Self-assembly of [2+2] Co(II) metallomacrocycles and Ni(II) metallogels with novel bis(pyridylimine) ligands

Novel supramolecular luminescent metallogels containing Tb(iii) and Eu(iii) ions with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid gelator: advancing semiconductor applications in microelectronic devices

A novel strategy was employed to create supramolecular metallogels incorporating Tb(iii) and Eu(iii) ions using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (TA) as a gelator in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Rheological analysis demonstrated their mechanical robustness under varying stress levels and angular frequencies. FESEM imaging revealed a flake-like hierarchical network for Tb-TA and a rod-shaped architecture for Eu-TA. EDX analysis confirmed essential chemical constituents within the metallogels. FT-IR, PXRD, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis assessed their gelation process and material properties, showing semiconducting characteristics, validated by optical band-gap measurements. Metal-semiconductor junction-based devices integrating Al metal with Tb(iii)- and Eu(iii)-metallogels exhibited non-linear charge transport akin to a Schottky diode, indicating potential for advanced electronic device development. Direct utilization of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and Tb(iii)/Eu(iii) sources underscores their suitability as semiconducting materials for device fabrication. This study explores the versatile applications of Tb-TA and Eu-TA metallogels, offering insights for material science researchers.

Rapid Semiconducting Supramolecular Mg(II)-Metallohydrogel: Exploring Its Potential in Nonvolatile Resistive Switching Applications and Antiseptic Wound Healing Properties

An effective strategy was employed for the rapid development of a supramolecular metallohydrogel of Mg(II) ion (i.e., Mg@PEHA) using pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) as a low-molecular-weight gelator in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. The mechanical stability of the synthesized Mg@PEHA metallohydrogel was characterized by using rheological analysis, which showed its robustness across different angular frequencies and oscillator stress levels. The metallohydrogel exhibited excellent thixotropic behavior, which signifies that Mg@PEHA has a self-healing nature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images were utilized to explore the rectangular pebble-like hierarchical network of the Mg@PEHA metallohydrogel. Elemental mapping through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of primary chemical constituents in the metallohydrogel. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy provided insights into the possible formation strategy of the metallohydrogel. In this work, Schottky diode structures in a metal-semiconductor-metal geometry based on a magnesium(II) metallohydrogel (Mg@PEHA) were constructed, and the charge transport behavior was observed. Additionally, a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device was developed using Mg@PEHA, which displayed bipolar resistive switching behavior at room temperature. The researchers investigated the switching mechanism, which involved the formation or rupture of conduction filaments, to gain insights into the resistive switching process. The RRAM device demonstrated excellent performance with a high ON/OFF ratio of approximately 100 and remarkable endurance of over 5000 switching cycles. RRAM devices exhibit good endurance, meaning they can endure a large number of read and write cycles without significant degradation in performance. RRAM devices have shown promising reliability in terms of long-term performance and stability, making them suitable for critical applications that require reliable memory solutions. Significant inhibitory activity against the drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia strain and its biofilm formation ability was demonstrated by Mg@PEHA. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of the metallohydrogel was determined to be 3 mg/mL when it was dissolved in 1% DMSO. To study the antibiofilm activity, an MTT assay was performed, revealing that biofilm inhibition (60%) commenced at 1 mg/mL of Mg@PEHA when dissolved in 1% DMSO. Moreover, in the mouse excisional wound model, Mg@PEHA played a crucial role in preventing postoperative wound infections and promoting wound healing.

Exploration of a wide bandgap semiconducting supramolecular Mg(II)-metallohydrogel derived from an aliphatic amine: a robust resistive switching framework for brain-inspired computing

A rapid metallohydrogelation strategy has been developed of magnesium(II)-ion using trimethylamine as a low molecular weight gelator in water medium at room temperature. The mechanical property of the synthesized metallohydrogel material is established through the rheological analysis. The nano-rose like morphological patterns of Mg(II)-metallohydrogel are characterized through field emission scanning electron microscopic study. The energy dispersive X-ray elemental mapping analysis confirms the primary gel forming elements of Mg(II)-metallohydrogel. The possible metallohydrogel formation strategy has been analyzed through FT-IR spectroscopic study. In this work, magnesium(II) metallohydrogel (Mg@TMA) based metal-semiconductor-metal structures have been developed and charge transport behaviour is studied. Here, it is confirmed that the magnesium(II) metallohydrogel (Mg@TMA) based resistive random access memory (RRAM) device is showing bipolar resistive switching behaviour at room temperature. We have also explored the mechanism of resistive switching behaviour using the formation (rupture) of conductive filaments between the metal electrodes. This RRAM devices exhibit excellent switching endurance over 10,000 switching cycles with a large ON/OFF ratio (~ 100). The easy fabrication techniques, robust resistive switching behaviour and stability of the present system makes these structures preferred candidate for applications in non-volatile memory design, neuromorphic computing, flexible electronics and optoelectronics etc.

