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Dustin E, Suarez-Pozos E, Stotesberry C, Qiu S, Palavicini JP, Han X, Dupree JL. Compromised Myelin and Axonal Molecular Organization Following Adult-Onset Sulfatide Depletion. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1431. [PMID: 37239102 PMCID: PMC10216104 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, or sulfatide, is a prominent myelin glycosphingolipid reduced in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), indicating that sulfatide reduction precedes demyelination. Using a mouse model that is constitutively depleted of sulfatide, we previously demonstrated that sulfatide is essential during development for the establishment and maintenance of myelin and axonal integrity and for the stable tethering of certain myelin proteins in the sheath. Here, using an adult-onset depletion model of sulfatide, we employ a combination of ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches to analyze the consequence of sulfatide depletion from the adult CNS. Our findings show a progressive loss of axonal protein domain organization, which is accompanied by axonal degeneration, with myelin sparing. Similar to our previous work, we also observe differential myelin protein anchoring stabilities that are both sulfatide dependent and independent. Most notably, stable anchoring of neurofascin155, a myelin paranodal protein that binds the axonal paranodal complex of contactin/Caspr1, requires sulfatide. Together, our findings show that adult-onset sulfatide depletion, independent of demyelination, is sufficient to trigger progressive axonal degeneration. Although the pathologic mechanism is unknown, we propose that sulfatide is required for maintaining myelin organization and subsequent myelin-axon interactions and disruptions in these interactions results in compromised axon structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dustin
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA; (E.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA
| | - Edna Suarez-Pozos
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA; (E.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA
| | - Camryn Stotesberry
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Shulan Qiu
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dupree
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA; (E.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA
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Brown C, McKee C, Halassy S, Kojan S, Feinstein DL, Chaudhry GR. Neural stem cells derived from primitive mesenchymal stem cells reversed disease symptoms and promoted neurogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:499. [PMID: 34503569 PMCID: PMC8427882 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS affects millions of people and causes a great economic and societal burden. There is no cure for MS. We used a novel approach to investigate the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human primitive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Methods MSCs were differentiated into NSCs, labeled with PKH26, and injected into the tail vein of EAE mice. Neurobehavioral changes in the mice assessed the effect of transplanted cells on the disease process. The animals were sacrificed two weeks following cell transplantation to collect blood, lymphatic, and CNS tissues for analysis. Transplanted cells were tracked in various tissues by flow cytometry. Immune infiltrates were determined and characterized by H&E and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Levels of immune regulatory cells, Treg and Th17, were analyzed by flow cytometry. Myelination was determined by Luxol fast blue staining and immunostaining. In vivo fate of transplanted cells and expression of inflammation, astrogliosis, myelination, neural, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis markers were investigated by using immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analysis.
Results MSC-derived NSCs expressed specific neural markers, NESTIN, TUJ1, VIMENTIN, and PAX6. NSCs improved EAE symptoms more than MSCs when transplanted in EAE mice. Post-transplantation analyses also showed homing of MSCs and NSCs into the CNS with concomitant induction of an anti-inflammatory response, resulting in reducing immune infiltrates. NSCs also modulated Treg and Th17 cell levels in EAE mice comparable to healthy controls. Luxol fast blue staining showed significant improvement in myelination in treated mice. Further analysis showed that NSCs upregulated genes involved in myelination and neuroprotection but downregulated inflammatory and astrogliosis genes more significantly than MSCs. Importantly, NSCs differentiated into neural derivatives and promoted neurogenesis, possibly by modulating BDNF and FGF signaling pathways. Conclusions NSC transplantation reversed the disease process by inducing an anti-inflammatory response and promoting myelination, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis in EAE disease animals. These promising results provide a basis for clinical studies to treat MS using NSCs derived from primitive MSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02563-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Sophia Halassy
- Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, 48075, USA
| | - Suleiman Kojan
- Department of Neuroscience, OUWB School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Doug L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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Abstract
Nutrient content and nutrient timing are considered key regulators of human health and a variety of diseases and involve complex interactions with the mucosal immune system. In particular, the innate immune system is emerging as an important signaling hub that modulates the response to nutritional signals, in part via signaling through the gut microbiota. In this review we elucidate emerging evidence that interactions between innate immunity and diet affect human metabolic health and disease, including cardiometabolic disorders, allergic diseases, autoimmune disorders, infections, and cancers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential modulatory effects of the gut microbiota on interactions between the immune system and nutrition in health and disease, namely how it relays nutritional signals to the innate immune system under specific physiological contexts. Finally, we identify key open questions and challenges to comprehensively understanding the intersection between nutrition and innate immunity and how potential nutritional, immune, and microbial therapeutics may be developed into promising future avenues of precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Niv Zmora
