1
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono‐, Di‐, and Triply‐Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge‐Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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2
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono-, Di-, and Triply-Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge-Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25445-25453. [PMID: 34554612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise chemical reduction of a molecular warped nanographene (WNG) having a negatively curved π-surface and defined C80 H30 composition with Cs metal used as the reducing and complexing agent allowed the isolation of three different reduced states with one, two, and three electrons added to its π-conjugated system. This provided a unique series of nanosized carbanions with increasing negative charge for in-depth structural analysis of consequences of controlled electron charging of non-planar nanographenes, using X-ray crystallographic and computational tools. The 3D molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps identified the negative charge localization at the central part of the WNG surface where selective coordination of Cs+ ions is confirmed crystallographically. In-depth theoretical investigation revealed a complex response of the WNG to the stepwise electron acquisition. The extended and contorted π-surface of the WNG undergoes subtle swinging distortions that are accompanied by notable changes in the electronic structure and site-dependent aromaticity of the resulting carbanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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3
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Solel E, Pappo D, Reany O, Mejuch T, Gershoni-Poranne R, Botoshansky M, Stanger A, Keinan E. Flat corannulene: when a transition state becomes a stable molecule. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13015-13025. [PMID: 34094486 PMCID: PMC8163244 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04566g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flat corannulene has been considered so far only as a transition state of the bowl-to-bowl inversion process. This study was driven by the prediction that substituents with strong steric repulsion could destabilize the bowl-shaped conformation of this molecule to such an extent that the highly unstable planar geometry would become an isolable molecule. To examine the substituents' effect on the corannulene bowl depth, optimized structures for the highly-congested decakis(t-butylsulfido)corannulene were calculated. The computations, performed with both the M06-2X/def2-TZVP and the B3LYP/def2-TZVP methods (the latter with and without Grimme's D3 dispersion correction), predict that this molecule can achieve two minimum structures: a flat carbon framework and a bowl-shaped structure, which are very close in energy. This rather unusual compound was easily synthesized from decachlorocorannulene under mild reaction conditions, and X-ray crystallographic studies gave similar results to the theoretical predictions. This compound crystallized in two different polymorphs, one exhibiting a completely flat corannulene core and the other having a bowl-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrath Solel
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Doron Pappo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Ofer Reany
- Avinoam Adam Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel 1 University Road, P.O. Box 808 Ra'anana 4353701 Israel
| | - Tom Mejuch
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Mark Botoshansky
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Amnon Stanger
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Ehud Keinan
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
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4
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Alkan M, Rogachev AY. Coupling of two curved polyaromatic radical-anions: stabilization of dimers by counterions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6716-6726. [PMID: 32163075 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive theoretical investigation of both kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities was performed for dimeric dianionic systems (C20H10)22- and (C28H14)22-, neutralized by two alkali metal cations. The influence of the counterions was of primary interest. The impact of the additional/spectator ligand(s) was elucidated by considering adducts with four molecules of diglyme or two molecules of 18-crown-6 ether. Importantly, both types of systems - in the form of contact-ion pair (CIP) and solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) - were considered. The SSIP set was augmented by the adduct, in which the dimeric dianionic species were neutralized with purely organic cations N(CH3)4+ and P(CH3)4+. Detailed analysis of the bonding revealed that the presence of the counterions made these systems thermodynamically stable. This finding is in sharp contrast with results obtained for isolated (PAH)22- systems, which were previously found to be thermodynamically unstable, but kinetically persistent. The introduction of the alkali metal cations to the system significantly increases the ionic term (ΔEelstat), whereas the repulsive ΔEPauli one was found to be substantially reduced. Considering that the orbital component (ΔEorb) exhibited only a moderate decrease and the preparation energy (ΔEprep) showed no changes, the above-mentioned changes in ΔEelstat and ΔEPauli provided a clear explanation for the increase of the thermodynamic stability of the target species. Importantly, a clear correlation between the size of the alkali metal cation and stability of the target dimeric product was established. Thermodynamic stability of the system rises with a decrease in the size of M+ due to enlargement of the ΔEorb. Evaluated energy barriers (as spin-crossing points between singlet and triplet energy surfaces) were found to be equal to +15.85 kcal mol-1 and +18.5 kcal mol-1 for [(Cs+)2{(C20H10)22-}] and [(Cs+)2{(C28H14)22-}], respectively, which is substantially higher than those calculated for isolated (PAH)22- systems (+10.00 kcal mol-1 for (C20H10)22- and +12.35 kcal mol-1 for (C28H14)22-). Thus, this study identified the presence of counterions as the key factor, which have a dramatic influence on the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of the aimed dianionic dimeric systems, which are formed by two curved polyaromatic monoanion-radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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5
