Palliative Management of Inoperable Malignant Bowel Obstruction: Prospective, Open Label, Phase 2 Study at an NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center

Development and validation of a clinical prognosis prediction model for malignant intestinal obstruction: A retrospective cohort study

Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common and complex condition in clinical practice, which seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. However, the current lack of effective prognostic models for MBO has greatly limited clinical precision treatment and patient management. Focusing on this issue, this study aims to construct and validate a prognostic model for the overall survival (OS) of MBO patients, providing crucial support for clinical decision - making and improving the prognosis of patients. In this study, 41 items of real - world data from 192 patients in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2022 to January 2024 were collected, including 39 independent variables, survival time, and survival status. Subsequently, the patients were randomly divided into groups at a ratio of 7:3. Predictor variables were screened using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression, and then a Cox model was constructed. The model was validated using the Concordance index (C - index), time - dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Finally, a nomogram of the model was created. The study found that significant risk factors affecting patient mortality included chemoradiotherapy (β = - 1.24; HR = 0.29;95%CI, 0.14-0.59), conservative treatment (β = 1.34; HR = 3.81; 95%CI, 1.69-8.55), new cases (β = - 0.96; HR = 0.38; 95%CI, 0.19-0.77), AJCC T stage 4 (β = 2.16; HR = 8.64; 95%CI, 1.47-50.76), red blood cell count (RBC, β = - 0.63; HR = 0.53; ; 95%CI, 0.38-0.80), prothrombin time (PT, β = 0.37; HR = 1.45; ; 95%CI, 1.07-1.97), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, β = 0.01; HR = 1.01; 95%CI, 1.00-1.02), and intestinal necrosis (β = 1.73; HR = 5.62; 95%CI, 1.11-28.27). In the development set, the AUC and C - index values of the prognostic models for 30 - day, 90 - day, and 180 - day are 0.87, 0.94, and 0.92 respectively. In the validation set, the corresponding values are 0.83, 0.96, and 0.89. The results of DCA analysis indicated that the model was reliable and could effectively predict the 30 - day, 90 - day, and 180 - day survival periods of MBO patients. This study successfully constructed and validated a prognostic model for the overall survival of MBO patients. This model identified multiple key prognostic factors and exhibited good predictive performance. It provides important reference for clinicians to predict the survival period of MBO patients and develop personalized treatment plans, and is expected to improve the clinical outcomes of MBO patients.

EUS Guided Enterocolostomy for the Palliation of Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction From a Cecal Adenocarcinoma

Malignant bowel obstruction is a challenging complication in advanced gastrointestinal malignancies with varying treatment strategies including medical, surgical and endoscopic therapies, each with their own limitations. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided enterocolostomy has been previously reported as an option for patients who are not surgical candidates or ideal candidates for enteral stenting. In this case, endoscopic ultrasound-guided enterocolostomy is used for the palliation in a patient with a completely obstructing large cecal adenocarcinoma who declined surgical intervention.

Management of Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Patients with Gynaecological Cancer: A Systematic Review

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate current surgical and non-surgical management strategies for malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) in patients with gynaecological cancer. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus, without restrictions on language or publication date. Following the removal of duplicates, 4866 articles were screened, with 34 meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: Surgical intervention remains the definitive treatment for MBO, offering longer symptom-free periods and improved survival, particularly when conservative methods fail. However, the selection of surgical candidates is crucial due to the high risk of morbidity and the potential for significant complications. Non-surgical treatments, such as the use of Gastrografin, Octreotide, and Dexamethasone, along with invasive procedures like nasogastric tubing, percutaneous gastrostomy, and stent placement, offer varying degrees of symptom relief and are often considered when surgery is not feasible. Conclusions: In this article we provide a potential therapeutic algorithm for the management of patients with MBO. This review underscores the urgent need for high-quality research to develop clear, evidence-based guidelines for MBO management in patients with gynaecologic cancer. Establishing standardised protocols will improve patient outcomes by aiding clinicians in making informed, individualised treatment decisions.