1
|
Stark LE, Guan W, Colvin ME, LiWang PJ. The binding and specificity of chemokine binding proteins, through the lens of experiment and computation. Biomed J 2021; 45:439-453. [PMID: 34311129 PMCID: PMC9421921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small proteins that are critical for immune function, being primarily responsible for the activation and chemotaxis of leukocytes. As such, many viruses, as well as parasitic arthropods, have evolved systems to counteract chemokine function in order to maintain virulence, such as binding chemokines, mimicking chemokines, or producing analogs of transmembrane chemokine receptors that strongly bind their targets. The focus of this review is the large group of chemokine binding proteins (CBP) with an emphasis on those produced by mammalian viruses. Because many chemokines mediate inflammation, these CBP could possibly be used pharmaceutically as anti-inflammatory agents. In this review, we summarize the structural properties of a diverse set of CBP and describe in detail the chemokine binding properties of the poxvirus-encoded CBP called vCCI (viral CC Chemokine Inhibitor). Finally, we describe the current and emerging capabilities of combining computational simulation, structural analysis, and biochemical/biophysical experimentation to understand, and possibly re-engineer, protein–protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Stark
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343
| | - Wenyan Guan
- Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343
| | - Michael E Colvin
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343
| | - Patricia J LiWang
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343; Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Strickland MR, Ibanez KR, Yaroshenko M, Diaz CC, Borchelt DR, Chakrabarty P. IL-10 based immunomodulation initiated at birth extends lifespan in a familial mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20862. [PMID: 33257786 PMCID: PMC7705692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling is thought to modulate the neurodegenerative cascade in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have previously shown that expression of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a classical anti-inflammatory cytokine, extends lifespan in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of familial ALS. Here we test whether co-expression of the decoy chemokine receptor M3, that can scavenge inflammatory chemokines, augments the efficacy of IL-10. We found that recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of IL-10, alone, or in combination with M3, resulted in modest extension of lifespan relative to control SOD1-G93A cohort. Interestingly neither AAV-M3 alone nor AAV-IL-10 + AAV-M3 extend survival beyond that of the AAV-IL-10 alone cohort. Focused transcriptomic analysis revealed induction of innate immunity and phagocytotic pathways in presymptomatic SOD1-G93A mice expressing IL-10 + M3 or IL-10 alone. Further, while IL-10 expression increased microglial burden, the IL-10 + M3 group showed lower microglial burden, suggesting that M3 can successfully lower microgliosis before disease onset. Our data demonstrates that over-expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine and a decoy chemokine receptor can modulate inflammatory processes in SOD1-G93A mice, modestly delaying the age to paralysis. This suggests that multiple inflammatory pathways can be targeted simultaneously in neurodegenerative disease and supports consideration of adapting these approaches to treatment of ALS and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Strickland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MN, USA
| | - Kristen R Ibanez
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mariya Yaroshenko
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carolina Ceballos Diaz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yaron JR, Zhang L, Guo Q, Awo EA, Burgin M, Schutz LN, Zhang N, Kilbourne J, Daggett-Vondras J, Lowe KM, Lucas AR. Recombinant Myxoma Virus-Derived Immune Modulator M-T7 Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing and Improves Tissue Remodeling. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1003. [PMID: 33105865 PMCID: PMC7690590 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex dermal wounds represent major medical and financial burdens, especially in the context of comorbidities such as diabetes, infection and advanced age. New approaches to accelerate and improve, or "fine tune" the healing process, so as to improve the quality of cutaneous wound healing and management, are the focus of intense investigation. Here, we investigate the topical application of a recombinant immune modulating protein which inhibits the interactions of chemokines with glycosaminoglycans, reducing damaging or excess inflammation responses in a splinted full-thickness excisional wound model in mice. M-T7 is a 37 kDa-secreted, virus-derived glycoprotein that has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in numerous animal models of inflammatory immunopathology. Topical treatment with recombinant M-T7 significantly accelerated wound healing when compared to saline treatment alone. Healed wounds exhibited properties of improved tissue remodeling, as determined by collagen maturation. M-T7 treatment accelerated the rate of peri-wound angiogenesis in the healing wounds with increased levels of TNF, VEGF and CD31. The immune cell response after M-T7 treatment was associated with a retention of CCL2 levels, and increased abundances of arginase-1-expressing M2 macrophages and CD4 T cells. Thus, topical treatment with recombinant M-T7 promotes a pro-resolution environment in healing wounds, and has potential as a novel treatment approach for cutaneous tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.R.Y.); (Q.G.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.R.Y.); (Q.G.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Qiuyun Guo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.R.Y.); (Q.G.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Enkidia A. Awo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.R.Y.); (Q.G.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Michelle Burgin
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.R.Y.); (Q.G.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Lauren N. Schutz
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.R.Y.); (Q.G.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nathan Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.R.Y.); (Q.G.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Department of Animal Care and Technologies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.K.); (J.D.-V.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Juliane Daggett-Vondras
- Department of Animal Care and Technologies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.K.); (J.D.-V.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Kenneth M. Lowe
