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Donato L, Ubelaker DH, Bugelli V, Camatti J, Treglia M, Marsella LT, Cecchi R. Facial growth parameters in Down syndrome: Review of the literature and forensic application for missing persons age progression. J Forensic Leg Med 2024; 107:102756. [PMID: 39357325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) show growth trajectories which deviate from standard ones due to variations in the growth of facial structures. Studying the effect of aging on the faces of DS individuals is necessary to obtain an accurate result through age progression, a technique based on the study of physiognomic features and used in cases of missing persons. Here we present scientific publications that delve into the rhythms of aging and morphological characteristics of facial features in DS individuals to enable appropriate age progression in cases of missing DS individuals. RESULTS The scientific literature considered in this review studies the growth of soft tissue and bone substrate by comparing standard growth values with those measured through anthropometric measurements of individuals with DS. Growth trajectories are described by considering morphological trends both by comparing standard values with those found in individuals with DS and by observing individual physiognomic traits. CONCLUSIONS When a young individual with DS goes missing, the realization of an age progression requires knowledge of the aging dynamics peculiar to the DS face. Therefore, physical, cognitive, and clinical factors must be considered. Delayed physical development and early aging, such as the onset of puberty and weight gain, have an important impact on the realization of age progression. In fact, depending on the life period to be considered, the effects of aging must be calibrated based on the knowledge gathered from scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Donato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Laif (laboratorio di Antropologia e Invecchiamento Forense), Sezione di Medicina Legale, Sicurezza Sociale e Tossicologia Forense, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Douglas H Ubelaker
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA.
| | | | | | - Michele Treglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Laif (laboratorio di Antropologia e Invecchiamento Forense), Sezione di Medicina Legale, Sicurezza Sociale e Tossicologia Forense, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Tonino Marsella
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Laif (laboratorio di Antropologia e Invecchiamento Forense), Sezione di Medicina Legale, Sicurezza Sociale e Tossicologia Forense, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Alqahtani AS, Algabbani MF, Alhammad SA, Alwadeai KS, Alhusaini A. Physical activity status and its association with quality of life among children with down syndrome in Saudi Arabia: A comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297111. [PMID: 38346033 PMCID: PMC10861077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes physical and cognitive challenges. Identifying the impact of sedentary behavior and physical activity on people with Down syndrome is crucial for early intervention. The purpose of this study is to compare physical activity and sedentary behavior among children with Down syndrome and typically developing children, as well as assess their relationship with quality of life. METHODS In the cross-sectional study, 67 children between the ages of 6 and 12 were enrolled: 29 in the Down syndrome group and 38 in the typically developing group. Each child wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for seven days. Accelerometer data and quality of life data were analysed. RESULTS Physical activity and sedentary behavior were not significantly different between the Down syndrome and typically developing groups (p ˃ .05). With large effect sizes (partial eta squares ranging from 0.21 to 0.59), typically developing children had a significantly better quality of life than children with Down syndrome. There was a weak positive correlation between moderate physical activity and school performance in children with Down syndrome. For typically developing children, there is a weak negative correlation between light physical activity and physical function, school function, and total paediatric quality of life scale scores. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that children with Down syndrome have participated in more physical activities, resulting in a reduction in differences between them and typically developing children. Additionally, typically developing had higher quality of life than children with Down syndrome. For healthcare professionals and educators, these findings provide valuable insights into developing strategies to enhance physical activity for children with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani S. Alqahtani
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F. Algabbani
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A. Alhammad
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alwadeai
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alhusaini
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Herrera-Quintana L, Vázquez-Lorente H, Carranco Romo MJ, Flores Buitrón EP, Molina-López J, Moya MT, Planells E. Imbalanced dietary patterns, anthropometric, and body composition profiles amongst adults with Down syndrome. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:96-105. [PMID: 36579765 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2161139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to analyze the anthropometric and body composition profiles of Down syndrome (DS) adults; to describe their dietary habits, nutrient intake, and physical activity patterns; and to identify the related risk factors which may influence their health status and quality of life.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of 23 DS adults (45% women) aged 21-44 years. Anthropometry and body composition were assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Dietary nutrient intake was assessed quantitatively using a 72-h recall. A food frequency questionnaire and the prevention with Mediterranean diet-PREDIMED questionnaire were used for qualitative rating.Results: Higher fat mass (FM) and lower lean mass (LM), bone mass (BM), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were observed in women compared to men. LM and BM decreased, and body mass index (BMI), FM, and WHR increased with aging (all P < 0.05). Vitamin D and iodine intakes were not met by 70% and 60% of the studied participants, respectively. A total of 82% of the participants consumed less than 5 portions of fruits and vegetables per day and overconsumed food groups such as sweets and snacks and red meat (> 2 times per week). Protein intake showed a significant positive correlation with height (r = 0.489, P < 0.05), whereas fat intake was positively correlated with sweets and snacks (r = 0.521, P < 0.05).Conclusion: The present findings support the existence of poor anthropometric and body composition profiles, and diet quality, underscoring the need for an interdisciplinary team assessment to enhance health and quality of life in DS adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Herrera-Quintana
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - H Vázquez-Lorente
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Carranco Romo
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E P Flores Buitrón
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - M T Moya
- GranaDown, Down Syndrome Association of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Planells
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Suarez-Villadat B, Sadarangani KP, Villagra A. Effectiveness of exergames programme to modify body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with down syndrome after COVID-19 quarantine. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2210-2220. [PMID: 37194322 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2214805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS to determine the effect of a 20-week exergame program on different indicators of body composition and components of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods and Procedures Outcomes: 49 adolescents (19 female and 30 males; average age, 14.19 ± 2.06 years) with Down syndrome were recruited and randomized to two groups (control group vs. intervention group). Adolescents allocated in the control group carried out a physical activity program three times a week for 20 weeks meanwhile adolescents allocated in the exercise group performed an exergame program three times a week for 20 weeks. RESULTS The exercise group had significant improvements in all health-related physical fitness variables and there is an improvement in some body composition variables (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 20 week exergame program consisting of 3 sessions of 60 minutes is able to improve levels of body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome.