, Wong DT. Direct Detection of 4-Dimensions of SARS-CoV-2: Infection (vRNA), Infectivity (Antigen), Binding Antibody, and Functional Neutralizing Antibody in Saliva. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3745787. [PMID: 38234820 PMCID: PMC10793499 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3745787/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We developed a 4-parameter clinical assay using Electric Field Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM) technology to simultaneously assess SARS-CoV-2 RNA (vRNA), nucleocapsid antigen, host binding (BAb) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels from a drop of saliva with performance that equals or surpasses current EUA-approved tests. The vRNA and antigen assays achieved lower limit of detection (LOD) of 100 copies/reaction and 3.5 TCID₅₀/mL, respectively. The vRNA assay differentiated between acutely infected (n=10) and infection-naïve patients (n=33) with an AUC of 0.9818, sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 100%. The antigen assay similarly differentiated these patient populations with an AUC of 1.000. The BAb assay detected BAbs with an LOD of 39 pg/mL and distinguished acutely infected (n=35), vaccinated with prior infection (n=13), and vaccinated infection-naïve patients (n=13) from control (n=81) with AUC of 0.9481, 1.000, and 0.9962, respectively. The NAb assay detected NAbs with an LOD of 31.6 Unit/mL and differentiated between COVID-19 recovered or vaccinated patients (n=31) and pre-pandemic controls (n=60) with an AUC 0.923, sensitivity of 87.10%, and specificity of 86.67%. Our multiparameter assay represents a significant technological advancement to simultaneously address SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity, and it lays the foundation for tackling potential future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mohammadi
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Chiang
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feng Li
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Aziz
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francisco J. Ibarrondo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Fulcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Chia
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David T.W. Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Batool SM, Yekula A, Khanna P, Hsia T, Gamblin AS, Ekanayake E, Escobedo AK, You DG, Castro CM, Im H, Kilic T, Garlin MA, Skog J, Dinulescu DM, Dudley J, Agrawal N, Cheng J, Abtin F, Aberle DR, Chia D, Elashoff D, Grognan T, Krysan K, Oh SS, Strom C, Tu M, Wei F, Xian RR, Skates SJ, Zhang DY, Trinh T, Watson M, Aft R, Rawal S, Agarwal A, Kesmodel SB, Yang C, Shen C, Hochberg FH, Wong DTW, Patel AA, Papadopoulos N, Bettegowda C, Cote RJ, Srivastava S, Lee H, Carter BS, Balaj L. The Liquid Biopsy Consortium: Challenges and opportunities for early cancer detection and monitoring. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101198. [PMID: 37716353 PMCID: PMC10591039 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of liquid biopsy stands at the forefront of novel diagnostic strategies for cancer and other diseases. Liquid biopsy allows minimally invasive molecular characterization of cancers for diagnosis, patient stratification to therapy, and longitudinal monitoring. Liquid biopsy strategies include detection and monitoring of circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, and extracellular vesicles. In this review, we address the current understanding and the role of existing liquid-biopsy-based modalities in cancer diagnostics and monitoring. We specifically focus on the technical and clinical challenges associated with liquid biopsy and biomarker development being addressed by the Liquid Biopsy Consortium, established through the National Cancer Institute. The Liquid Biopsy Consortium has developed new methods/assays and validated existing methods/technologies to capture and characterize tumor-derived circulating cargo, as well as addressed existing challenges and provided recommendations for advancing biomarker assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prerna Khanna
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffaney Hsia
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin S Gamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emil Ekanayake
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana K Escobedo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Gil You
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tugba Kilic
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Johan Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Dudley
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jordan Cheng
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Chia
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott S Oh
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles Strom
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Tu
- Liquid Diagnostics LLC., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fang Wei
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rena R Xian
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Skates
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thi Trinh
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Watson
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Aft
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siddarth Rawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Circulogix Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cheng Shen
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - David T W Wong
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard J Cote