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Rogachev AY, Alkan M, Li J, Liu S, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Mono-reduced Corannulene: To Couple and Not to Couple in One Crystal. Chemistry 2019; 25:14140-14147. [PMID: 31390107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One-electron reduction of corannulene, C20 H10 , with Li metal in diglyme resulted in crystallization of [{Li+ (diglyme)2 }4 (C20 H10 .- )2 (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- ] (1), as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This hybrid product contains two corannulene monoanion-radicals along with a dianionic dimer, crystallized with four Li+ ions wrapped by diglyme molecules. The dimeric (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- anion provides the first crystallographically confirmed example of spontaneous radical dimerization for C20 H10 .- . The C-C bond length between the two C20 H10 .- bowls of 1.588(5) Å is consistent with the single σ-bond character of the linker. The trans-disposition of two bowls in the centrosymmetric (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- dimer is observed with the torsion angle around the central C-C bond of 180°. Comprehensive theoretical analysis of formation/decomposition processes of the dimeric dianion has been carried out in order to evaluate the nature of bonding and energetics of the C20 H10 .- coupling. It is found that such σ-bonded dimers are thermodynamically unstable due to large preparation energy and repulsive Pauli component of the bonding, but kinetically persistent due to a high energy barrier provided by the existing spin-crossing point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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6
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Spisak SN, Bühringer MU, Wei Z, Zhou Z, Tykwinski RR, Petrukhina MA. Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Martina U. Bühringer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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7
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Spisak SN, Bühringer MU, Wei Z, Zhou Z, Tykwinski RR, Petrukhina MA. Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2023-2028. [PMID: 30560557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a [3]cumulene ([3]TrTol) has been explored using alkali metals. Mono- and doubly reduced forms of [3]TrTol were isolated as solvent-separated ion pairs with {Na(18-crown-6)THF2 }+ and {K(18-crown-6)THF2 }+ counterions and crystallographically characterized. This allowed analysis of structural parameters of the "naked" anions of [3]TrTol without interference from metal binding. The dianion of [3]TrTol was also isolated as a contact-ion complex with {Cs(18-crown-6)}+ cations, thereby adding the effect of metal coordination to the core. Structural comparisons of anions to the neutral molecule, [3]TrTol, outline monotonic increases in bond-length alternation (BLA) upon stepwise reduction. The greatest BLA value is found for the contact-ion complex, which shows an alternating sequence of short and long carbon-carbon bonds, consistent with the structure of an alkyne. In contrast to studies on tetraphenyl[3]cumulene, the cumulenic framework of [3]TrTol remains planar in all the derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Martina U Bühringer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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8
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Rogachev AY, Liu S, Xu Q, Li J, Zhou Z, Spisak SN, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Placing Metal in the Bowl: Does Rim Alkylation Matter? Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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9
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Spisak SN, Zabula AV, Alkan M, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Site-Directed Dimerization of Bowl-Shaped Radical Anions to Form a σ-Bonded Dibenzocorannulene Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6171-6175. [PMID: 29504700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Designed site-directed dimerization of the monoanion radicals of a π-bowl in the solid state is reported. Dibenzo[a,g]corannulene (C28 H14 ) was selected based on the asymmetry of the charge/spin localization in the C28 H14.- anion. Controlled one-electron reduction of C28 H14 with Cs metal in diglyme resulted in crystallization of a new dimer, [{Cs+ (diglyme)}2 (C28 H14 -C28 H14 )2- ] (1), as revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction study performed in a broad range of temperatures. The C-C bond length between two C28 H14.- bowls (1.560(8) Å) measured at -143 °C does not significantly change upon heating of the crystal to +67 °C. The single σ-bond character of the C-C linker is confirmed by calculations. The trans-disposition of two bowls in 1 is observed with the torsion angles around the central C-C bond of 172.3(5)° and 173.5(5)°. A systematic theoretical evaluation of dimerization pathways of C28 H14.- radicals confirmed that the trans-isomer found in 1 is energetically favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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10
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Spisak SN, Zabula AV, Alkan M, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Site‐Directed Dimerization of Bowl‐Shaped Radical Anions to Form a σ‐Bonded Dibenzocorannulene Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Alexander V. Zabula
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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11
