Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Tunisian population

SNP-SNP positive interaction between MMP2 and MMP12 increases the risk of COPD

Determining SNP-SNP interaction of the disease has become important for further investigation of pathogenesis and experimental research. Although many studies have been published on the effect of MMPs gene polymorphisms on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a lack of information on SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between the polymorphisms of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP12 genes and its combined effect with smoking on the risk of developing COPD. Totally 181 COPD patients and 292 healthy individuals were involved. Blood samples from the participants were tested for genotyping and data were collected through questionnaires. Genotyping was performed with nested allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions were investigated using multifactor dimensionality reduction and logistic regression analysis. The result showed that participants with high nicotine dependence and heavy smokers had a higher risk of COPD than non-smokers. Also, G/G genotype (cOR = 5.83; 95% CI, 1.19-28.4, p = 0.029) of MMP2 rs243864 and T/T genotype (cOR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.16-2.76, p = 0.008) of MMP12 rs652438 independently contributes to the susceptibility of COPD. For SNP-SNP interaction, the positive interaction between rs243864 G/G genotype of MMP2 and rs652438 T/T genotype of MMP12 was found, and the combination of risk genotypes has a high risk of COPD (OR = 12.92; 95% CI, 1.46-114.4, p = 0.021). Moreover, the combination of T/T genotype of MMP12 rs652438 and smoking-related factors increases the risk of COPD approximately 4.5 to 6-fold. The results suggests that there is a combination of MMP2, MMP12, and smoking-related factors may increase the risk of developing COPD.

MMP9 SNP and MMP SNP-SNP interactions increase the risk for ischemic stroke in the Han Hakka population

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the association of eight variants of four matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes with ischemic stroke (IS) and whether interactions among these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) increases the risk of IS.

METHODS

Among 547 patients with ischemic stroke and 350 controls, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used to examine eight variants arising from four different genes, including MMP-1 (rs1799750), MMP-2 (rs243865, rs2285053, rs2241145), MMP-9 (rs17576), and MMP-12 (rs660599, rs2276109, and rs652438). Gene-gene interactions were employed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods.

RESULTS

The frequency of rs17576 was significantly higher in IS patients than in controls (p = .033). Logistic regression analysis revealed the AG and GG genotypes of rs17576 to be associated with a higher risk for IS, with the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval being 2.490 (1.251-4.959) and 2.494 (1.274-4.886), respectively. GMDR analysis showed a significant SNP-SNP interaction between rs17576 and rs660599 (the testing balanced accuracy was 53.70% and cross-validation consistency was 8/10, p = .0107). Logistic regression analysis showed the interaction between rs17576 and rs660599 to be an independent risk factor for IS with an odds ratio of 1.568 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.152-2.135.

CONCLUSION

An MMP-9 rs17576 polymorphism is associated with increased IS risk in the Han Hakka population and interaction between MMP-9 rs17576 and MMP-12 rs660599 is associated with increased IS risk as well.

The 1G/1G+1G/2G Genotypes of MMP1 rs1799750 Are Associated with Higher Levels of MMP-1 and Are Both Associated with Lipodystrophy in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy

In HIV-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated to adipose tissue redistribution known as lipodystrophy (LD). This study aimed at verifying the association between the polymorphism of the MMP1 gene (rs1799750) (1G/2G) and the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) with LD and its subtypes in people living with HIV on ART. This is a cross-secional study. LD was self-reported. The determination of the MMP1 rs1799750 gene polymorphism was performed by real-time PCR, and the serum concentrations of MMP-1 were quantified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Of 404 participants, 204 (51%) were diagnosed with LD, of whom 89 (43%) had mixed lipodystrophy (ML), 72 (35%) had lipohypertrophy (LH), and 43 (22%) had lipoatrophy (LA). There was an association between the genotypes 1G/1G+1G/2G and higher serum levels of MMP-1 (p = .025). There was no association of MMP1 (1G/2G) with LD. Other factors associated with LD were current CD4 ≤ 350 [odds ratio (OR) = 4.85, confidence interval (CI) = 1.78-47.99, p = .0033] and serum MMP-1 levels >6.81 (OR = 2.67, CI = 1.21-6.08, p = .0165). Factors associated with ML: current CD4 ≤ 350 (OR = 5.59, CI = 1.69-20.39, p = .006); with LH: number of antiretroviral regimens used: 2 (OR = 2.06, CI = 1.01-4.20, p = .0460) and 3+ (OR = 2.09, CI = 1.00-4.35, p = .0477), and current CD4 ≤ 350 (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.00-4.24, p = .0461); and with LA: current viral load >40 (OR = 2.52, CI = 1.03-5.91, p = .0372) and current use of zidovudine (OR = 2.97, CI = 1.32-6.54, p = .0074). Higher levels of MMP-1 were associated with genotypes 1G/2G+1G/1G and with LD. Other individual risk factors were independently associated with LD, and its subtypes, suggesting that the pathogenesis itself is differently manifested for each type of LD.

