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Roseboom IC, Rosing H, Beijnen JH, Dorlo TPC. Skin tissue sample collection, sample homogenization, and analyte extraction strategies for liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry quantification of pharmaceutical compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113590. [PMID: 33010602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of pharmaceutical compounds in skin tissue is challenging because of low expected concentrations, small typical sample volumes, and the hard nature of the skin structure itself. This review provides a comprehensive overview of sample collection, sample homogenization and analyte extraction methods that have been used to quantify pharmaceutical compounds in skin tissue, obtained from animals and humans, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. For each step in the process of sample collection to sample extraction, methods are compared to discuss challenges and provide practical guidance. Furthermore, liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry considerations regarding the quality and complexity of skin tissue sample measurements are discussed, with emphasis on analyte recovery and matrix effects. Given that the true recovery of analytes from skin tissue is difficult to assess, the extent of homogenization plays a crucial role in the accuracy of quantification. Chemical or enzymatic solubilization of skin tissue samples would therefore be preferable as homogenization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace C Roseboom
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas P C Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zhu XY, Liu JZ, Dong ZH, Feng F, Liu WY. Identification and screening of cardiac glycosides in Streptocaulon griffithii using an integrated data mining strategy based on high resolution mass spectrometry. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:546-560. [PMID: 30080653 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to develop a practical strategy to tackle the problem of lacking standard compounds and limited references for identifying structure-related compounds in Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f., especially those in trace concentrations, with a focus on antitumor activity. The cardiac glycosides (CGs)-enriched part was determined using in vitro bioactive assays in three cancer cell lines and then isolated using macroporous resins. The MS and MS/MS data were acquired using a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-time of flight (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) system. To acquire data of trace compound in the extract, a multiple segment program was applied to modify the HPLC-Q-TOF-MS method. A mass defect filter (MDF) approach was employed to make a primary MS data filtration. Utilizing a MATLAB program, the redundant peaks obtained by imprecise MDF template calculated with limited references were excluded by fragment ion classification, which was based on the ion occurrence number in the MDF-filtered total ion chromatograms (TIC). Additionally, the complete cleavage pathways of CG aglycones were proposed to assist the structural identification of 29 common fragment ions (CFIs, ion occurrence number ≥ 5) and diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs, ion occurrence number < 5). As a result, 30 CGs were filtered out from the MDF results, among which 23 were identified. This newly developed strategy may provide a rapid and effective tool for identifying structure-related compounds in herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Zhuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen-Huan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Feng X, Wang C, Xu Y, Turley J, Xie Z, Pierre SV, Hao J. Topical Digitoxigenin for Wound Healing: A Feasibility Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5010021. [PMID: 29510580 PMCID: PMC5874887 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cardiotonic steroids have been found to stimulate collagen synthesis and might be potential wound healing therapeutics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of digitoxigenin and its topical formulation for wound healing; (2) Methods: In the in vitro study, the human dermal fibroblast cells were treated with digitoxigenin and collagen synthesis was assessed. In the in vivo study, digitoxigenin was applied to excisional full-thickness wounds in rats immediately after wounding and remained for three days, and wound open was evaluated over 10 days. A digitoxigenin formulation for topical administration was prepared, and the in vitro release and in vivo wound healing effect were investigated; (3) Results: The expression of procollagen in human dermal fibroblast was significantly increased with the exposure to 0.1 nM digitoxigenin. Topical application of digitoxigenin in olive oil or alginate solution for three days significantly decreased the wound open in rats. Similarly, topical administration of the developed digitoxigenin formulation for three days also significantly increased wound healing. No wound healing effects were observed at days 7 and 10 after wounding when digitoxigenin was not applied; and, (4) Conclusions: It was possible to deliver digitoxigenin using the developed formulation. However, the wound healing effect of digitoxigenin and its mechanisms need to be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Cuifen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA.
| | - Joel Turley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA.
| | - Sandrine V Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA.
| | - Jinsong Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA.
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