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Circulogix Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Shen H, Jin Y, Zhao H, Wu M, Zhang K, Wei Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang F, Wang J, Chen K. Potential clinical utility of liquid biopsy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Med 2022; 20:480. [PMID: 36514063 PMCID: PMC9749360 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsy has been widely researched for early diagnosis, prognostication and disease monitoring in lung cancer, but there is a need to investigate its clinical utility for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate diagnostic and prognostic values of liquid biopsy for early-stage NSCLC, regarding the common biomarkers, circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), methylation signatures, and microRNAs. Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE databases, ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists were searched for eligible studies since inception to 17 May 2022. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were assessed for diagnostic values. Hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was extracted from the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) plots for prognostic analysis. Also, potential predictive values and treatment response evaluation were further investigated. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, there were 34 studies eligible for diagnostic assessment and 21 for prognostic analysis. The estimated diagnostic values of biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC with AUCs ranged from 0.84 to 0.87. The factors TNM stage I, T1 stage, N0 stage, adenocarcinoma, young age, and nonsmoking contributed to a lower tumor burden, with a median cell-free DNA concentration of 8.64 ng/ml. For prognostic analysis, the presence of molecular residual disease (MRD) detection was a strong predictor of disease relapse (RFS, HR, 4.95; 95% CI, 3.06-8.02; p < 0.001) and inferior OS (HR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.97-7.83; p < 0.001), with average lead time of 179 ± 74 days between molecular recurrence and radiographic progression. Predictive values analysis showed adjuvant therapy significantly benefited the RFS of MRD + patients (HR, 0.27; p < 0.001), while an opposite tendency was detected for MRD - patients (HR, 1.51; p = 0.19). For treatment response evaluation, a strong correlation between pathological response and ctDNA clearance was detected, and both were associated with longer survival after neoadjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study indicated liquid biopsy could reliably facilitate more precision and effective management of early-stage NSCLC. Improvement of liquid biopsy techniques and detection approaches and platforms is still needed, and higher-quality trials are required to provide more rigorous evidence prior to their routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Shen
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yichen Jin
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Manqi Wu
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yun Li
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kezhong Chen
- Thoracic Oncology Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Xi Zhi Men South Ave No.11, Beijing, 100044, China.
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4
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Li F, Wei F, Grogan TR, Elashoff DE, Vu D, Vigerust DJ, Gupta R, Wong DT. Proficiency Testing of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations Detection in Saliva Using Spectrum Saliva Collector (SDNA-1000) and Preservative Solution Detected by Electric Field-Induced Release and Measurement. Biopreserv Biobank 2022; 20:461-464. [PMID: 35878053 PMCID: PMC9603249 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tristan R. Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David E. Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Vu
- Spectrum Solutions LLC, Draper, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - David T.W. Wong
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zheng Q, Ji C, Liu R, Xu J, Wang Y, Yang A, Zheng W, Cao J. Detection of soybean transgenic event GTS-40-3-2 using electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM). Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6671-6676. [PMID: 34523013 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has become a standard technique for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). However, this method requires a PCR amplification process which is both expensive and time-consuming. Herein, we propose electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) technology as an alternative method for GMO screening. The specificity and sensitivity of the EFIRM assay were proven to be comparable to those of the real-time PCR method for detecting genetically modified soybeans. After all the parameters had been evaluated, the actual evaluation of soybean samples from soybean cargoes was performed. An actual EFIRM screening was performed on 157 soybean cargo samples, which had 102 transgenic soybean samples containing the GTS-40-3-2 gene, through a blind trial at the Dalian port of China. Our results showed that 101 transgenic soybean samples were correctly detected, with only one false-negative case, and 55 non-transgenic soybean samples were detected as negative; this demonstrates that the EFIRM assay is an effective, accurate, simple, and economical novel method for detecting transgenic products, which may have a positive impact on the development of rapid on-site GMO monitoring platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Traceability of Food, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Liu
- Technology Center of Dalian Customs District, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Xu
- Technology Center of Dalian Customs District, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifu Yang
- Technology Center of Dalian Customs District, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Traceability of Food, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China.