Stroke in Africa: profile, progress, prospects and priorities

Stroke is a leading cause of disability, dementia and death worldwide. Approximately 70% of deaths from stroke and 87% of stroke-related disability occur in low-income and middle-income countries. At the turn of the century, the most common diseases in Africa were communicable diseases, whereas non-communicable diseases, including stroke, were considered rare, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, evidence indicates that, today, Africa could have up to 2-3-fold greater rates of stroke incidence and higher stroke prevalence than western Europe and the USA. In Africa, data published within the past decade show that stroke has an annual incidence rate of up to 316 per 100,000, a prevalence of up to 1,460 per 100,000 and a 3-year fatality rate greater than 80%. Moreover, many Africans have a stroke within the fourth to sixth decades of life, with serious implications for the individual, their family and society. This age profile is particularly important as strokes in younger people tend to result in a greater loss of self-worth and socioeconomic productivity than in older individuals. Emerging insights from research into stroke epidemiology, genetics, prevention, care and outcomes offer great prospects for tackling the growing burden of stroke on the continent. In this article, we review the unique profile of stroke in Africa and summarize current knowledge on stroke epidemiology, genetics, prevention, acute care, rehabilitation, outcomes, cost of care and awareness. We also discuss knowledge gaps, emerging priorities and future directions of stroke medicine for the more than 1 billion people who live in Africa.

Dataset of allele and genotype frequencies of the three functionally significant polymorphisms of the MMP genes in Russian patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, essential hypertension and peptic ulcer

Data on the allele and genotype frequencies of the three functionally significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) genes (rs1799750 MMP1, rs3918242 and rs17576 MMP9) in Russian patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), essential hypertension (EH) and peptic ulcer (PU) are presented. Association studies identified these SNPs as possible significant markers associated with many multifactorial disorders, including POAG, EH, and PU. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the three SNPs in Russian patients with POAG, EH, and PU were presented separately for the entire study sample, females, and males, respectively. The data can be used as a reference for the Russian population.

Angiogenesis-Related Genes in Endothelial Progenitor Cells May Be Involved in Sickle Cell Stroke

Background The clinical aspects of sickle cell anemia (SCA) are heterogeneous, and different patients may present significantly different clinical evolutions. Almost all organs can be affected, particularly the central nervous system. Transient ischemic events, infarcts, and cerebral hemorrhage can be observed and affect ≈25% of the patients with SCA. Differences in the expression of molecules produced by endothelial cells may be associated with the clinical heterogeneity of patients affected by vascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the differential expression of genes involved in endothelial cell biology in SCA patients with and without stroke. Methods and Results Endothelial progenitor cells from 4 SCA patients with stroke and 6 SCA patients without stroke were evaluated through the polymerase chain reaction array technique. The analysis of gene expression profiling identified 29 differentially expressed genes. Eleven of these genes were upregulated, and most were associated with angiogenesis (55%), inflammatory response (18%), and coagulation (18%) pathways. Downregulated expression was observed in 18 genes, with the majority associated with angiogenesis (28%), apoptosis (28%), and cell adhesion (22%) pathways. Remarkable overexpression of the MMP1 (matrix metalloproteinase 1) gene in the endothelial progenitor cells of all SCA patients with stroke (fold change: 204.64; P=0.0004) was observed. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that angiogenesis is an important process in sickle cell stroke, and differences in the gene expression profile of endothelial cell biology, especially MMP1, may be related to stroke in SCA patients.

Association between matrix metalloproteinase family gene polymorphisms and risk of ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 studies

BACKGROUND

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a complex and devastating vascular disease that has become one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Several studies have shown the association between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family gene polymorphisms and IS. However, the results have been indecisive.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association between Matrix Metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms and risk of IS.