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases and Internal Medicine Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Cancer-Microbiome Research Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Dietary influence on central nervous system myelin production, injury, and regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Valburg C, Sonti A, Stern JN, Najjar S, Harel A. Dietary factors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review. Mult Scler 2020; 27:494-502. [PMID: 32406797 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520923955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intervention in multiple sclerosis carries potential therapeutic implications. While studies utilizing animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) have demonstrated intriguing findings, well-designed clinical trials are few in number. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to review the animal model and clinical literature regarding dietary factors in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and MS. METHODS This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of current animal model and clinical knowledge related to dietary factors in MS. RESULTS While there is currently little data for any specific diet in MS, there is growing evidence that certain dietary factors may influence the disease. CONCLUSIONS Definitive information regarding dietary factors as a modifiable risk factor in MS will require larger randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Valburg
- Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anup Sonti
- Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Nh Stern
- Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA/Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA/Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Souhel Najjar
- Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA/Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA/Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asaff Harel
- Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA/Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA/Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Shaw GA, Dupree JL, Neigh GN. Adolescent maturation of the prefrontal cortex: Role of stress and sex in shaping adult risk for compromise. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12626. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys A. Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia
| | - Jeffrey L. Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia
- Research ServiceHunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Richmond Virginia
| | - Gretchen N. Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia
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MR g-ratio-weighted connectome analysis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13522. [PMID: 31534143 PMCID: PMC6751178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a brain network disconnection syndrome. Although the brain network topology in MS has been evaluated using diffusion MRI tractography, the mechanism underlying disconnection in the disorder remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the brain network topology in MS using connectomes with connectivity strengths based on the ratio of the inner to outer myelinated axon diameter (i.e., g-ratio), thereby providing enhanced sensitivity to demyelination compared with the conventional measures of connectivity. We mapped g-ratio-based connectomes in 14 patients with MS and compared them with those of 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. For comparison, probabilistic tractography was also used to map connectomes based on the number of streamlines (NOS). We found that g-ratio- and NOS-based connectomes comprised significant connectivity reductions in patients with MS, predominantly in the motor, somatosensory, visual, and limbic regions. However, only the g-ratio-based connectome enabled detection of significant increases in nodal strength in patients with MS. Finally, we found that the g-ratio-weighted nodal strength in motor, visual, and limbic regions significantly correlated with inter-individual variation in measures of disease severity. The g-ratio-based connectome can serve as a sensitive biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression.
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Fan Y, Zhang J. Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota: Future Opportunities in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:740. [PMID: 31040833 PMCID: PMC6476896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies on MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have shown that the composition and abundance of microbes in the intestinal microbiota are an environmental risk factor for the development of MS and EAE. Changes in certain microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract can cause MS in humans, but MS inflammation can be reduced or even prevented by introducing other commensal microbes that produce beneficial metabolites. Other risk factors for MS include the presence of an altered gut physiology and the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system. Metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, are the primary signaling molecules produced by the intestinal microbiota that interact with the host immune system, suggesting an association between MS pathophysiology and gut microbiota. In addition, several host microRNAs present in the gut have been found to interact with the intestinal microbial community, these interactions may indirectly affect the neurological system. Increasing evidence has shown that regulation of the intestinal microbiota is an important approach for reducing MS inflammation. Thus, here we review the use of diet to alter the gut microbiota and its application in the treatment and prevention of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Moutal A, Kalinin S, Kowal K, Marangoni N, Dupree J, Lin SX, Lis K, Lisi L, Hensley K, Khanna R, Feinstein DL. Neuronal Conditional Knockout of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 Ameliorates Disease Severity in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2019; 11:1759091419892090. [PMID: 31795726 PMCID: PMC6893573 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419892090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that treatment with lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester (LKE) reduced disease severity and axonal damage in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis and increased neuronal maturation and survival in vitro . A major target of LKE is collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), suggesting this protein may mediate LKE actions. We now show that conditional knockout of CRMP2 from neurons using a CamK2a promoter to drive Cre recombinase expression reduces disease severity in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 EAE model, associated with decreased spinal cord axonal damage, and less glial activation in the cerebellum, but not the spinal cord. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction show CRMP2 depletion from descending motor neurons in the motor cortex, but not from spinal cord neurons, suggesting that the benefits of CRMP2 depletion on EAE may stem from effects on upper motor neurons. In addition, mice in which CRMP2 S522 phosphorylation was prevented by substitution for an alanine residue also showed reduced EAE severity. These results show that modification of CRMP2 expression and phosphorylation can influence the course of EAE and suggests that treatment with CRMP2 modulators such as LKE act in part by reducing CRMP2 S522 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kinga Lis
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome,
Italy
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith,
AR, USA
| | | | - Douglas L. Feinstein
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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