Contraception Counseling and Use Among Adolescent and Young Adult Female Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective Analysis

Evaluation of contraception methods in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: A Turkish multicenter study

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) incidence has recently increased in younger individuals. With time, given the nature of the disease and available therapies, as well as the existing paucity and inconsistency of advice, worries about fertility have surfaced. With all these clear unknowns, we designed this study to raise awareness among both physicians and CML patients about whether male and female patients of childbearing age were using contraception at the time of diagnosis, and if so, which methods they were using. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the contraception methods in patients with CML.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eighteen centres from Turkey participated in the study. Male and female patients of childbearing age diagnosed with chronic and accelerated phase CML between the years 2000 and 2024 were evaluated retrospectively.

RESULTS

Of the two hundred and thirty-two patients included, one hundred and twenty-five (53.9%) of these patients were female and 107 (46.1%) were male. At diagnosis, all female patients were in the childbearing age, and male patients were sexually active. The median age at diagnosis of the patients was 38 (range, 18-77) years. Eighty-six (68.8%) female patients were using any contraception method, while this was 53.2% (n = 57) among male patients.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, since CML patients are diagnosed at an earlier age and the desire of these patients to have children, adequate information and evaluation should be provided regarding fertility and contraception issues, especially in female patients, from the moment of diagnosis.

Feasibility of an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Tool for Screening Distress and Supportive Care Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer

Purpose: Although adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients are digital natives and have high digital communication needs, previous studies of screening tools for AYAs have primarily used paper when measuring patient-reported outcomes (PROs). There are no reports on using an electronic PRO (ePRO) screening tool with AYAs. This study evaluated the feasibility of such a tool in clinical settings, and assessed the prevalence of AYAs' distress and supportive care needs. Methods: An ePRO tool based on the Distress Thermometer and Problem List (DTPL)-Japanese (DTPL-J) version for AYAs was implemented in a clinical setting for 3 months. To determine the prevalence of distress and need for supportive care, descriptive statistics were calculated for participant characteristics, selected items, and Distress Thermometer (DT) scores. Response rates, referral rates to an attending physician and other experts, and time required to complete PRO tools were assessed to evaluate feasibility. Results: From February to April 2022, 244 (93.8%) of 260 AYAs completed the ePRO tool based on the DTPL-J for AYAs. Based on a DT cutoff of ≥5, 65 of 244 patients (26.6%) had high distress. Worry (n = 81, 33.2%) was the most frequently selected item. Primary nurses referred 85 (32.7%) patients to an attending physician or other experts. The referral rate resulting from ePRO screening was significantly higher than that after PRO screening (χ2(1) = 17.99, p < 0.001). The average response time did not differ significantly between ePRO and PRO screening (p = 0.252). Conclusion: This study suggests the feasibility of an ePRO tool based on the DTPL-J for AYAs.

Do young adults with cancer receive information about treatment-related impact on sex life? Results from a population-based study

BACKGROUND

Sexual dysfunction is common following a cancer diagnosis in young adulthood (18-39 years) and problems related to sex life are ranked among the core concerns in this age group. Yet, few studies have investigated to what extent adults younger than 40, receive information from healthcare providers about the potential impact of cancer and its treatment on their sex life.

METHODS

A population-based cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 1010 young adults 1.5 years after being diagnosed with cancer (response rate 67%). Patients with breast, cervical, ovarian and testicular cancer, lymphoma, and brain tumors were identified in national quality registries. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with receiving information were examined using multivariable binary logistic regression.

RESULTS

Men to a higher extent than women reported having received information about potential cancer-related impact on their sex life (68% vs. 54%, p < 0.001). Receipt of information varied across diagnoses; in separate regression models, using lymphoma as reference, both women and men with brain tumors were less likely to receive information (women: OR 0.10, CI = 0.03-0.30; men: OR 0.37, CI = 0.16-0.85). More intensive treatment was associated with higher odds of receiving information in both women (OR 1.89; CI = 1.28-2.79) and men (OR 2.08; CI = 1.09-3.94). None of the sociodemographic factors were associated with receipt of information.