METHODS

A literature search for eligible candidate gene studies published before, 28 June 2017, was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases. The following combinations of main keywords were used: ('Matrix Metalloproteinase' or 'MMP' or 'Stromelysin-1' or 'Gelatinase b') AND ('ischemic stroke' or 'IS') AND ('single nucleotide polymorphism' or 'gene polymorphism' or 'SNP'). Fixed or random effects models were used to estimate the Pooled Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical analysis was carried out by using STATA version 13.0 software.

RESULTS

Total 29 studies were included in our meta-analysis. A significant association was observed for MMP-9 (-1562C/T) (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.53; p value = 0.01) and MMP-12 (-1082 A/G) (OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.75 to 3.71; p value<0.001) gene polymorphisms and risk of IS. No significant association was found for any of the MMP-1(-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306C/T) & (-735C/T) and MMP-3 (-1612 5A/6A) gene polymorphisms with the risk of IS.

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis suggests that MMP-9 (-1562C/T) and MMP-12 (-1082 A/G) gene polymorphisms could be a risk factor for IS while MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306C/T) & (-735C/T) and MMP-3 (-1612 5A/6A) have no association with the risk of causing IS. However, large prospective studies with sufficient power are required to validate our findings.

Association of matrix metalloprotease 1, 3, and 12 polymorphisms with rheumatic heart disease in a Chinese Han population

BACKGROUND

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an autoimmune disease triggered by acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the modulation of immune responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of MMP1, 3, and 12 promoter polymorphisms with RHD in a Han population in Southern China since the 3 genes are localized on the same chromosome and have a combined effect.

METHODS

DNA samples were obtained from 90 adult patients with RHD and 90 control subjects. Polymorphisms in MMP1 (rs1799750), MMP3 (rs3025058), and MMP12 (rs2276109) were genotyped by direct sequencing. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms were compared between the cases and the controls using Unconditional logistic regression models and Chi-squared test.

RESULTS

The 2G/2G genotype of rs1799750 in MMP1 was associated with a significantly higher risk of RHD when compared with the 1G/1G genotype (OR = 3.227; 95% CI:1.118-9.31; p = 0.03). The frequency of allele 2G was higher in patients with RHD compared to the controls (69.4% vs. 58.9%; p = 0.048) No significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs3025058 in MMP3 and rs2276109 in MMP12 were found between the patients with RHD and the controls (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that rs1799750 in MMP1 might be a risk factor for RHD in a Han population in Southern China, and individuals carrying the 2G/2G genotype are likely more susceptible to RHD. In contrast, rs3025058 in MMP3 and rs2276109 in MMP12 might not contribute to the risk of developing RHD in this population. Further studies with larger samples and other ethnic populations are required to confirm these findings.

Regulation function of MMP-1 downregulated by siRNA on migration of heat-denatured dermal fibroblasts

Cutaneous wound healing is a complex physiological process that requires the efforts of various cell types and signaling pathways and often results in thickened collagen-enriched healed tissue called a scar. Therefore, the identification of the mechanism of cutaneous wound healing is necessary and has great value in providing better treatment. Here, we demonstrated that MMP-1 inhibition could promote cell proliferation in dermal fibroblasts via the MTT assay. Meanwhile, we investigated cell migration by flow cytometry and tested type I collagenase activity. We found that MMP-1 inhibition promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell migration and type I collagenase activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that MMP-1 might be a potential therapeutic target in cutaneous wound healing.

MMP1 and MMP3 gene polymorphisms in patients with acute coronary syndromes

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the group of proteolytic enzymes that break down the components of the connective tissue matrix leading to unstable atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was to examine the association between MMP1-1607dupG (rs1799750) and MMP3-1171dupA (rs3025058) gene polymorphisms and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the form of unstable angina. This study included 197 patients with ACS in the form of unstable angina confirmed by coronary angiography (defined by >70% stenosis in at least one major coronary artery) and 144 healthy controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the MMP1-1607dupG (rs1799750) polymorphism between patients with unstable angina and the control group. With regard to the MMP3-1171dupA (rs3025058) polymorphism, a significant increase in the frequency of the 6A/6A genotype among patients with unstable angina was detected. This association was confirmed in multivariate logistic regression analysis, where male sex and rs3025058 6A/6A genotype were significantly associated with an increased risk of ACS. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(11):850-855, 2017.

