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Mehri A, Letafatkar A, Khosrokiani Z. Effects of Corrective Exercises on Posture, Pain, and Muscle Activation of Patients With Chronic Neck Pain Exposed to Anterior-Posterior Perturbation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020; 43:311-324. [PMID: 32723668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of corrective exercises on posture, pain, and muscle activation of patients with chronic neck pain exposed to anterior-posterior perturbation. METHODS A total of 32 women (37.76 ± 3.83 years) with chronic, nonspecific neck pain were randomized into corrective exercise and control groups. The experimental group underwent a corrective exercise program for 8 weeks, 30 min/d, 3 days per week. The control group received active self-exercise instructions. Neck pain, forward head and protracted shoulder posture, and timing of superficial neck muscle activation were evaluated using the visual analog scale, photogrammetry, and electromyogram, respectively, before and then 48 hours after the 8-week program for both the experimental and control groups. All measurements at pretest and posttest were taken by a blinded assessor. RESULTS Significant alterations were observed in cervical angle (P = .003, effect size = 0.329), shoulder angle (P = .008, effect size = 0.457), neck pain and disability (P = .009, effect size = 0.645), movement control (P = .038, effect size = 0.353), activation onset of the upper trapezius (P = .015, effect size = 0.746), the sternocleidomastoid (P = .018, effect size = 0.879) and cervical erector spinae (P = .031, effect size = 0.765), and the root mean square of the upper trapezius (P = .033, effect size = 0.742), the sternocleidomastoid (P = .041, effect size = 0.587), and the cervical erector spinae (P = .024, effect size = 0.832) in the intervention group from pre- to posttest (P < .05). CONCLUSION Positive and significant alterations have been observed in the forward head and protracted shoulder posture, the timing of superficial neck muscle activation, neck pain, and disability in female patients with chronic neck pain exposed to anterior-posterior perturbation after performing an 8-week corrective exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Mehri
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohre Khosrokiani
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Letafatkar A, Rabiei P, Alamooti G, Bertozzi L, Farivar N, Afshari M. Effect of therapeutic exercise routine on pain, disability, posture, and health status in dentists with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:281-290. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Daffin L, Stuelcken M, Sayers M. Internal and external sagittal craniovertebral alignment: A comparison between radiological and photogrammetric approaches in asymptomatic participants. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 43:12-17. [PMID: 31174181 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photogrammetric measures are a commonly applied, highly reliable tool for appraising craniovertebral postures during clinical assessments, rehabilitation, and research interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare and contrast three external measures of postural alignment (EMPA) using photogrammetric and radiological approaches, and to discuss whether the craniovertebral angle (CVA) reflects the shape of the underlying cervical spine. DESIGN Cross Sectional Correlation Study. METHOD Young adults attended three assessment sessions (S1, S2 and S3). S1 involved a standardised photogrammetric protocol. S2 involved radiographic image acquisition. S3 followed the same protocol in S1 but excluded the self-balancing procedure. Each session's EMPA were compared through either paired or independent samples t-tests. The different radiographic cervical subtypes and their corresponding CVAs were assessed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in any EMPA between the two photogrammetric sessions. The CVA was the only EMPA to show a significant difference between photogrammetric (S3) and radiographic approaches. Cervical subtype variability is present throughout the full CVA range. CONCLUSIONS Despite the statistically significant difference in the CVA between approaches, the mean difference was small and unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Accordingly, the quantification of EMPA can be undertaken with high levels of precision and reliability using standardised photogrammetric procedures. The CVA, however, does not provide an indication of the shape of the underlying cervical spine. The distinct radiological differences in the inter-segmental orientation of each vertebral motion segment in conjunction with the differences in the overall global cervical alignment, both within and between participants, negate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Daffin
- (a)Discipline of Psychology, Counselling, Exercise Science and Chiropractic (PESCC), Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia; School of Health and Sport Sciences, USC Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Max Stuelcken
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, USC Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Mark Sayers
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, USC Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, Queensland, Australia.
