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Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer/Camptothecin Complex: From Synthesis to In Vitro Cancer Cell Line Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062696. [PMID: 36985668 PMCID: PMC10052527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT), an alkaloid with potent anticancer activity, is still not used in clinical practice due to its high hydrophobicity, toxicity, and poor active-form stability. To address these shortcomings, our research focuses on the encapsulation of this drug in the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer macromolecule. The PAMAM dendrimer/CPT complex was synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The in vitro drug release study revealed that the drug was released in a slow and controlled manner in acidic and physiological conditions and that more than 80% of the drug was released after 168 h of incubation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that CPT was released with first-order kinetics and non-Fickian transport. The studies on the hemolytic activity of the synthesized complex indicated that it is hemocompatible for potential intravenous administration at a concentration ≤ 5 µg/mL. Additionally, the developed product was shown to reduce the viability of non-small-cell lung cancer cells (A549) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and cancer cells were more susceptible to the complex than normal fibroblasts. Lastly, molecular modeling studies revealed that the lactone or carboxylic forms of CPT had a significant impact on the shape and stability of the complex and that its formation with the lactone form of CPT was more energetically favorable for each subsequent molecule than the carboxylic form. The report represents a systematic and structured approach to develop a PAMAM dendrimer/CPT complex that can be used as an effective drug delivery system (DDS) for the potential treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Rayyad A, Makki AA, Chourpa I, Massot V, Bonnier F. Quantification of clinical mAb solutions using Raman spectroscopy: Macroscopic vs microscopic analysis. Talanta 2022; 250:123692. [PMID: 35777345 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raman Spectroscopy is well emerged in the field of Analytical Quality Control (AQC) as a rapid and cost-effective technique useful in many applications. The advantage of Raman spectroscopy is the non-invasiveness of measurements that enablesto analyse samples directly in its container. In this study, the potential of Raman spectroscopy was investigated for analysis of clinical preparations of mAbs. Three commercial formulations of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) Avastin®, Ontruzant® and Tecentriq® corresponding to Bevacizumab (BVC), Trastuzumab (TRS) and Atezolizumab (ATZ) respectively, were analysed in quartz cuvette in macroscopic analysis and through the wall of perfusion bags in microscopic analysis. The spectra have been compared to those of excipients (trehalose and sucrose) and of γ-Globulin, in order to investigate the origin of Raman bands. As expected, Raman spectra were a combination of bands from monoclonal antibodies and correspoding excipients found in formulas. For quantitative analysis of the solutions, models have been constructed using Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) with Leave K-Out Cross Validation (LKOCV). The quantification performance was comparable for both macroscopic and microscopic analysis, in terms of error and linearity. The results are thus promising for future AQC in situ, in perfusion bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyoub Rayyad
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Alaa A Makki
- University of Gezira, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 20, 21111, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Igor Chourpa
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Victor Massot
- CHU de Tours, Unité de Biopharmacie Clinique Oncologique, Pharmacie, France
| | - Franck Bonnier
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France.
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Makki AA, Elderderi S, Massot V, Respaud R, Byrne HJ, Tauber C, Bertrand D, Mohammed E, Chourpa I, Bonnier F. In situ Analytical Quality Control of chemotherapeutic solutions in infusion bags by Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2021; 228:122137. [PMID: 33773705 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Analytical Quality Control (AQC) in centralised preparation units of oncology centers is a common procedure relying on the identification and quantification of the prepared chemotherapeutic solutions for safe intravenous administration to patients. Although the use of Raman spectroscopy for AQC has gained much interest, in most applications it remains coupled to a flow injection analyser (FIA) requiring withdrawal of the solution for analysis. In addition to current needs for more rapid and cost-effective analysis, the risk of exposure of clinical staff to the toxic molecules during daily handling is a serious concern to address. Raman spectroscopic analysis, for instance by Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM), could enable direct analysis (non-invasive) for AQC directly in infusion bags. In this study, 3 anticancer drugs, methotrexate (MTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine (GEM) have been selected to highlight the potential of CRM for withdrawal free analysis. Solutions corresponding to the clinical range of each drug were prepared in 5% glucose and data was collected from infusion bags placed under the Raman microscope. Firstly, 100% discrimination has been obtained by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) confirming that the identification of drugs can be performed. Secondly, using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), quantitative analysis was performed with mean % error of predicted concentrations of respectively 3.31%, 5.54% and 8.60% for MTX, 5-FU and GEM. These results are in accordance with the 15% acceptance criteria used for the current clinical standard technique, FIA, and the Limits of Detection for all drugs were determined to be substantially lower than the administered range, thus highlighting the potential of confocal Raman spectroscopy for direct analysis of chemotherapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Makki
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France; University of Gezira, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 20, 21111, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Suha Elderderi
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France; University of Gezira, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 20, 21111, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Victor Massot
- CHU de Tours, Unité de Biopharmacie Clinique Oncologique, Pharmacie, France
| | - Renaud Respaud
- Université de Tours, UMR 1100, CHRU de Tours, Service de Pharmacie, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, TU Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Clovis Tauber
- Université de Tours, INSERM UMR 1253 IBrain, 37000, Tours, France
| | | | - Elhadi Mohammed
- University of Gezira, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Center (MAPRC), P.O. Box 20, 21111, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Igor Chourpa
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Franck Bonnier
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France.
