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Niu Z, Qu ST, Zhang L, Dai JH, Wang K, Liu Y, Chen L, Song Y, Sun R, Xu ZH, Zhang HL. Trim14-IκBα Signaling Regulates Chronic Inflammatory Pain in Rats and Osteoarthritis Patients. Neuroscience 2024; 548:39-49. [PMID: 38697463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory pain is the highest priority for people with osteoarthritis when seeking medical attention. Despite the availability of NSAIDs and glucocorticoids, central sensitization and peripheral sensitization make pain increasingly difficult to control. Previous studies have identified the ubiquitination system as an important role in the chronic inflammatory pain. Our study displayed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing 14 (Trim14) was abnormally elevated in the serum of patients with osteoarthritis and pain, and the degree of pain was positively correlated with the degree of Trim14 elevation. Furthermore, CFA-induced inflammatory pain rat model showed that Trim14 was significantly increased in the L3-5 spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and in turn the inhibitor of nuclear factor Kappa-B isoform α (IκBα) was decreased after Trim14 elevation. After intrathecal injection of Trim14 siRNA to inhibit Trim14 expression, IκBα expression was reversed and increased, and the pain behaviors and anxiety behaviors of rats were significantly relieved. Overall, these findings suggested that Trim14 may contribute to chronic inflammatory pain by degrading IκBα, and that Trim14 may become a novel therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Niu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Shu-Ting Qu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Jia-Hao Dai
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Pain, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Long Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ren Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China.
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- Center of Translational Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Zhang D, Dong X, Li X, Yang Y, Li H, Hong Y, Yang G, Kong X, Wang X, Ma X. Moxibustion ameliorates chronic inflammatory visceral pain via spinal circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks: a central mechanism study. Mol Brain 2024; 17:23. [PMID: 38750560 PMCID: PMC11097453 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to unveil the central mechanism of moxibustion treating chronic inflammatory visceral pain (CIVP) from the angle of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in the spinal cord. The rat CIVP model was established using a mixture of 5% (w/v) 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and 50% ethanol at a volume ratio of 2:1 via enema. Rats in the moxibustion group received herb-partitioned moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25, bilateral) and Qihai (CV6) points. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were adopted for pain behavior observation and pain sensitivity assessment. The circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles were detected using the high-throughput sequencing technique. Relevant databases and bioinformatics analysis methods were used to screen for differentially expressed (DE) RNAs and build a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (competing endogenous RNA) ceRNA regulatory network. The real-time quantitative PCR was employed to verify the sequencing result. CIVP rat models had a significantly higher AWR and lower TWL and MWT than normal rats. Between normal and model rats, there were 103 DE-circRNAs, 16 DE-miRNAs, and 397 DE-mRNAs in the spinal cord. Compared with the model group, the moxibustion group had a lower AWR and higher TWL and MWT; between these two groups, there were 118 DE-circRNAs, 15 DE-miRNAs, and 804 DE-mRNAs in the spinal cord. Two ceRNA networks were chosen to be verified. As a result, moxibustion's analgesic effect on visceral pain in CIVP rats may be associated with regulating the circRNA_02767/rno-miR-483-3p/Gfap network in the spinal cord and improving central sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xi'an Hospital of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hongna Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiehe Kong
- Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Zhang X, Shi L, Chen C, Ma Y, Ma Y. The role of miRNA in IBS pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy: The latest thought. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00255-X. [PMID: 38342744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.01.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
IBS is a prevalent clinical condition affecting bowel function. There is a restricted comprehension of its pathogenesis, an absence of particular diagnostic tools, and an insufficiency of efficient pharmacological remedies. MiRNAs are a highly conserved class of non-coding small molecule RNAs, with a length of 20-24 nucleotides. Research has shown the presence of a number of differentially expressed miRNAs in the colonic tissue and peripheral blood of IBS patients. Meanwhile, miRNAs have a critical role in gene expression and the pathology of IBS as they act as significant mediators of post-transcriptional gene silencing. The investigation of miRNA molecular regulatory networks proves useful in examining the convoluted pathogenesis of IBS. This paper presents a review of recent literature on miRNAs associated with IBS, explains how miRNAs contribute to the development of IBS, and assesses the potential usefulness of miRNA analysis for diagnosing and treating IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Lin W, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Liu C, Lin M, Tang Y, Chen A, Wu B, Lin C. Dorsoventral hippocampus distinctly modulates visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors in male IBS-like rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102. [PMID: 38284854 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggest dysfunctions in the hippocampus are associated with chronic pain. Nevertheless, the role of hippocampal circuitry in pain memories and emotional responses is not yet fully understood. In this study, we utilized a comprehensive approach that combined electromyography (EMG), photochemical genetic techniques, and anxiety-related behavioral paradigms to investigate the involvement of dorsal hippocampus (DH) and ventral hippocampus (VH) in visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors in male rats. Our results demonstrated that IBS-like rats exhibited comorbid visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, along with the number of activated neurons in the VH was higher than that in the DH. Manipulation of glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampus was identified as a crucial mechanism underlying the mediation of both visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors. Specifically, optogenetic activation of the DH induced both visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, while activation of the VH induced anxiety but did not affect visceral sensitivity. Conversely, chemogenetic inhibition of the DH reduced both visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, whereas inhibition of the VH alleviated anxiety but did not alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-like rats. Our study highlights the important role of early life stress in inducing visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, and further elucidates the distinct functional contributions of the DH and VH to these behavioral changes. