Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the mandible with cytogenetic and molecular biology aberrations

Irinotecan plus temozolomide in relapsed Ewing sarcoma: an integrated analysis of retrospective studies

BACKGROUND

The prognosis of patients with relapsed Ewing sarcoma is poor. In this study, we aimed to pooled-analyze the efficacy and safety of the combination of irinotecan and temozolomide in treating patients with relapsed Ewing sarcoma.

METHODS

PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched on September 27, 2021. The primary outcomes were rates of objective response and disease control, and the secondary outcomes were toxicities.

RESULTS

Six retrospective studies with 184 patients were enrolled in the analysis. The median age ranged from 14 to 21. The integrated rates were 44% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31-58) for objective response and 66% (55-77) for disease control. Grade 3-4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea occurred in 8% (3-16), 7% (3-11), and 8% (5-10) of chemotherapeutic cycles, respectively. 18% (7-32) and 6% (2-11) of patients suffered grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia after irinotecan plus temozolomide treatment.

CONCLUSION

Irinotecan plus temozolomide combination chemotherapy showed antitumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in patients with relapsed Ewing sarcoma. More future prospective studies are needed to confirm the retrospective results.

Ewing's Sarcoma Family Tumors in the Jaws: Case Report, Immunohistochemical Analysis and Literature Review

Due to the low incidence of the Ewing's Sarcoma (ES) family tumors, the available epidemiology is likely to be unreliable, and at present, there are no standard diagnostic or clinical guidelines outlining their management. This report describes a case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/pPNET) which initially mimicked cystic lesions, and describes a comparison between ES and ES/pPNET in the jaws by the World Health Organization classification. This review addressed 63 cases published in the English literature between 1950 and 2016. The majority of cases were ES. Both ES and ES/pPNET mimicked other benign entities such as traumatic, cystic and inflammatory lesions. The patients who died of their disease had a history of metastatic tumors, and primary tumor located in the mandible and maxilla for ES and ES/pPNET, respectively. The differentiation of the ES family tumors from other small blue-cell tumors may be difficult and requires familiarity with histological and immunohistochemical features.

Mandibular peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: a rare case report with review of literature

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a high grade malignant neoplasm of small round cell tumor family, commonly affecting children and young adults. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a predominately neural, nonepithelial malignancy seen outside the nervous system that can arise in any place throughout the body including the diverse tissues of the head and neck. The diagnosis of PNET is confounded by its clinical and histopathological similarity to Ewing's sarcoma of the bone and has seldom been reported in the literature. The paucity of literature pertaining to the successful diagnosis and management of this lesion mandates its documentation and discussion. This article describes a case of an 11-year-old boy with an aggressive pPNET of the mandible. The clinical and radiographic presentations of this rare entity along with a detailed review on the current management modalities have been discussed.

Primary peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the mandible

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a broad term that includes a wide array of lesions with varying differentiating potential affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system. Peripheral PNET (pPNET), a variant of PNET, is known to arise in many places throughout the body; involvement of the mandible is however rare. A review of the scientific literature describes only seven reports of pPNET to be arising from the mandible. Given their insidious clinical symptoms, variable locations and rarity, the accurate diagnosis of peripheral PNETs poses a challenge for clinicians. PNETs exhibits characteristic immunophenotypical and genetic features that distinguish them from other small round cell tumors. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to manage patients affected by PNET. There is however no consensus about the best therapeutic strategy. We recently got to treat a young patient with mandibular PNET; the clinical course as well as the histopathology with immunohistochemistry correlation of this rare entity is discussed.

First description of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in the nose

We report the case of a 12-year-old girl, who consulted us with one-year history of an 8 mm nose lesion that was painless and firm upon palpation. The lesion was resected conservatively. Immunohistochemistry was in favor of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)/Ewing's sarcoma lesion, excluding epithelial, lymphoid, and other tumors. After a second resection, our patient was referred to chemotherapy and has already undergone 9 cycles out of 14. The patient is to date with no evidence of persistent or recurrent disease. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a PNET arising in the nose.

Imaging findings in mandibular primitive neuroectodermal tumour: a report of a rare case and review of the literature

Primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs) are aggressive undifferentiated tumours that occur mainly in the central nervous system (CNS). Reviewing the literature, only six cases of primary PNET of the mandible have been reported. These rare tumours are usually overlooked in clinical practice. An 18-year-old woman who presented with dental caries and left cheek swelling was initially diagnosed with facial cellulitis, but the swelling persisted despite adequate intravenous antibiotic therapy. Subsequent ultrasound and MR examinations revealed a tumour originating from the left mandibular ramus. The ultrasonography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of peripheral PNET. The radiographic features of mandibular PNETs are similar to those of PNETs in other regions, except for haemorrhage, necrosis and calcification. In addition, this is the first reported case with sonographic and MR images of this rare tumour, and the first case that was diagnosed based on the ultrasonography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy. Using these image characteristics, mandibular PNETs can be diagnosed more accurately.