Matrix metalloproteinase family polymorphisms and the risk of aortic aneurysmal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

It has been suggested that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms are associated with the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysmal diseases. In this study, we conducted a systematic review with an update meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between MMP family polymorphisms and aortic aneurysmal diseases. We systematically reviewed 24 polymorphisms in 8 MMP genes related to the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), thoracic AA or thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). A total of 19 case-control studies with 15 highly studied MMP polymorphisms were included in our meta-analysis. Our results suggested that MMP2rs243865, MMP3rs3025058, MMP13rs2252070 polymorphisms were significantly associated with AAA risk, MMP2rs11643630, MMP8rs11225395 polymorphisms were correlated with TAD risk, and MMP9rs3918242 under the dominant model could increase AAA risk in hospital-based subgroup. No associations with aortic aneurysmal diseases were identified for other polymorphisms assessed in our meta-analysis. In summary, some studied MMP polymorphisms associated with the risk of aortic aneurysmal diseases are potential predictive biomarkers for the clinical application. Moreover, other MMP polymorphisms with limited studies but relevant to aortic aneurysmal formation and progression need further prospective and large investigations to confirm results.

Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Gene Variants with Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtype

BACKGROUND

Genetic variations in the genes of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). Here we investigate the association between MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G and MMP-3 -1171 5A/6A genetic polymorphisms and etiological subtypes of IS in the Han Chinese population.

METHODS

A total of 640 eligible patients with IS and 637 age- and gender-matched apparently healthy volunteers were enrolled. Subtypes of IS were classified by Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) and MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) polymorphisms were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

RESULTS

The frequencies of the 5A/6A + 5A/5A genotypes and 5A allele were significantly higher in patients with IS than in controls (P <.001, P <.001, respectively). No association was found between MMP-1 1G/2G polymorphism and overall IS. In subgroup analyses, MMP-1 1G/2G and 2G/2G genotypes increased the risk of small-artery occlusion (SAO) subtype (multivariate-adjusted, P <.001, P = .002, respectively), and MMP-3 5A/6A + 5A/5A genotypes were related with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype (multivariate-adjusted, P <.001). Haplotype analyses indicated that 2G-6A and 1G-5A increased the risk of SAO (multivariate-adjusted, P = .029) and LAA (multivariate-adjusted, P <.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) and MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) polymorphisms may contribute to different subtypes of IS susceptibility.

The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase Polymorphisms in Ischemic Stroke

Stroke remains the fifth leading cause of mortality in the United States with an annual rate of over 128,000 deaths per year. Differences in incidence, pathogenesis, and clinical outcome have long been noted when comparing ischemic stroke among different ethnicities. The observation that racial disparities exist in clinical outcomes after stroke has resulted in genetic studies focusing on specific polymorphisms. Some studies have focused on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs are a ubiquitous group of proteins with extensive roles that include extracellular matrix remodeling and blood-brain barrier disruption. MMPs play an important role in ischemic stroke pathophysiology and clinical outcome. This review will evaluate the evidence for associations between polymorphisms in MMP-1, 2, 3, 9, and 12 with ischemic stroke incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical outcome. The role of polymorphisms in MMP genes may influence the presentation of ischemic stroke and be influenced by racial and ethnic background. However, contradictory evidence for the role of MMP polymorphisms does exist in the literature, and further studies will be necessary to consolidate our understanding of these multi-faceted proteins.

Interaction Between CYP4F2 rs2108622 and CPY4A11 rs9333025 Variants Is Significantly Correlated with Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke and 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Level

AIMS

To investigate the association of four variants of two CYP ω-hydroxylase genes and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) levels with ischemic stroke (IS) and whether gene-gene interactions between these genes increase the risk of IS.

METHODS

Three hundred ninety-six patients with IS and 378 controls were genotyped for rs2269231, rs9333025, rs2108622, and rs3093135. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods. The 20-HETE levels was measured in 218 IS patients and 126 controls.

RESULTS

The frequency of the GG genotype of rs9333025 was significantly higher in IS patients than in controls (p < 0.001). The GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction between rs9333025 and rs2108622 (p = 0.0116). This gene-gene interaction predicted a significantly higher risk of IS in individuals carrying the genotypes of rs9333025 GG and rs2108622 GG (odds ratio = 1.92, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-4.26, p = 0.007). The plasma levels of 20-HETE were significantly higher in IS patients than in controls, and IS patients carrying the genotype combination of rs9333025 GG and rs2108622 GG had higher 20-HETE levels than IS patients with other combinations of the two variants.

CONCLUSION

CYP4A1l rs9333025 GG and CYP4F2 rs2108622 GG two-loci interaction significantly increases the risk for IS and an elevated 20-HETE level.