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Shiravi S, Letafatkar A, Bertozzi L, Pillastrini P, Khaleghi Tazji M. Efficacy of Abdominal Control Feedback and Scapula Stabilization Exercises in Participants With Forward Head, Round Shoulder Postures and Neck Movement Impairment. Sports Health 2019; 11:272-279. [PMID: 31013190 DOI: 10.1177/1941738119835223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signs and symptoms of impaired function of the musculoskeletal system may be targeted by treating dysfunction located elsewhere. HYPOTHESIS Abdominal control feedback and scapular stabilization exercise interventions would result in positive changes in pain intensity, strength, electromyography, and flexion-relaxation phenomena in women with forward head and round shoulder postures and neck movement impairment. STUDY DESIGN Pretest-posttest intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. METHODS A total of 135 women (aged 27.23 ± 1.9 years) with forward head and round shoulder postures were randomized to 3 groups. Group 1 received 6-week scapular stabilization exercises with abdominal control feedback (n = 45), group 2 received 6-week scapular stabilization exercises without abdominal control feedback (n = 45), and group 3 received active self-exercise as a control group (n = 45). Posture, pain, proprioception, strength, and electromyography were assessed before and after the interventions. RESULTS There were significant between-group differences in pain, proprioception, strength, and electromyography favoring group 1. There were significant within-group changes in posture, pain, proprioception, strength, and electromyography in both groups 1 and 2. No significant change was observed for muscle strength. CONCLUSION The addition of abdominal control feedback to the scapular stabilization exercises was shown to be superior to the scapular stabilization exercises alone for decreasing neck pain and restoring proper proprioception, strength, and electromyography in females with forward head and round shoulder postures and neck movement impairment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The addition of abdominal control feedback to scapular stabilization exercises is superior to scapular stabilization exercises alone on the neck for improving electromyography, strength, and function in females with forward head and round shoulder postures and neck movement impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Shiravi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Republic of Iran
| | - Lucia Bertozzi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pillastrini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Republic of Iran
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Ferracini GN, Chaves TC, Dach F, Bevilaqua-Grossi D, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Speciali JG. Analysis of the cranio-cervical curvatures in subjects with migraine with and without neck pain. Physiotherapy 2017; 103:392-399. [PMID: 28886864 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences in head and cervical spine alignment between subjects with migraine and healthy people. DESIGN A cross-sectional, observational study. PARTICIPANTS Fifty subjects with migraine and 50 matched healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The presence of neck pain and neck pain-related disability was assessed. Four angles (high cervical angle, low cervical angle, atlas plane angle and cervical lordosis Cobb angle) as well as four distances (anterior translation distance, C0 to C1 distance, C2 to C7 posterior translation and hyoid triangle) were calculated using digitalised radiographs and analysed using K-Pacs® software. RESULTS Subjects with migraine reported a longer history of neck pain symptoms, and higher pain intensity and neck-pain-related disability than controls (P<0.01). Patients exhibited a smaller anterior translation distance (mean difference: 4.9mm, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 8.8; P<0.001) and hyoid triangle (difference: 3.0mm, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 5.0; P=0.02) than healthy controls. When the presence or the absence of neck pain was included in the analysis, the differences did not change. Differences in anterior translation and hyoid triangle distances were considered clinically relevant for subjects with migraine suffering from neck pain. CONCLUSION Subjects with migraine exhibited straightening of cervical lordosis curvature. The presence of neck pain did not influence head posture in subjects with and without migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Natália Ferracini
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thais Cristina Chaves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-FMRP-USP, Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Dach
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-FMRP-USP, Responsible for the Headache and Craniofacial Pain Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Bevilaqua-Grossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-FMRP-USP, Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José Geraldo Speciali
