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Linge A, Patil S, Grosser M, Lohaus F, Gurtner K, Kemper M, Gudziol V, Haim D, Nowak A, Tinhofer I, Zips D, Guberina M, Stuschke M, Balermpas P, Rödel C, Schäfer H, Grosu AL, Abdollahi A, Debus J, Ganswindt U, Belka C, Pigorsch S, Combs SE, Boeke S, Gani C, Jöhrens K, Baretton GB, Löck S, Baumann M, Krause M. The value of subcutaneous xenografts for individualised radiotherapy in HNSCC: Robust gene signature correlates with radiotherapy outcome in patients and xenografts. Radiother Oncol 2024; 191:110055. [PMID: 38109944 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the robustness of prognostic biomarkers and molecular tumour subtypes developed for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) on cell-line derived HNSCC xenograft models, and to develop a novel biomarker signature by combining xenograft and patient datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice bearing xenografts (n = 59) of ten HNSCC cell lines and a retrospective, multicentre patient cohort (n = 242) of the German Cancer Consortium-Radiation Oncology Group (DKTK-ROG) were included. All patients received postoperative radiochemotherapy (PORT-C). Gene expression analysis was conducted using GeneChip Human Transcriptome Arrays. Xenografts were stratified based on their molecular subtypes and previously established gene classifiers. The dose to control 50 % of tumours (TCD50) was compared between these groups. Using differential gene expression analyses combining xenograft and patient data, a gene signature was developed to define risk groups for the primary endpoint loco-regional control (LRC). RESULTS Tumours of mesenchymal subtype were characterized by a higher TCD50 (xenografts, p < 0.001) and lower LRC (patients, p < 0.001) compared to the other subtypes. Similar to previously published patient data, hypoxia- and radioresistance-related gene signatures were associated with high TCD50 values. A 2-gene signature (FN1, SERPINE1) was developed that was prognostic for TCD50 (xenografts, p < 0.001) and for patient outcome in independent validation (LRC: p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Genetic prognosticators of outcome for patients after PORT-C and subcutaneous xenografts after primary clinically relevant irradiation show similarity. The identified robust 2-gene signature may help to guide patient stratification, after prospective validation. Thus, xenografts remain a valuable resource for translational research towards the development of individualized radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Linge
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Shivaprasad Patil
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marianne Grosser
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Gurtner
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Kemper
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Gudziol
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominik Haim
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Nowak
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Inge Tinhofer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany; Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany; Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Guberina
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Balermpas
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Henning Schäfer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany; Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany; Translational Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany; Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steffi Pigorsch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany; Department of RadioOncology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany; Department of RadioOncology, Technische Universität München, Germany; Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institut für Innovative Radiotherapie (iRT), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Boeke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cihan Gani
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Tumour- and Normal Tissue Bank, University Cancer Centre (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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Abou Khouzam R, Janji B, Thiery J, Zaarour RF, Chamseddine AN, Mayr H, Savagner P, Kieda C, Gad S, Buart S, Lehn JM, Limani P, Chouaib S. Hypoxia as a potential inducer of immune tolerance, tumor plasticity and a driver of tumor mutational burden: Impact on cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:104-123. [PMID: 38029865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In cancer patients, immune cells are often functionally compromised due to the immunosuppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which contribute to the failures in cancer therapies. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that developing tumors adapt to the immunological environment and create a local microenvironment that impairs immune function by inducing immune tolerance and invasion. In this context, microenvironmental hypoxia, which is an established hallmark of solid tumors, significantly contributes to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance through the induction of tumor plasticity/heterogeneity and, more importantly, through the differentiation and expansion of immune-suppressive stromal cells. We and others have provided evidence indicating that hypoxia also drives genomic instability in cancer cells and interferes with DNA damage response and repair suggesting that hypoxia could be a potential driver of tumor mutational burden. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on how hypoxic stress in the TME impacts tumor angiogenesis, heterogeneity, plasticity, and immune resistance, with a special interest in tumor immunogenicity and hypoxia targeting. An integrated understanding of the complexity of the effect of hypoxia on the immune and microenvironmental components could lead to the identification of better adapted and more effective combinational strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Clearly, the discovery and validation of therapeutic targets derived from the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is of major importance and the identification of critical hypoxia-associated pathways could generate targets that are undeniably attractive for combined cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bassam Janji
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, 6A, rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg city, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ali N Chamseddine
- Gastroenterology Department, Cochin University Hospital, Université de Paris, APHP, Paris, France; Ambroise Paré - Hartmann Private Hospital Group, Oncology Unit, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Hemma Mayr
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Molecular Biophysics, UPR 4301 CNRS, 45071 Orleans, France; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sophie Gad
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres University (PSL), 75014 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 9019, Genome Integrity and Cancers, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Stéphanie Buart
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Perparim Limani
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Smith TAD, Lane B, More E, Valentine H, Lunj S, Abdelkarem OA, Irlam-Jones J, Shabbir R, Vora S, Denley H, Reeves KJ, Hoskin PJ, Choudhury A, West CML. Comparison of multiple gene expression platforms for measuring a bladder cancer hypoxia signature. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:261. [PMID: 35730624 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia status provides prognostic information and predicts response to hypoxia‑modifying treatments. A previous study by our group derived a 24‑gene signature to assess hypoxia in bladder cancer. The objectives of the present study were to compare platforms for generating signature scores, identify cut‑off values for prospective studies, assess intra‑tumour heterogeneity and confirm hypoxia relevance. Briefly, RNA was extracted from prospectively collected diagnostic biopsies of muscle invasive bladder cancer (51 patients), and gene expression was measured using customised Taqman Low Density Array (TLDA) cards, NanoString and Clariom S arrays. Cross‑platform transferability of the gene signature was assessed using regression and concordance analysis. The cut‑off values were the cohort median expression values. Intra‑ and inter‑tumour variability were determined in a retrospective patient cohort (n=51) with multiple blocks (2‑18) from the same tumour. To demonstrate relevance, bladder cancer cell lines were exposed to hypoxia (0.1% oxygen, 24 h), and extracted RNA was run on custom TLDA cards. Hypoxia scores (HS) values showed good agreement between platforms: Clariom S vs. TLDA (r=0.72, P<0.0001; concordance 73%); Clariom S vs. NanoString (r=0.84, P<0.0001; 78%); TLDA vs. NanoString (r=0.80, P<0.0001; 78%). Cut‑off values were 0.047 (TLDA), 7.328 (NanoString) and 6.667 (Clariom S). Intra‑tumour heterogeneity in gene expression and HS (coefficient of variation 3.9%) was less than inter‑tumour (7.9%) variability. HS values were higher in bladder cancer cells exposed to hypoxia compared with normoxia (P<0.02). In conclusion, the present study revealed that application of the 24‑gene bladder cancer hypoxia signature was platform agnostic, cut‑off values determined prospectively can be used in a clinical trial, intra‑tumour heterogeneity was low and the signature was sensitive to changes in oxygen levels in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A D Smith
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Brian Lane
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Elisabet More
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Helen Valentine
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Sapna Lunj
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Omneya A Abdelkarem
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - J Irlam-Jones
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Rekaya Shabbir
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Shrushti Vora
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Helen Denley
- Pathology Centre, Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury SY3 8XQ, UK
| | - Kimberley J Reeves
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Peter J Hoskin
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Catharine M L West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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