- Department of Animal Care and Technologies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.K.); (J.D.-V.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (J.R.Y.); (Q.G.); (E.A.A.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (N.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yaron JR, Zhang L, Guo Q, Burgin M, Schutz LN, Awo E, Wise L, Krause KL, Ildefonso CJ, Kwiecien JM, Juby M, Rahman MM, Chen H, Moyer RW, Alcami A, McFadden G, Lucas AR. Deriving Immune Modulating Drugs from Viruses-A New Class of Biologics. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E972. [PMID: 32244484 PMCID: PMC7230489 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are widely used as a platform for the production of therapeutics. Vaccines containing live, dead and components of viruses, gene therapy vectors and oncolytic viruses are key examples of clinically-approved therapeutic uses for viruses. Despite this, the use of virus-derived proteins as natural sources for immune modulators remains in the early stages of development. Viruses have evolved complex, highly effective approaches for immune evasion. Originally developed for protection against host immune responses, viral immune-modulating proteins are extraordinarily potent, often functioning at picomolar concentrations. These complex viral intracellular parasites have "performed the R&D", developing highly effective immune evasive strategies over millions of years. These proteins provide a new and natural source for immune-modulating therapeutics, similar in many ways to penicillin being developed from mold or streptokinase from bacteria. Virus-derived serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), chemokine modulating proteins, complement control, inflammasome inhibition, growth factors (e.g., viral vascular endothelial growth factor) and cytokine mimics (e.g., viral interleukin 10) and/or inhibitors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor) have now been identified that target central immunological response pathways. We review here current development of virus-derived immune-modulating biologics with efficacy demonstrated in pre-clinical or clinical studies, focusing on pox and herpesviruses-derived immune-modulating therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Qiuyun Guo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Michelle Burgin
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Lauren N. Schutz
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Enkidia Awo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Lyn Wise
- University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (L.W.); (K.L.K.)
| | - Kurt L. Krause
- University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (L.W.); (K.L.K.)
| | | | - Jacek M. Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Michael Juby
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Masmudur M. Rahman
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Hao Chen
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Richard W. Moyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Antonio Alcami
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (J.R.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.); (M.B.); (L.N.S.); (E.A.); (M.J.)
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (G.M.)
- St Joseph Hospital, Dignity Health, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Šebová R, Bauerová-Hlinková V, Beck K, Nemčovičová I, Bauer J, Kúdelová M. Residue Mutations in Murine Herpesvirus 68 Immunomodulatory Protein M3 Reveal Specific Modulation of Chemokine Binding. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:210. [PMID: 31293981 PMCID: PMC6603146 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The M3 protein (M3) encoded by murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) is a unique viral immunomodulator with a high-affinity for a broad spectrum of chemokines, key mediators responsible for the migration of immune cells to sites of inflammation. M3 is currently being studied as a very attractive and desirable tool for blocking the chemokine signaling involved in some inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this study, we elucidated the role of M3 residues E70 and T272 in binding to chemokines by examining the effects of the E70A and T272G mutations on the ability of recombinant M3, prepared in Escherichia coli cells, to bind the human chemokines CCL5 and CXCL8. We found that the E70A mutation enhanced binding of M3 to CCL5 two-fold but had little effect on its binding to CXCL8. In contrast, the T272G mutation was found to be important for the thermal stability of M3 and significantly decreased M3's binding to both CCL5 (by about 4×) and CXCL8 (by about 5×). We also constructed in silico models of the wild-type M3–CCL5 and M3–CCL8 complexes and found substantial differences in their physical and chemical properties. M3 models with single mutation E70A and T272G suggested the role of E70 and T272 in binding M3 protein to chemokines. In sum, we have confirmed that site-directed mutagenesis could be an effective tool for modulating the blockade of particular chemokines by M3, as desired in therapeutic treatments for severe inflammatory illnesses arising from chemokine network dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Šebová
- Department of Viral Immunology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladena Bauerová-Hlinková
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Konrad Beck
- Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Nemčovičová
- Department of Viral Immunology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jacob Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Kúdelová
- Department of Viral Immunology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
White GE, Iqbal AJ, Greaves DR. CC chemokine receptors and chronic inflammation--therapeutic opportunities and pharmacological challenges. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:47-89. [PMID: 23300131 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of low molecular weight proteins with an essential role in leukocyte trafficking during both homeostasis and inflammation. The CC class of chemokines consists of at least 28 members (CCL1-28) that signal through 10 known chemokine receptors (CCR1-10). CC chemokine receptors are expressed predominantly by T cells and monocyte-macrophages, cell types associated predominantly with chronic inflammation occurring over weeks or years. Chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome are characterized by continued leukocyte infiltration into the inflammatory site, driven in large part by excessive chemokine production. Over years or decades, persistent inflammation may lead to loss of tissue architecture and function, causing severe disability or, in the case of atherosclerosis, fatal outcomes such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Despite the existence of several clinical strategies for targeting chronic inflammation, these diseases remain significant causes of morbidity and mortality globally, with a concomitant economic impact. Thus, the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease continues to be a priority. In this review we introduce CC chemokine receptors as critical mediators of chronic inflammatory responses and explore their potential role as pharmacological targets. We discuss functions of individual CC chemokine receptors based on in vitro pharmacological data as well as transgenic animal studies. Focusing on three key forms of chronic inflammation--rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome--we describe the pathologic function of CC chemokine receptors and their possible relevance as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E White
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|