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mani S, Sharma S, Omar B, Ahmad K, Muniandy Y, Singh DKA. Quantitative measurements of forward head posture in a clinical settings: a technical feasibility study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2017.1296888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shobha Sharma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Baharuddin Omar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kartini Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yughdtheswari Muniandy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Daffin L, Stuelcken MC, Sayers MGL. The efficacy of sagittal cervical spine subtyping: Investigating radiological classification methods within 150 asymptomatic participants. JOURNAL OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION AND SPINE 2017; 8:231-238. [PMID: 29021674 PMCID: PMC5634109 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_84_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study is to (1) compare and contrast cervical subtype classification methods within an asymptomatic population, and (2) identify inter-methodological consistencies and describe examples of inconsistencies that have the potential to affect subtype classification and clinical decision-making. Methods: A total of 150 asymptomatic 18–30-year-old participants met the strict inclusion criteria. An erect neutral lateral radiograph was obtained using standard procedures. The Centroid, modified Takeshima/Herbst methods and the relative rotation angles in cases of nonagreement were used to determine subtype classifications. Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was used to assess the level of agreement between the two methods. Results: Nonlordotic classifications represented 66% of the cohort. Subtype classification identified the cohort as, lordosis (51), straight (37), global kyphosis (30), sigmoidal (13), and reverse sigmoidal (RS) (19). Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated that there was only a moderate level of agreement between methods (κ = 0.531). Methodological agreement tended to be higher within the lordotic and global kyphotic subtypes whereas, straight, sigmoidal, and RS subtypes demonstrated less agreement. Conclusion: This is the first study of its type to compare and contrast cervical classification methods. Subtypes displaying predominantly extended or flexed segments demonstrated higher levels of agreement. Our findings highlight the need for establishing a standardized multi-method approach to classify sagittal cervical subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Daffin
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Max C Stuelcken
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark G L Sayers
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI. Effects of a Resistance and Stretching Training Program on Forward Head and Protracted Shoulder Posture in Adolescents. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2017; 40:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. BACKGROUND Previous studies have assessed forward head posture in patients with migraine using photographs. To date, no study has compared postural differences using both radiographs and photographs. OBJECTIVE To determine the differences in head extension posture between women with migraine and healthy women assessed with radiographic and photographic measures. METHODS Thirty-three women (mean ± SD age, 32 ± 11.3 years) with migraine and 33 matched controls (age, 33 ± 12.6 years) participated. Radiographs were used to measure the high cervical angle (HCA), the angle between the most inferior line from the occipital surface to the posterior portion of C1 and the posterior surface of the odontoid process of C2, and the vertical distance between C0 and C1 (C0-C1). Photographs and commercially available software were used to assess the craniovertebral angle (CVA). RESULTS None of the outcomes differed significantly between women with migraine and control participants. Outcomes for women with migraine were HCA, 66.1° (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64.2°, 68.1°); CVA, 46.1° (95% CI: 45.0°, 47.1°); and C0-C1, 8.5 mm (95% CI: 7.7, 9.2). Outcomes for the control group were HCA, 67.9° (95% CI: 66.5°, 69.3°); CVA, 44.5° (95% CI: 43.2°, 45.7°); and C0-C1, 8.7 mm (95% CI: 7.9, 9.4). Relationships between the frequency (r = -0.42, P = .01, R (2) = 10%) of migraine and the HCA were found. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that women with migraine did not exhibit forward head posture compared to women with no history of headache in either radiographic or photographic postural analysis. However, there was a weak association of the frequency of migraine attacks with a variation in the HCA as assessed by radiographs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Differential diagnosis/symptom prevalence, level 4.