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6
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Longitudinal Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Blood and Saliva for Prediction of Response to Osimertinib and Disease Progression in EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133342. [PMID: 34283064 PMCID: PMC8268167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We assessed whether serial ctDNA monitoring of plasma and saliva predicts response and resistance to osimertinib in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Three ctDNA technologies-blood-based droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and saliva-based EFIRM liquid biopsy (eLB)-were employed to investigate their complementary roles. Methods: Plasma and saliva samples were collected from patients enrolled in a prospective clinical trial of osimertinib and local ablative therapy upon progression (NCT02759835). Plasma was analyzed by ddPCR and NGS. Saliva was analyzed by eLB. Results: A total of 25 patients were included. We analyzed 534 samples by ddPCR (n = 25), 256 samples by NGS (n = 24) and 371 samples by eLB (n = 22). Among 20 patients who progressed, ctDNA progression predated RECIST 1.1 progression by a median of 118 days (range: 61-272 days) in 11 (55%) patients. Of nine patients without ctDNA progression by ddPCR, two patients had an increase in mutant EGFR by eLB and two patients were found to have ctDNA progression by NGS. Levels of ctDNA measured by ddPCR and NGS at early time points, but not volumetric tumor burden, were associated with PFS. EGFR/ERBB2/MET/KRAS amplifications, EGFR C797S, PIK3CA E545K, PTEN V9del, and CTNNB1 S45P were key resistance mechanisms identified by NGS. Conclusion: Serial assessment of ctDNA in plasma and saliva predicts response and resistance to osimertinib, with each assay having supplementary roles.
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7
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Circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer: real-time monitoring of disease evolution and treatment response. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2476-2485. [PMID: 32960843 PMCID: PMC7575184 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of all cancer-related deaths. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is released from apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells. Several sensitive techniques have been invented and adapted to quantify ctDNA genomic alterations. Applications of ctDNA in lung cancer include early diagnosis and detection, prognosis prediction, detecting mutations and structural alterations, minimal residual disease, tumor mutational burden, and tumor evolution tracking. Compared to surgical biopsy and radiographic imaging, the advantages of ctDNA are that it is a non-invasive procedure, allows real-time monitoring, and has relatively high sensitivity and specificity. Given the massive research on non-small cell lung cancer, attention should be paid to small cell lung cancer.
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Freitas C, Sousa C, Machado F, Serino M, Santos V, Cruz-Martins N, Teixeira A, Cunha A, Pereira T, Oliveira HP, Costa JL, Hespanhol V. The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:634316. [PMID: 33937034 PMCID: PMC8085425 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.634316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is an emerging technology with a potential role in the screening and early detection of lung cancer. Several liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers have been identified and are currently under ongoing investigation. In this article, we review the available data on the use of circulating biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer, focusing on the circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free DNA, circulating micro-RNAs, tumor-derived exosomes, and tumor-educated platelets, providing an overview of future potential applicability in the clinical practice. While several biomarkers have shown exciting results, diagnostic performance and clinical applicability is still limited. The combination of different biomarkers, as well as their combination with other diagnostic tools show great promise, although further research is still required to define and validate the role of liquid biopsies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Freitas
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Machado
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Serino
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Santos
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Teixeira
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Cunha
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tania Pereira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder P. Oliveira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Luís Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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9
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Li F, Wei F, Huang WL, Lin CC, Li L, Shen MM, Yan Q, Liao W, Chia D, Tu M, Tang JH, Feng Z, Kim Y, Su WC, Wong DTW. Ultra-Short Circulating Tumor DNA (usctDNA) in Plasma and Saliva of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2041. [PMID: 32722209 PMCID: PMC7464208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations identified in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) predict sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We previously reported that Electric Field-Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM)-based liquid biopsy could detect EGFR ctDNA with >94% concordance with tissue-based genotyping. A side-by-side comparison of concordance of EFIRM and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of the two front-line actionable EFGR mutations was performed with paired plasma and saliva samples from 13 NSCLC patients. Deep sequencing analysis based on single-strand DNA library preparation was employed to determine the size distributions of EGFR L858R ctDNA in plasma and saliva samples. EFIRM detected both EGFR mutations with 100% sensitivity in both plasma and saliva samples, whereas ddPCR detected EGFR mutations with sensitivities of 84.6% and 15.4%, respectively. In saliva samples, the majority of EGFR L858R ctDNA fragments detected were <80 bp. Deep sequencing analysis of ctDNA enriched for the EGFR L858R mutation revealed the significant presence of EGFR L858R ctDNA as ultra-short circulating tumor DNA (usctDNA) with the size of 40-60 bp in patient plasma and saliva. Most of usctDNAs are not amplifiable with the current ddPCR assay. Further examination using cell lines and patient biofluids revealed that the majority of usctDNAs were predominately localized in the exosomal fraction. Our study revealed the abundant existence of EGFR ctDNA in the plasma and saliva of NSCLC patients is usctDNA. usctDNA is a novel type of targets for liquid biopsy that can be efficiently detected by EFIRM technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
- Institute of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Macy M. Shen
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Qingxiang Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Q.Y.); (Z.F.)