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An analytical "quality by design" approach in RP-HPLC method development and validation for reliable and rapid estimation of irinotecan in an injectable formulation. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:57-79. [PMID: 32697749 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a robust, simple, economical and sensitive HPLC-UV method using the "quality-by-design" approach for the estimation of irinotecan (IRI) in marketed formulations. RP-HPLC method was developed by applying Box-Behnken design with Hyper-Clone (Phenomenex®) C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm id, particle size 5 µm, ODS 130 Å) as a stationary phase. Acetonitrile and 20 mmol L-1 potassium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 0.1 % triethylamine in a ratio of 45:55 % (V/V) was used as a mobile phase. The sample was injected in a volume of 20 µL into the HPLC system. UV detector at 254 nm was used to estimate and quantify IRI. Isocratic elution was opted while the flow rate was maintained at 0.75 mL min-1. The retention time of IRI was found to be 4.09 min. The responses were found to be linear for concentration range of 0.5 to 18.0 µg mL-1 and the coefficient of determination value was found to be 0.9993. Percent relative standard deviation for intra- and inter-day precisions was found in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 %. LOD and LOQ values were found to be 4.87 and 14.75 ng mL-1, resp. Robustness studies confirmed that the developed method is robust with RSD of a maximum 0.1 %. The method is simple, precise, sensitive, robust and economical making it applicable to the estimation of IRI in an injectable formulation.
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A fast method for the detection of irinotecan in plasma samples by combining solid phase extraction and differential pulse voltammetry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1585-1595. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhuang Q, Liu X, Sun Z, Wang H, Jiang J. A validated UPLC-MS/MS method to determine free and total irinotecan and its two metabolites in human plasma after intravenous administration of irinotecan hydrochloride liposome injection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 170:112-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bonazza G, Tartaggia S, Toffoli G, Polo F, Daniele S. Voltammetric behaviour of the anticancer drug irinotecan and its metabolites in acetonitrile. Implications for electrochemical therapeutic drug monitoring. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Basu S, Zeng M, Yin T, Gao S, Hu M. Development and validation of an UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of irinotecan, SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide in plasma, urine, feces, liver and kidney: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of irinotecan in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1015-1016:34-41. [PMID: 26894853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop and validate a sensitive and reproducible UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify irinotecan, its active metabolite SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide (phase II metabolite of SN-38) simultaneously in different bio-matrices (plasma, urine, feces), tissues (liver and kidney) and to use the method to investigate its pharmacokinetic behavior in rats. Irinotecan, SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide has been resolved and separated by C18 column using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water used as the mobile phases. Triple quadruple mass spectrometer using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with positive scan mode were employed to perform mass analysis. The results showed that the linear response range of irinotecan and SN-38 in plasma, feces, liver and kidney is 4.88-10000 nM, 39-5000 nM, 48.8-6250 nM and 48.8-6250 nM, respectively (R(2)>0.99). In case of SN-38 glucuronide, the standard curves were linear in the concentration range of 6.25-2000 nM, 4.88-1250 nM, 9.8-1250 nM and 9.8-1250 nM in plasma, feces, liver and kidney homogenates, respectively. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) of irinotecan, SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide was determined to be less than 25 nM in all bio-matrices as well as tissue homogenates. Recoveries of irinotecan, SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide at three different concentrations (low, medium and high) were not less than 85% at three different concentrations in plasma and feces. The percentage matrix factors in different bio-matrices and tissues were within 20%. The UPLC-MS/MS method was validated with intra-day and inter-day precision of less than 15% in plasma, feces, liver and kidney. Owing to the high sensitivity of this method, only 20 μl of plasma, urine and homogenates of liver, kidney and feces is needed. The validated method has been successfully employed for pharmacokinetic evaluation of irinotecan in male wistar rats to quantify irinotecan, SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide in plasma, feces, and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Basu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Thoracic and Cardiomacrovascular surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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9