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López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, Beltran-Alacreu H, Paris-Alemany A, Angulo-Díaz-Parreño S, La Touche R. Relationships between craniocervical posture and pain-related disability in patients with cervico-craniofacial pain. J Pain Res 2015; 8:449-58. [PMID: 26261425 PMCID: PMC4527574 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s84668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This cross-sectional correlation study explored the relationships between craniocervical posture and pain-related disability in patients with chronic cervico-craniofacial pain (CCFP). Moreover, we investigated the test–retest intrarater reliability of two craniocervical posture measurements: head posture (HP) and the sternomental distance (SMD). Methods Fifty-three asymptomatic subjects and 60 CCFP patients were recruited. One rater measured HP and the SMD using a cervical range of motion device and a digital caliper, respectively. The Spanish versions of the neck disability index and the craniofacial pain and disability inventory were used to assess pain-related disability (neck disability and craniofacial disability, respectively). Results We found no statistically significant correlations between craniocervical posture and pain-related disability variables (HP and neck disability [r=0.105; P>0.05]; HP and craniofacial disability [r=0.132; P>0.05]; SMD and neck disability [r=0.126; P>0.05]; SMD and craniofacial disability [r=0.195; P>0.05]). A moderate positive correlation was observed between HP and SMD for both groups (asymptomatic subjects, r=0.447; CCFP patients, r=0.52). Neck disability was strongly positively correlated with craniofacial disability (r=0.79; P<0.001). The test–retest intrarater reliability of the HP measurement was high for asymptomatic subjects and CCFP patients (intraclass correlation coefficients =0.93 and 0.81, respectively) and for SMD (intra-class correlation coefficient range between 0.76 and 0.99); the test–retest intrarater reliability remained high when evaluated 9 days later. The HP standard error of measurement range was 0.54–0.75 cm, and the minimal detectable change was 1.27–1.74 cm. The SMD standard error of measurement was 2.75–6.24 mm, and the minimal detectable change was 6.42–14.55 mm. Independent t-tests showed statistically significant differences between the asymptomatic individuals and CCFP patients for measures of craniocervical posture, but these differences were very small (mean difference =1.44 cm for HP; 6.24 mm for SMD). The effect sizes reached by these values were estimated to be small for SMD (d=0.38) and medium for HP (d=0.76). Conclusion The results showed no statistically significant correlations between craniocervical posture and variables of pain-related disability, but a strong correlation between the two variables of disability was found. Our findings suggest that small differences between CCFP patients and asymptomatic subjects exist with respect to the two measurements used to assess craniocervical posture (HP and SMD), and these measures demonstrated high test–retest intrarater reliability for both CCFP patients and asymptomatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Beltran-Alacreu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Paris-Alemany
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Angulo-Díaz-Parreño
- Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain ; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roy La Touche
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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Coleman RR, Cremata EJ, Lopes MA, Suttles RA, Fairbanks VR. Exploratory evaluation of the effect of axial rotation, focal film distance and measurement methods on the magnitude of projected lumbar retrolisthesis on plain film radiographs. J Chiropr Med 2014; 13:247-59. [PMID: 25435838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the amount of error in retrolisthesis measurement due to measurement methods or projection factors inherent in spinal radiography. In addition, this study compared how accurately these methods determine positions of the lumbar vertebrae being studied and the expected projected size of the retrolisthesis. METHODS Vertebral models were situated in a retrolisthesis position. Radiographs of the models were obtained in positive and negative y-axis rotations at 40- and 84-in focal film distances. The projected retrolisthesis was measured using the Gohl, Iguchi, and Lopes methods. RESULTS At the 40-in focal film distance, the Iguchi method and Lopes methods were significantly more accurate than the Gohl method. At the 84-in focal film distance, the Lopes method was significantly more accurate than the Gohl method. Almost all measurements overestimated both the actual amount of retrolisthesis as well as the amount of trigonometrically calculated retrolisthesis that should have been present on the radiographs. Findings suggest that measurements were less accurate with vertebrae rotated more than 10°. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that lumbar vertebral rotation, focal film distance, and measurement methods are potential sources of error in retrolisthesis measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R Coleman
- Director of Research, Gonstead Clinical Studies Society, Othello, WA
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Gadotti IC, Armijo-Olivo S, Silveira A, Magee D. Reliability of the Craniocervical Posture Assessment: Visual and Angular Measurements Using Photographs and Radiographs. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2013; 36:619-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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