CONCLUSIONS

To improve sexual health communication to young adults with cancer, we recommend diagnosis-specific routines that clarify when in the disease trajectory to discuss these issues with patients and what to address in these conversations.

Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a psychosocial support program for adolescent and young adult cancer patients in clinical practice: a retrospective observational study

PURPOSE

Adolescent and young adult cancer patients (AYAs) often experience profound psychological distress, with various unmet supportive care needs that can be alleviated with appropriate screening and attention by healthcare workers. The Distress Thermometer and Problem List-Japanese version (DTPL-J) is our previously developed screening tool to facilitate individual support of AYAs. This study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a psychosocial support program based on the DTPL-J for AYAs in clinical practice.

METHODS

This multicenter, retrospective, observational study included 19 of 126 wards and 9 of 75 outpatient clinics at 8 institutions in Japan. Over 200 patients were expected to participate during the eligibility period. Patients participated in a support program at least once, and approximately once a month based on the DTPL-J results. The program was evaluated using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) implementation framework.

RESULTS

The screening rate of the 361 participants was 90.3%, suggesting high feasibility. Distress Thermometer scores, the number of supportive care needs, and the rates of AYAs with high distress were significantly reduced 1 month after screening (p < 0.05), suggesting the preliminary effectiveness of the program. The program was continued at the 8 institutions as part of routine care after the study.

CONCLUSION

Analysis using the RE-AIM suggested the sufficient feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a psychosocial support program based on the DTPL-J for AYAs.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000042857. Registered 25 December 2020-Retrospectively registered.

Contraceptive use and contraceptive counselling interventions for women of reproductive age with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

A lack of clarity exists regarding contraceptive uptake and counselling among women with cancer, despite these women having unique family planning needs. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature and produce an overall summary estimate of contraceptive use and counselling among women with cancer across the cancer care continuum.

METHODS

A systematic search of articles reporting on contraceptive counselling and/or contraceptive use among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) with cancer across the cancer care continuum (e.g. diagnosis, treatment, survivorship) was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers conducted the data screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analyses were conducted to summarise the key findings.

RESULTS

We included 21 articles involving 3835 participants in this review. Studies varied according to the cancer population and time along the cancer care continuum it was assessed. Of the studies that reported the overall contraceptive prevalence among women diagnosed with cancer (n = 8), contraceptive use ranged from 25 to 92%. Of the four studies that focused on cancer survivors, the contraceptive prevalence ranged from 47 to 84%. When the prevalence of these studies was pooled, a crude summary prevalence of 64% (62% among women with cancer versus 68% among cancer survivors) was found. The rate of contraceptive counselling was assessed in ten studies. A pooled prevalence of 50% (44% among women with cancer versus 58% among cancer survivors) was found, with the prevalence ranging from 12 to 78% among individual studies depending on the point in the cancer care continuum that it was provided. When contraceptive counselling was provided, it was found to significantly increase contraceptive use although biases were identified in its application.

CONCLUSIONS

Contraceptive counselling interventions as part of standard cancer care have the potential to not only empower women with cancer and cancer survivors to make informed choices regarding their reproductive health but also provide the ability to plan future pregnancies for times of better health.

Development and evaluation of the feasibility, validity, and reliability of a screening tool for determining distress and supportive care needs of adolescents and young adults with cancer in Japan

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to (i) develop a screening tool for determining distress and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult cancer patients (AYAs) based on the NCCN's Distress Thermometer and Problem List (DTPL), (ii) evaluate its feasibility, discriminant validity, and test-retest reliability in clinical settings, and (iii) report prevalence of distress and unmet needs.