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS, and suggest that targeting specific hippocampal neuron subtypes may represent a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Congxu Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengying Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aiqin Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Huang KY, Wang FY, Lv M, Ma XX, Tang XD, Lv L. Irritable bowel syndrome: Epidemiology, overlap disorders, pathophysiology and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4120-4135. [PMID: 37475846 PMCID: PMC10354571 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disease with a significant impact on patients' quality of life and a high socioeconomic burden. And the understanding of IBS has changed since the release of the Rome IV diagnosis in 2016. With the upcoming Rome V revision, it is necessary to review the results of IBS research in recent years. In this review of IBS, we can highlight future concerns by reviewing the results of IBS research on epidemiology, overlap disorders, pathophysiology, and treatment over the past decade and summarizing the latest research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue Huang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Institute of Spleen and Stomach Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Feng-Yun Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Institute of Spleen and Stomach Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mi Lv
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Institute of Spleen and Stomach Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiang-Xue Ma
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Institute of Spleen and Stomach Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Institute of Spleen and Stomach Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Institute of Spleen and Stomach Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100091, China
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Liu Y, Lin W, Yang Y, Shao J, Zhao H, Wang G, Shen A. Role of cuproptosis-related gene in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1080985. [PMID: 36620594 PMCID: PMC9811388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. Dysregulation of cell proliferation and death plays a crucial role in the development of LUAD. As of recently, the role of a new form of cell death, cuproptosis, and it has attracted more and more attention. As of yet, it is not clear whether cuproptosis is involved in the progression of LUAD. Methods An integrated set of bioinformatics tools was utilized to analyze the expression and prognostic significance of cuproptosis-related genes. Meanwhile, a robust risk signature was developed using machine learning based on prognostic cuproptosis-related genes and explored the value of prognostic cuproptosis-related signature for clinical applications, functional enrichment and immune landscape. Lastly, the dysregulation of the cuproptosis-related genes in LUAD was validated by in vitro experiment. Results In this study, first, cuproptosis-related genes were found to be differentially expressed in LUAD patients of public databases, and nine of them had prognostic value. Next, a cuproptosis-related model with five features (DLTA, MTF1, GLS, PDHB and PDHA1) was constructed to separate the patients into high- and low-risk groups based on median risk score. Internal validation set and external validation set were used for model validation and evaluation. What's more, Enrichment analysis of differential genes and the WGCNA identified that cuproptosis-related signatures affected tumor prognosis by influencing tumor immunity. Small molecule compounds were predicted based on differential expressed genes to improve poor prognosis in the high-risk group and a nomogram was constructed to further advance clinical applications. In closing, our data showed that FDX1 affected the prognosis of lung cancer by altering the expression of cuproptosis-related signature. Conclusion A new cuproptosis-related signature for survival prediction was constructed and validated by machine learning algorithm and in vitro experiments to reflect tumor immune infiltration in LUAD patients. The purpose of this article was to provide a potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - JingJing Shao
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Aiguo Shen
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China,*Correspondence: Aiguo Shen,
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Lin W, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Lin M, Liu C, Tang Y, Wu B, Lin C. Methyltransferase-like 3 modulates visceral hypersensitivity through regulating the nuclear export of circKcnk9 in YTHDC1-dependent manner. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221144540. [PMID: 36443649 PMCID: PMC9730012 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221144540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence shows that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modulators contribute to the process of chronic pain. However, the exact mechanisms of m6A writers involved in visceral hypersensitivity of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remain unclear. This article aimed to reveal a new mechanism for the progression of IBS. Methods: The IBS-like model was established by neonatal colorectal distention (CRD). The relationship between m6A and circKcnk9 was analyzed by bioinformatics, immunofluorescence and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. Visceral hypersensitivity was assessed based on the electromyography (EMG) response of the abdominal external oblique muscle to CRD. In vivo and in vitro studies (including EMG stereotactic infusion, Western blot and qRT-PCR) were utilized to explore the biological functions of related indicators. The bioinformatics, RIP experiments and RNA pull-down assays were used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Results: We identified that neonatal CRD increased the level of the m6A via methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in the hippocampal neurons. Subsequently, knockdown of METTL3 could alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-like rats. By contrast, overexpression of METTL3 could induce visceral hypersensitivity and activate hippocampal neurons in control rats. Moreover, YTHDC1, the only m6A-associated protein predicted by bioinformatics to bind to circKcnk9, modulated visceral hypersensitivity through regulating the nuclear export of circKcnk9 in an m6A-dependent manner. Notably, FISH data suggested that the increased nuclear staining of circKcnk9 caused by siYTHDC1 could be recovered by overexpression of YTHDC1 wild type (WT) but not YTHDC1 negative control (NC) in PC12 cells. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a new regulatory mechanism in progress of IBS, that is, METTL3 modulates visceral hypersensitivity through regulating the nuclear export of circKcnk9 in YTHDC1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Cancer Research Center Nantong, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengying Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Congxu Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Ying Tang, Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Bin Wu, Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China.
| | - Chun Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Chun Lin, Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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