| | - Wei Liao
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - David Chia
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Michael Tu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jason H. Tang
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ziding Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Q.Y.); (Z.F.)
| | - Yong Kim
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - David T. W. Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.W.); (L.L.); (M.M.S.); (W.L.); (D.C.); (M.T.); (J.H.T.); (Y.K.)
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10
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Li N, Guha U, Kim C, Ye L, Cheng J, Li F, Chia D, Wei F, Wong DTW. Longitudinal Monitoring of EGFR and PIK3CA Mutations by Saliva-Based EFIRM in Advanced NSCLC Patients With Local Ablative Therapy and Osimertinib Treatment: Two Case Reports. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1240. [PMID: 32793495 PMCID: PMC7393232 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The longitudinal monitoring of actionable oncogenes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for clinicians to evaluate current therapeutic response and adjust therapeutic strategies. Saliva-based electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) is liquid biopsy platform to that can directly detect mutation genes with a small volume of samples. Herein, we compared the effectiveness of longitudinal monitoring for the combination of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations between saliva-based EFIRM and plasma-based platforms (ddPCR and NGS) in two advanced NSCLC patients undergoing the treatment with osimertinib before and after local ablative therapy (LAT). Patients and Methods: Two patients with unresectable advanced NSCLC were enrolled into the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (NIHCC) Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: 16-C-0092; local ablative therapy for the treatment of oligoprogressive, EGFR-mutated, non-small cell lung cancer after treatment with osimertinib). Serial collections of saliva, plasma, and metastatic tumor volume measurement by computed tomography (CT) were performed. Longitudinal paired saliva and plasma samples were analyzed for p.L858R EGFR, exon19 del EGFR, and p.E545K PIK3CA ctDNA using EFIRM (saliva) and ddPCR and NGS (plasma). Results: In Case 1, the saliva ctDNA curve of exon19 del EGFR by EFIRM demonstrated a strong similarity to those of tumor volume (R = 0.78, P = 0.00) and exon19 del EGFR in ddPCR (R = 0.53, P = 0.01). Moreover, the curve of p.E545K PIK3CA in EFIRM showed similarity to those of tumor volume (R = 0.70, P = 0.00) and p.E545K PIK3CA in NGS (R = 0.72, P = 0.00). In Case 2, the curve of p.E545K PIK3CA in EFIRM revealed a reverse relationship to that of tumor volume (R = -0.65, P = 0.01). Conclusion: In these two case reports, saliva-based EFIRM platform demonstrates a high level of concordance to plasma-based platforms (ddPCR and NGS) for longitudinally monitoring the combination of EGFR and PIK3CA ctDNA and can be a useful platform to monitor tumor progression and response to targeted therapy in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chul Kim
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leah Ye
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jordan Cheng
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Feng Li
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Chia
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David T. W. Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Tu M, Cheng J, Chen YL, Jea WC, Chen WL, Chen CJ, Ho CL, Huang WL, Lin CC, Su WC, Ye Q, Deignan J, Grody W, Li F, Chia D, Wei F, Liao W, Wong DTW, Strom CM. Electric Field-Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM): Characterization and Technical Validation of a Novel Liquid Biopsy Platform in Plasma and Saliva. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:1050-1062. [PMID: 32497715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) is a novel, plate-based, liquid biopsy platform capable of detecting circulating tumor DNA containing EGFR mutations directly from saliva and plasma in both early- and late-stage patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. We investigated the properties of the target molecule for EFIRM and determined that the platform preferentially detects single-stranded DNA molecules. We then investigated the properties of the EFIRM assay and determined the linearity, linear range, precision, and limit of detection for six different EGFR variants (the four most common g.Exon19del variants), p.T790M, and p.L858R). The limit of detection was in single-digit copy number for the latter two mutations, and the limit of detection for Exon19del was 5000 copies. Following these investigations, technical validations were performed for four separate EFIRM liquid biopsy assays, qualitative and quantitative assays for both saliva and plasma. We conclude that EFIRM liquid biopsy is an assay platform that interrogates a biomarker not targeted by any other extant platform (namely, circulating single-stranded DNA molecules). The assay has acceptable performance characteristics in both quantitative and qualitative assays on both saliva and plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tu