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Temerk YM, Ibrahim HSM, Schuhmann W. Square Wave Cathodic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of the Anticancer Drugs Flutamide and Irinotecan in Biological Fluids Using Renewable Pencil Graphite Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Routine application of Raman spectroscopy in the quality control of hospital compounded ganciclovir. Int J Pharm 2014; 474:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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The contribution of Raman spectroscopy to the analytical quality control of cytotoxic drugs in a hospital environment: Eliminating the exposure risks for staff members and their work environment. Int J Pharm 2014; 470:70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Bourget P, Amin A, Vidal F, Merlette C, Lagarce F. Comparison of Raman spectroscopy vs. high performance liquid chromatography for quality control of complex therapeutic objects: Model of elastomeric portable pumps filled with a fluorouracil solution. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 91:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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[The Raman Spectroscopy (RS): A new tool for the analytical quality control of injectable in health settings. Comparison of RS technique versus HPLC and UV/Vis-FTIR, applied to anthracyclines as anticancer drugs]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:369-79. [PMID: 23062768 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study compares the performances of three analytical methods devoted to Analytical Quality Control (AQC) of therapeutic solutions formed into care environment, we are talking about Therapeutics Objects(TN) (TOs(TN)). We explored the pharmacological model of two widely used anthracyclines i.e. adriamycin and epirubicin. We compared the performance of the HPLC versus two vibrational spectroscopic techniques: a tandem UV/Vis-FTIR on one hand and Raman Spectroscopy (RS) on the other. The three methods give good results for the key criteria of repeatability, of reproducibility and, of accuracy. A Spearman and a Kendall correlation test confirms the noninferiority of the vibrational techniques as an alternative to the reference method (HPLC). The selection of bands for characterization and quantification by RS is the results of a gradual process adjustment, at the intercept of matrix effects. From the perspective of a AQC associated to release of TOs, RS displays various advantages: (a) to decide quickly (~2min), simultaneously and without intrusion or withdrawal on both the nature of a packaging than on a solvant and this, regardless of the compound of interest; it is the founder asset of the method, (b) to explore qualitatively and quantitatively any kinds of TOs, (c) operator safety is guaranteed during production and in the laboratory, (d) the suppression of analytical releases or waste contribute to protects the environment, (e) the suppression.of consumables, (f) a negligible costs of maintenance, (g) a small budget of technicians training. These results already show that the SR technology is potentially a strong contributor to the safety of the medication cycle and fight against the iatrogenic effects of drugs.
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Dziopa F, Galy G, Bauler S, Vincent B, Crochon S, Tall ML, Pirot F, Pivot C. A quantitative and qualitative method to control chemotherapeutic preparations by Fourier transform infrared-ultraviolet spectrophotometry. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2012; 19:121-9. [PMID: 23014899 DOI: 10.1177/1078155212457963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy products in hospitals include a reconstitution step of manufactured drugs providing an adapted dosage to each patient. The administration of highly iatrogenic drugs raises the question of patients' safety and treatment efficiency. In order to reduce administration errors due to faulty preparations, we introduced a new qualitative and quantitative routine control based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. This automated method enabled fast and specific control for 14 anticancer drugs. A 1.2 mL sample was used to assay and identify each preparation in less than 90 sec. Over a two-year period, 9370 controlled infusion bags showed a 1.49% nonconformity rate, under 15% tolerance from the theoretical concentration and 96% minimum identification matching factor. This study evaluated the reliability of the control process, as well as its accordance to chemotherapy deliverance requirements. Thus, corrective measures were defined to improve the control process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Dziopa
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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15
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Akhtar N, Talegaonkar S, Khar RK, Faiyazuddin M, Ahmad FJ, Iqbal Z, Jaggi M. A STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF IRINOTECAN IN BULK DRUG AND MARKETED INJECTABLES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.572214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Akhtar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Roop. K. Khar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Faiyazuddin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhan J. Ahmad
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- b Dabur Research Foundation , Sahibabad, U.P., India
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Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85:2265-89. [PMID: 21962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.
