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Pinto JC, de Faria-Vasconcelos K, Leite AF, Pedano MS, Guerreiro-Tanomaru J, Jacobs R, Tanomaru-Filho M. Effect of foraminal enlargement on microcrack formation and apical transportation: a nano-CT assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4881. [PMID: 36966188 PMCID: PMC10039878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the foraminal enlargement and its influence on microcrack formation and apical transportation in root canals with apical curvature. Eighteen maxillary lateral incisors with apical curvature were selected by using micro-CT images. Root canals were randomly divided in two groups (n = 9) according to root canal preparation using two working lengths: 1 mm short of the apical foramen (control group) and 1 mm beyond the apical foramen (foraminal enlargement). For both groups Reciproc Blue R40 was used for root canal instrumentation. Specimens were scanned by nano-CT (UniTOM HR) before and after root canal preparation. Percentage, length, and width of microcracks, and apical transportation were assessed. Kappa, chi-square and McNemar tests were used for qualitative analyses while paired and unpaired t-test were used for quantitative analyses (α = 0.05). For both groups, rather similar and low percentages of microcracks were observed before root canal preparation (P > 0.05). The foraminal enlargement promoted new microcracks, not observed in the control group. An increase in microcrack length was observed when the foraminal enlargement was performed (P < 0.05). Higher apical transportation was observed when foraminal enlargement was performed (P < 0.05). Foraminal enlargement using a heat-treated reciprocating file size 40 promoted microcracks and higher apical transportation than root canal preparation up to 1 mm short of apical foramen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader Camilo Pinto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karla de Faria-Vasconcelos
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - André Ferreira Leite
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariano Simón Pedano
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Endodontology and BIOMAT-Biomaterials Research Group, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juliane Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-903, Brazil.
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