Synthesis of some new Methoxy Bridged Benzimidazolyl-Substituted phthalocyanines as potent inhibitors of urease

Recent Efforts in the Discovery of Urease Inhibitor Identifications

Urease is an attractive drug target for designing anti-infective agents against pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, Proteus mirabilis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. In the past century, hundreds of medicinal chemists focused their efforts on explorations of urease inhibitors. Despite the FDA's approval of acetohydroxamic acid as a urease inhibitor for the treatment of struvite nephrolithiasis and the widespread use of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide as a soil urease inhibitor as nitrogen fertilizer synergists in agriculture, urease inhibitors with high potency and safety are urgently needed. Exploration of novel urease inhibitors has therefore become a hot research topic recently. Herein, inhibitors identified worldwide from 2016 to 2021 have been reviewed. They structurally belong to more than 20 classes of compounds such as urea/thioure analogues, hydroxamic acids, sulfonamides, metal complexes, and triazoles. Some inhibitors showed excellent potency with IC50 values lower than 10 nM, having 10000-fold higher potency than the positive control thiourea.

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel methoxy bridged benzimidazolyl-substituted phthalocyanines as potent inhibitors of urease

In this study, novel peripherally 4-[(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)methoxy] substituted Zn(II) (3) Cu(II) (4) and Co(II) (5) phthalocyanines were prepared and their structures were characterized spectroscopically. The light absorption behaviors of the synthesized compounds (3-5) were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy at different concentrations in different solvents. The urease inhibition activities of the synthesized compounds were also investigated. Among the synthesized molecules, compound 4 showed the best inhibitory effect against jack bean urease with IC₅₀ values of 0.0036 ± 0.0010 μM.

A3B type unsymmetrical and amphiphilic phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, thermal stability and aggregation studies

This study reports the preparation, analysis, aggregation statuses and thermal properties of five phthalocyanines. The preparation of all molecules includes two steps: the first step is the preparation of phthalocyanine precursor molecules (A and B coded phthalonitriles); the second step is the synthesis of one metal-free and four metalled phthalocyanines (A₃B-Co, A₃B-Cu, A₃B-H, A₃B-Ni, and A₃B-Zn coded compounds). Compound A holds a hydrophobic chain (cetyl alcohol); compound B holds a hydrophilic chain (tetraethylene glycol). Phthalocyanines include three hydrophobic chains and one hydrophilic chain (A₃B type phthalocyanine). Characterization methods which were used to determine the structure of these compounds are Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H NMR), Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹³C NMR), and Ultraviolet Visible (UV Vis) spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The phthalocyanines have high stability up to 260 °C as a minimum value. Aggregation statuses of the phthalocyanines change to the metal from the metal or to the solvent from the solvent.