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17
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Paci A, Borget I, Mercier L, Azar Y, Desmaris RP, Bourget P. Safety and quality assurance of chemotherapeutic preparations in a hospital production unit: Acceptance sampling plan and economic impact. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2011; 18:163-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155211402865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The opportunity to apply a sampling plan was evaluated. Costs were computed by a microcosting study. Setting: In 2003, a sampling plan was defined to reduce the number of chemotherapy quality controls while preserving the same level of quality. Recent qualitative and quantitative changes led us to define a second sampling plan supplemented by an economic evaluation to determine the cost and cost-savings of quality control. Methods: The study considers preparation produced during four semesters classified into three groups. The first one includes drugs produced below 200 batches a semester. Group 2, those for which the lot of preparation lots would have been rejected twice among these four semesters. Group 3, those would have been accepted (≥3 ‘acceptable lot’). A single sampling plan by attributes was applied to this group with an acceptance quality level of 1.65% and a lot tolerance percent defective below 5%. A micro-costing study was conducted on quality control, from the sampling to the validation of the results. Results: Among 39 cytotoxic drugs, 11 were sampled which enabled to avoid a mean of 17,512 control assays per year. Each batch of the 28 non-sampled drugs was however analyzed. Costs were estimated at 2.98€ and 5.25€ for control assays depending of the analytical method. The savings from the application of the sampling plans was 153,207€ in 6 years. Conclusion: The sampling plan allowed maintaining constancy in number of controls and the level of quality with significant costsavings, despite a substantial increase in drugs to assay and in the number of preparations produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paci
- Pharmacology and Drug Analysis Department and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - I Borget
- Service of Health Economy, Biostatistic and Epidemiology Department, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - L Mercier
- Pharmacology and Drug Analysis Department and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Y Azar
- Pharmacology and Drug Analysis Department, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - RP Desmaris
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - P Bourget
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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18
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González-Ruiz V, Mussardo P, Corda E, Girotti S, Olives AI, Martín MA. Liquid chromatographic analysis of the anticancer alkaloid luotonin A and some new derivatives in human serum samples. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2086-93. [PMID: 20568252 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The quantitation of the natural cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory alkaloid luotonin A and five recently synthesized derivatives is described, constituting the first report of a HPLC method for the analysis of these compounds in human serum samples. The conditions for the chromatographic separation were optimized and the method was validated for the analysis of these compounds in biological samples according to international guidelines. An RP-HPLC method with fluorimetric detection and a C(18) stationary phase was applied. Different ACN/water mobile phases were assayed, including 0-4% of a mobile phase modifier such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or tert-butyl methyl ether. Isocratic and gradient elution conditions are compared. The influence of pH on the efficiency and resolution of the separation was also considered. The developed method was applied to the determination of luotonins in pooled human serum samples by gradient elution RP-HPLC using a simple cleanup procedure. The proposed chromatographic method exhibits satisfactory analytical figures of merit, with LOD from 1.0 x 10(-10) to 2.0 x 10(-10) M, intraday and interday precision below 6% except for the concentration level closest to LOD, and good agreement between experimental and theoretical concentrations. Therefore, the developed method is suitable, reliable, rapid, and simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor González-Ruiz
- Sección Departamental Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Li H, Li J, Yang Z, Xu Q, Hu X. Sodium dodecyl sulfate sensitized electrochemical method for sub-picomole level determination of topotecan hydrochloride at a novel disposable electrode. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Ramesh M, Ahlawat P, Srinivas NR. Irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN-38: review of bioanalytical methods and recent update from clinical pharmacology perspectives. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:104-23. [PMID: 19852077 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of irinotecan has revolutionized the applicability of camptothecins as predominant topoisomerase I inhibitor for anti-cancer therapy. The potent anti-tumor activity of irinotecan is due to rapid formation of an in vivo active metabolite, SN-38. Therefore, irinotecan is considered as a pro-drug to generate SN-38. Over the past decade, side-by-side with the clinical advancement of the use of irinotecan in the oncology field, a plethora of bioanalytical methods have been published to quantify irinotecan, SN-38 and other metabolites. Because of the availability of HPLC, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, the pharmacokinetic profiling of irinotecan and its metabolites has been accomplished in multiple species, including cancer patients. The developed assays continue to find use in the optimization of newly designed delivery systems with regard to pharmacokinetics to promote safe and effective use of either irinotecan or SN-38. This review intends to: firstly, provide an exhaustive compilation of the published assays for irinotecan, SN-38 and other metabolite(s) of irinotecan, as applicable; secondly, to enumerate the validation parameters and applicable conclusions; and thirdly, provide some recent perspectives in the clinical pharmacology arena pertaining to efflux transporters, pediatric profiling, role of kidney function in defining toxicity, drug-drug interaction potential of irinotecan, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mullangi Ramesh
- Jubilant Innovation, 96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
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Marques FFDC, da Cunha ALMC, Aucélio RQ. Selective Spectrofluorimetric Method and Uncertainty Calculation for the Determination of Camptothecin in the Presence of Irinotecan and Topotecan. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903402408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Determination of anticarcinogenic and rescue therapy drugs in urine by photoinduced spectrofluorimetry using multivariate calibration: comparison of several second-order methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1119-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Saravanan G, Suryanarayana MV, Balaji N, Someswararao N, Sekhar NM. A Stability-Indicating LC Method for Assay of Topotecan Hydrochloride. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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