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Zhou Z, Spisak SN, Xu Q, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Marcaccio M, Petrukhina MA. Fusing a Planar Group to a π-Bowl: Electronic and Molecular Structure, Aromaticity and Solid-State Packing of Naphthocorannulene and its Anions. Chemistry 2018; 24:3455-3463. [PMID: 29328530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and electronic structure, reduction electron transfer and coordination abilities of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) having a planar naphtho-group fused to the corannulene bowl have been investigated for the first time using a combination of theoretical and experimental tools. A direct comparison of naphtho[2,3-a]corannulene (C28 H14 , 1) with parent corannulene (C20 H10 , 2) revealed the effect of framework topology change on electronic properties and aromaticity of 1. The presence of two reduction steps for 1 was predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. Two reversible one-electron reduction processes with the formal reduction potentials at -2.30 and -2.77 V versus Fc+/0 were detected by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, demonstrating accessibility of the corresponding mono- and dianionic states of 1. The products of the singly and doubly reduced napththocorannulene were prepared using chemical reduction with Group 1 metals and isolated as sodium and rubidium salts. Their X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of "naked" mono- and dianions crystallized as solvent-separated ion products with one or two sodium cations as [Na+ (18-crown-6)(THF)2 ][C28 H14- ] and [Na+ (18-crown-6)(THF)2 ]2 [C28 H142- ] (3⋅THF and 4⋅THF, respectively). The dianion of 1 was also isolated as a contact-ion complex with two rubidium countercations, [{Rb+ (18-crown-6)}2 (C28 H142- )] (5⋅THF). The structural consequences of adding one and two electrons to the carbon framework of 1 are compared for 3, 4 and 5. Changes in aromaticity and charge distribution stemming from the stepwise electron acquisition are discussed based on DFT computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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12
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Spisak SN, Li J, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Crown Ether Assisted Convex Cesium Binding to a Sumanenyl Bowl. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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13
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Takano R, Shintani R, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Nozaki K. Structures and Physical Properties of Chemically Reduced Diindenosiloles and Their π-Extended Derivatives. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takano
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Shintani
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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14
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Spisak SN, Rogachev AY, Zabula AV, Filatov AS, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Tuning the separation and coupling of corannulene trianion-radicals through sizable alkali metal belts. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3137-3145. [PMID: 28507689 PMCID: PMC5413885 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Downsizing of alkali metal belts sandwiched between triply-reduced corannulene decks allows for the fine-tune separation and magnetic coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals.
The first heterobimetallic sandwich-type aggregate formed by bowl-shaped corannulene trianion-radicals, C20H10˙3–, has been synthesized using mixed-metal reduction of C20H10. The product was crystallographically characterized to reveal the self-assembly of [Cs+//(C20H103–)/4K+/(C20H103–)//Cs+], in which two triply-charged corannulene decks encapsulate a rectangle of four potassium ions (the K···K separations are 4.212(4) and 5.185(4) Å), with the exterior concave bowl cavities being selectively filled by one cesium ion each. In order to provide insights into the geometrical features and electronic structure of this novel mixed-metal organometallic self-assembly, an in-depth theoretical investigation has been carried out. Specifically, the influence of internal metal binding on the geometry and magnetic coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals is investigated for Group 1 metals. This study reveals that replacement of the sandwiched potassium ions with larger (Cs) and smaller (Li) ions allows variation of the size of the encapsulated metal belts, and thus enables tuning of the coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA .
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS , CRPP , UPR 8641 , F-33600 , Pessac , France.,Univ. Bordeaux , CRPP , UPR 8641 , F-33600 , Pessac , France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
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15
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2582-2587. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research; Osaka University; Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
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16
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research; Osaka University; Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
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17
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Wombacher T, Goddard R, Lehmann CW, Schneider JJ. Organometallic rubidium and cesium compounds of the 5,6;11,12-di-o-phenylene-tetracene dianion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7030-7033. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twofold reduction of the title molecule 5,6;11,12-di-o-phenylenetetracene (DOPT) with an excess of metallic rubidium and cesium in the presence of 18-crown-6-ether (18C6) and tetraglyme results in the formation of its first Rb(i) triple-decker complex and the first Cs(i) coordination polymer of this planar hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Wombacher
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - R. Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr
- Germany
| | - C. W. Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr
- Germany
| | - J. J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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18
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Dang JS, Wang WW, Zhao X, Nagase S. Concave binding of cationic Li to quadrannulene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20773-20777. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Concave binding of cationic Li to quadrannulene and its influence on buckybowl functionalization are introduced using DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shuang Dang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
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19
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Wombacher T, Goddard R, Lehmann CW, Schneider JJ. Bowl shaped deformation in a planar aromatic polycycle upon reduction. Li and Na separated dianions of the aromatic polycycle 5,6:11,12-di-o-phenylene-tetracene. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14122-14129. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the PAH LDOPTwith lithium metal in DME results in a massive deformation in the resulting dianionic π-perimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Wombacher