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Liquid Diagnostics LLC, San Clemente, California
| | - Jordan Cheng
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Jea
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Li Chen
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jung Chen
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Ho
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Center of Applied Nanotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Center of Applied Nanomedicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Qianlin Ye
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Josh Deignan
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wayne Grody
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Feng Li
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Chia
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fang Wei
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wei Liao
- EZLife Bio Inc., Los Angeles, California
| | - David T W Wong
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Charles M Strom
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Liquid Diagnostics LLC, San Clemente, California.
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12
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The Validity and Predictive Value of Blood-Based Biomarkers in Prediction of Response in the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051120. [PMID: 32365836 PMCID: PMC7280996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapy, molecular diagnostics gained a more profound role in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to systematically search for studies reporting on the use of liquid biopsies (LB), the correlation between LBs and tissue biopsies, and finally the predictive value in the management of NSCLC. A systematic literature search was performed, including results published after 1 January 2014. Articles studying the predictive value or validity of a LB were included. The search (up to 1 September 2019) retrieved 1704 articles, 1323 articles were excluded after title and abstract screening. Remaining articles were assessed for eligibility by full-text review. After full-text review, 64 articles investigating the predictive value and 78 articles describing the validity were included. The majority of studies investigated the predictive value of LBs in relation to therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor (n = 38). Of studies describing the validity of a biomarker, 55 articles report on one or more EGFR mutations. Although a variety of blood-based biomarkers are currently under investigation, most studies evaluated the validity of LBs to determine EGFR mutation status and the subsequent targeting of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors based on the mutation status found in LBs of NSCLC patients.
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13
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Bel’skaya LV, Sarf EA, Kosenok VK, Gundyrev IA. Biochemical Markers of Saliva in Lung Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E186. [PMID: 32230883 PMCID: PMC7235830 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work is to study the metabolic characteristics of saliva in lung cancer for use in early diagnosis and determining the prognosis of the disease. The patient group included 425 lung cancer patients, 168 patients with non-cancerous lung diseases, and 550 healthy volunteers. Saliva samples were collected from all participants in the experiment before treatment and 34 biochemical saliva parameters were determined. Participants were monitored for six years to assess survival rates. The statistical analysis was performed by means of Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft) program and R package (version 3.2.3). To construct the classifier, the Random Forest method was used; the classification quality was assessed using the cross-validation method. Prognostic factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model in a backward step-wise fashion to adjust for potential confounding factors. A complex of metabolic changes occurring in saliva in lung cancer is described. Seven biochemical parameters were identified (catalase, triene conjugates, Schiff bases, pH, sialic acids, alkaline phosphatase, chlorides), which were used to construct the classifier. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were 69.5% and 87.5%, which is practically not inferior to the diagnostic characteristics of markers routinely used in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Significant independent factors in the poor prognosis of lung cancer are imidazole compounds (ICs) above 0.478 mmol/L and salivary lactate dehydrogenase activity below 545 U/L. Saliva has been shown to have great potential for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Laboratory of biochemistry, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14, Tukhachevsky str, 644043 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Sarf
- Laboratory of biochemistry, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14, Tukhachevsky str, 644043 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Victor K. Kosenok
- Department of Oncology, Omsk State Medical University, 12, Lenina str, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
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14
