1
|
Driesen RB, Gervois P, Vangansewinkel T, Lambrichts I. Unraveling the Role of the Apical Papilla During Dental Root Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665600. [PMID: 34026757 PMCID: PMC8134663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical papilla is a stem cell rich tissue located at the base of the developing dental root and is responsible for the progressive elongation and maturation of the root. The multipotent stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) are extensively studied in cell culture since they demonstrate a high capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation and are thus an attractive stem cell source for stem cell-based therapies. Currently, only few studies are dedicated to determining the role of the apical papilla in dental root development. In this review, we will focus on the architecture of the apical papilla and describe the specific SCAP signaling pathways involved in root maturation. Furthermore, we will explore the heterogeneity of the SCAP phenotype within the tissue and determine their micro-environmental interaction. Understanding the mechanism of postnatal dental root growth could further aid in developing novel strategies in dental root regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Driesen
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Cardio and Organ Systems, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Cardio and Organ Systems, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Cardio and Organ Systems, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Cardio and Organ Systems, Hasselt, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla: A Promising Source for Stem Cell-Based Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6104738. [PMID: 30834270 PMCID: PMC6374798 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are biological cells that can self-renew and can differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising alternative therapeutic option for various disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that are isolated from various tissues and can be used as an alternative to embryonic stem cells. Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are a novel population of MSCs residing in the apical papilla of immature permanent teeth. SCAPs present the characteristics of expression of MSCs markers, self-renewal, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and immunosuppression, which support the application of SCAPs in stem cell-based therapy, including the immunotherapy and the regeneration of dental tissues, bone, neural, and vascular tissues. In view of these properties and therapeutic potential, SCAPs can be considered as promising candidates for stem cell-based therapy. Thus the aim of our review was to summarize the current knowledge of SCAPs considering isolation, characterization, and multilineage differentiation. The prospects for their use in stem cell-based therapy were also discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dou F, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang J, Sun T, Mu F, Guo Q, Guo C, Jia N, Liu W, Ding Y, Wen A. Aloe-Emodin Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis Via Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:218-229. [PMID: 30215298 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the major pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aloe-emodin (AE), one of the main active compounds in Rhubarb, is widely used for renal protection. However, mechanisms implied in the modulation of kidney fibrosis after AE treatment for CKD remain elusive. Here, we explored the protective effects of AE for renal fibrosis and the involved mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. The renal fibrosis mice model was established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We found that AE administration significantly ameliorated UUO-induced impairment of kidney, evidenced by improved histopathological abnormalities, body weight, and abnormal renal function in mice model. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TGF-β1 and Fibronectin expressions were significantly decreased in UUO mice compared with sham group. Meanwhile, we found that AE suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway induced by TGF-β1 in vivo. AE improved cell survival and decreased the level of fibrosis-related proteins under TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in HK-2 cells as well as in vitro. Furthermore, both wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, and short-hairpin RNAs of PI3K knockdown abrogated TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, and decreased the suppression of fibrosis. These findings indicated that AE alleviated fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vivo and in vitro, which may provide a potential therapeutic option for CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dou
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - YueTong Liu
- 2 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Limin Liu
- 3 Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Ting Sun
- 4 Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Fei Mu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Qiyan Guo
- 5 Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Chao Guo
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Na Jia
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Yi Ding
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| |
Collapse
|