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - R. Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - C. W. Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - J. J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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20
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Mixing Li and Cs in the reduction of corannulene for the assembly of a cesium-capped sandwich with a hexanuclear heterometallic core. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5625-5630. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the first Li/Cs organometallic self-assembly, the tetrareduced corannulene decks are angled up to keep the highly-charged (Li3Cs3)6+ unit in between, with two external Cs+ ions capping the sandwich from outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
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21
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Spisak SN, Li J, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Papaianina O, Amsharov K, Rybalchenko AV, Goryunkov AA, Petrukhina MA. From Corannulene to Indacenopicene: Effect of Carbon Framework Topology on Aromaticity and Reduction Limits. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Olena Papaianina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexey V. Rybalchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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22
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Chen H, Wang WY, Wang L, Zhu CL, Fang XY, Qiu YQ. Ion-π interaction in impacting the nonlinear optical properties of ion-buckybowl complexes. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 64:139-146. [PMID: 26851864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ion-buckybowl complexes have received considerable attention in modern chemical research due to its fundamental and practical importance. Herein, we performed density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the geometical structure, binding interactions, dipole moments and the first hyperpolarizabilities (βtot) of ion-buckybowl complexes (ions are Cl(-) and Na(+), buckybowls are quadrannulene, corannulene and sumanene). It is found that the stabilities of ion-buckybowl compounds primarily originate from the interaction energy, which was proved by a new isomerization energy decomposition analysis approach. Plots of reduced density gradient mirror the ion-π weak interaction has been formed between the ions and buckybowls. Significantly, the buckybowl subunits cannot effectively impact the nonlinear optical (NLO), but the kind of ion has marked influence on the second-order NLO responses. The βtot values of Cl(-)-buckybowl complexes are all larger as compared to that of Na(+)-buckybowl complexes, which is attributed to the large charge-transfer (CT) from Cl(-) to buckybowl. Our present work will be beneficial for further theoretical and experimental studies on the NLO properties of ion-buckybowl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yong Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Li Zhu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yan Fang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Qiu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Fellows WB, Rice AM, Williams DE, Dolgopolova EA, Vannucci AK, Pellechia PJ, Smith MD, Krause JA, Shustova NB. Redox-Active Corannulene Buckybowls in a Crystalline Hybrid Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:2195-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Brett Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Allison M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Derek E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
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24
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Fellows WB, Rice AM, Williams DE, Dolgopolova EA, Vannucci AK, Pellechia PJ, Smith MD, Krause JA, Shustova NB. Redox-Active Corannulene Buckybowls in a Crystalline Hybrid Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Brett Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Allison M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Derek E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
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25
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Supramolecular trap for a transient corannulene trianion. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1954-1961. [PMID: 29899919 PMCID: PMC5966907 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first structural characterization of the transient triply-reduced state of corannulene (C20H10) is accomplished. The X-ray crystallographic study reveals that the C20H10˙3- trianions, generated by corannulene reduction with metallic cesium, form a novel type of supramolecular sandwich-type assembly, [Cs+//(C20H103-)/4Cs+/(C20H103-)//Cs+]. In the product, two triply-charged corannulene decks encapsulate a rectangle of four cesium ions with the external concave bowl cavities being filled by one cesium ion each. The structural investigation is augmented by in-depth theoretical calculations to provide insights into the geometrical features and electronic structure of this unique organometallic self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA .
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , Pessac , F-33600 , France.,Université de Bordeaux , Pessac , F-33600 , France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
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26
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Spisak SN, Hoover GC, Wei Z, Zabula AV, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Monoreduced 1,2-dihydrocorannulene versus the parent corannulene. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 71:690-4. [PMID: 26243416 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615013145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The monoanion of dihydrogenated corannulene isolated in the form of its potassium salt, namely tris(diglyme-κ(3)O,O',O'')potassium hexacyclo[11.5.2.0(4,17).0(7,16).0(10,15).0(14,18)]icosa-1,3,5,7(16),8,10(15),11,13,17-nonaenide, [K(C6H14O3)3](C20H12), has been structurally characterized for the first time. The X-ray study confirms the previous NMR spectroscopic prediction that the two H atoms are attached to the same six-membered ring to form 1,2-dihydrocorannulene, thus destroying the aromaticity of only one arene ring of the corannulene core. The direct comparison of (C20H12)(-) with the parent corannulene anion, (C20H10)(-), is provided to illustrate the geometry perturbations caused by rim hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | | | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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