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Tu M, Wong MY, Sun X, Dai M, Huang R, Chen Y, Lin X, Yang A, Zheng Q, Liao W. Rapid PCR-free meat species mitochondrial DNA identification using Electric Field Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM®). Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1099:68-74. [PMID: 31986279 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work details the usage of EFIRM® (Electric Field Induced Release and Measurement) for PCR-free rapid electrochemical detection of mitochondrial DNA. EFIRM® was able to perform highly sensitive detection of animal species for meat contamination testing without multistep sample lysis, DNA extraction, or PCR amplification steps, demonstrating the capability to detect the presence of foreign meat species that only constituted 0.1% of the total mass of a food sample (achieving sensitivity equivalent to that of PCR). The EFIRM® strategy utilizes surface immobilized nucleic acid probes that complement to mitochondrial sequence of Ovis Aries, Sus Scrofa, and Bos Taurus and are immobilized in a polypyrrole matrix on a 96-electrode array. Quantification was performed through amperometric measurement of oxidation-reduction reactions on a streptavidin-peroxidase enzyme chain that completes the nucleic acid complex. All electrochemical procedures were performed using a high-throughput potentiostat system that allows parallelized electrochemical measurement and interfacing to the 96-electrode array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tu
- EZLife Bio Inc, 21250 Califa St, #101, Woodland Hills, CA, 91367, USA
| | - Man Yee Wong
- EZLife Bio Inc, 21250 Califa St, #101, Woodland Hills, CA, 91367, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- EZLife Bio Inc, 21250 Califa St, #101, Woodland Hills, CA, 91367, USA
| | - Minxian Dai
- EZLife Bio Inc, 21250 Califa St, #101, Woodland Hills, CA, 91367, USA
| | - Renping Huang
- EZLife Bio Inc, 21250 Califa St, #101, Woodland Hills, CA, 91367, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- EZLife Bio Inc, 21250 Califa St, #101, Woodland Hills, CA, 91367, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- EZLife Bio Inc, 21250 Califa St, #101, Woodland Hills, CA, 91367, USA
| | - Aifu Yang
- DaLian Customs District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | | | - Wei Liao
- EZLife Bio Inc, 21250 Califa St, #101, Woodland Hills, CA, 91367, USA.
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15
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Cell-Free DNA Testing. Genomic Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22922-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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16
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Zheng H, Wu X, Yin J, Wang S, Li Z, You C. Clinical applications of liquid biopsies for early lung cancer detection. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2567-2579. [PMID: 31911847 PMCID: PMC6943362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the clinical utility of liquid biopsies in lung cancer has drawn increasing attention. Having been successfully applied in targeted therapy for late stage lung cancer, liquid biopsies are being further investigated regarding their potential role for early detection of lung cancer. Novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are crucial for identifying patients at early stages as well as for monitoring high-risk populations. A variety of bodily fluids (such as plasma, serum, and sputum) and biomarkers (such as cfDNA, CTCs, gene methylation, and miRNA) have been investigated for their potential role in the diagnosis of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in circulating biomarkers regarding the early detection of lung cancer and discuss their potential applications and challenges in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Lianxi Biotech800 HuanHu Xier Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Novo Vivo Inc435 Tasso St, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Purdue University625 Agriculture Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University BloomingtonBloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China HospitalChengdu, Sichuan, China
- Shanghai Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Novo Vivo Inc435 Tasso St, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Lianxi Biotech800 HuanHu Xier Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Changxuan You
- Department of Oncology, Medical Center for Overseas Patient, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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17
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Puente-Maestu L, Gallardo Bermejo M, Girón-Matute WI. Las futuras técnicas diagnósticas en neumología, cambiar el chip. Arch Bronconeumol 2019; 55:457-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Xue VW, Wong CSC, Cho WCS. Early detection and monitoring of cancer in liquid biopsy: advances and challenges. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:273-276. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1583104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Cesar Sze Chuen Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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