METHOD

In the development phase, after translation of the Japanese version of the DTPL (DTPL-J) from English into Japanese and back translation, cognitive debriefing was performed. Items in the problem list were modified to better reflect AYAs' concerns after interviews. The modified items were reviewed and accepted unanimously by healthcare professionals. In the feasibility phase, the DTPL-J for AYAs was used in a clinical setting for 3 months. Descriptive statistics of participants' demographics, selected items, and DT scores were calculated to report prevalence of distress and unmet needs. Response and referral rates to experts were assessed to evaluate feasibility. Some items were compared with patient demographics to assess discriminant validity. Among the patients who responded at least twice, correlations between two consecutive screenings were assessed to evaluate test-retest reliability.

RESULTS

The DTPL-J consisted of 49 items in five categories. Of 251 patients, 232 (92.4%) were provided the DTPL-J and 230 (91.6%) responded. Based on the DT cutoff of ≥4, 69 of 230 patients (30%) had high distress. Anxiety (n = 85, 36.6%) was the most commonly selected item. Primary nurses referred 45 (21.7%) patients to an attending physician or another expert. Referral rates after DTPL-J use were higher than rates before use, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). The items compared were consistent with their social background. A positive correlation was observed between two responses for some items.

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS

The feasibility, discriminant validity, and test-retest reliability of the tool were suggested.

A Support System for Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Cancer at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

Cancer patients in adolescents and young adults (AYA) generation aged 15-39 years have various psychosocial needs during their treatment course such as school enrollment, finding employment, marriage, and fertility. It is difficult for medical professionals to gain experience related to providing medical care and consultation support to these kinds of AYA generation cancer patients. There is a need to provide information and establish both support and medical care systems that are able to meet the diverse needs unique to this generation. This review will explain how to launch an AYA support team (AST). We have worked and established the AST since 2016, which is medical care teams that provide support according to the life stage of each individual patient and build a multidisciplinary AYA generation patient support system. The team-building process consisted of two main projects: building and enlarging multidisciplinary team and establishing screening process of psychosocial needs of AYA generation patients. Multidisciplinary healthcare professionals got involved in the AST with already-existing patient support functions in our center: the patient support center, which is an outpatient department and the palliative care team, which is an inpatient interdepartmental team. The AST systematically finds patients in need of assistance and offers them support as a multidisciplinary team. The AST also established a procedure that systematically gathers information about the needs of patients by using a screening tool. In addition, the AST provides the following specialized services: reproductive medicine, supporting cancer patients with children, employment support, and peer support. The AST has been established and sophisticatedly worked. It can flexibly provide various psychosocial support services. This review will explain how to launch an AST.

Dyadic support across contraceptive decision-making among young adult breast cancer survivors and their partners

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of dyadic support across the contraceptive decision-making process between young adult breast cancer (YABC) survivors and their partners.

RESEARCH APPROACH

Semi-structured interviews with YABC survivors and their partners.

PARTICIPANTS

Twenty-five young adult breast cancer survivors and their partners (n = 50). Survivors reported an average age of 36.9 years (SD = 4.30) and the majority self-identified as white (86.2%).

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH

Thematic analysis approach with dyads as the primary unit of analysis, guided by the dyadic decision-making framework and the Theory of Gender and Power.

RESULTS

Perceived lack of contraceptive options due to a history of hormone-sensitive cancer, perceived infertility, and contraception as a result of cancer treatment (e.g., hysterectomy) contributed to the contraceptive decision context for survivors and their partners. Contraceptive support varied across couples depending on the cancer-specific context, where communication, sharing responsibility, and respecting bodily autonomy revealed as supportive behaviors. Other social influences including survivors' desire to conceive biologically and family planning desires also related to partner supportive behaviors.

INTERPRETATIONS

YABC survivors face specific challenges to contraceptive decision-making where partners can offer supportive behaviors. Health care providers can also support couples by engaging in triadic communication about contraception and family planning.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL PROVIDERS OR POLICY

Psychosocial providers can support couples by encouraging them to talk together about contraception and highlighting the importance of triadic communication with a healthcare provider to support shared decision-making and alignment of contraceptive decisions with family planning desires.