A 5-aminoisophthalic acid low molecular weight gelator based novel semiconducting supramolecular Zn(ii)-metallogel: unlocking an efficient Schottky barrier diode for microelectronics

A novel method has been successfully developed for creating supramolecular metallogels using zinc(ii) ions and 5-aminoisophthalic acid as the gelator (low molecular weight gelator) in a dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent at room temperature. Comprehensive rheological investigations confirm the robust mechanical strength of the resulting zinc(ii)-metallogel. Microstructural analysis conducted through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) unveils a unique flake-like morphology, with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping confirming the prevalence of zinc as the primary constituent of the metallogel. To understand the formation mechanism of this metallogel, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed. Notably, these supramolecular zinc(ii)-metallogel assemblies exhibit electrical conductivity reminiscent of metal-semiconductor (MS) junction electronic components. Surprisingly, the metallogel-based thin film device showcases an impressive electrical conductivity of 1.34 × 10-5 S m-1. The semiconductor characteristics of the synthesized zinc(ii)-metallogel devices, including their Schottky barrier diode properties, have been extensively investigated. This multifaceted study opens up a promising avenue for designing functional materials tailored for electronic applications. It harnesses the synergistic properties of supramolecular metallogels and highlights their significant potential in the development of semiconductor devices. This work represents a novel approach to the creation of advanced materials with unique electronic properties, offering exciting prospects for future innovations in electronic and semiconductor technologies.

Two novel low molecular weight gelator-driven supramolecular metallogels efficient in antimicrobial activity applications

A remarkable ultrasonication technique was successfully employed to create two novel metallogels using citric acid as a low molecular weight gelator, in combination with cadmium(ii)-acetate and mercury(ii)-acetate dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide at room temperature and under ambient conditions. The mechanical properties of the resulting Cd(ii)- and Hg(ii)-metallogels were rigorously examined through rheological analyses, which revealed their robust mechanical stability under varying angular frequencies and shear strains. Detailed characterization of the chemical constituents within these metallogels was accomplished through EDX mapping experiments, while microstructural features were visualized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. Additionally, FT-IR spectroscopic analysis was employed to elucidate the metallogel formation mechanism. Significantly, the antimicrobial efficacy of these novel metallogels was assessed against a panel of bacteria, including Gram-positive strains such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as Gram-negative species like Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity, highlighting the potential of Cd(ii) and Hg(ii)-based citric acid-mediated metallogels as effective agents against a broad spectrum of bacteria. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive exploration of the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of Cd(ii) and Hg(ii)-based citric acid-mediated metallogels, shedding light on their promising applications in combating both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. These findings open up exciting prospects for the development of advanced materials with multifaceted industrial and biomedical uses.

A multistimulus-responsive self-healable supramolecular copper(ii)-metallogel derived from l-(+) tartaric acid: an efficient Schottky barrier diode

A low molecular weight gelator l-(+) tartaric acid- based self-healing supramolecular Cu(ii)-metallogel offers an electronic device of Schottky barrier diode at room temperature.

A thixotropic supramolecular metallogel with a 2D sheet morphology: iodine sequestration and column based dye separation

Sequestration of hazardous radioactive iodine and dye separation to reduce industrial waste through reutilization is pivotal for environmental safety. In this regard, herein, the synthesis of a new waterborne ultrasensitive supramolecular metallogel (Mg@DEOA) with a 2D sheet morphology is accomplished through direct mixing of a low molecular weight gelator diethanolamine and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate. This porous metallogel (180 m2 g-1) exhibits thixotropic properties and is injectable. The material was found to be an effective (587 mg g-1) host matrix for iodine sequestration from solution. Moreover, the Mg@DEOA xerogel was used to efficiently remove rhodamine B from a mixture of dyes with high separation factors through a xerogel packed column and as an adsorbent material for water-soluble dyes and CO. This column based application demonstrated by the metallogel could be useful for practical industrial dye-separation.

Triethylenetetramine-Based Semiconducting Fe(III) Metallogel: Effective Catalyst for Aryl-S Coupling

A fascinating way to originate a mechanically stable metallogel of ferric ions with metal-coordinating organic ligand triethylenetetramine through direct mixing of their water solutions in a stoichiometric ratio is achieved under ambient conditions. The rheological study established the mechanical property of the Fe(III) metallogel. A cashew-shaped microstructure of the metallogel was observed by FESEM analysis. The electrical property of the Fe(III) metallogel was also carefully scrutinized. The semiconducting features like the Schottky barrier diode property of the Fe(III) metallogel were explored. The catalytic role of the Fe(III) metallogel was also critically explored. The Fe(III) metallogel shows an excellent catalytic property toward the synthesis of aryl thioethers via a C-S coupling reaction under mild reaction conditions without the use of any organic solvent.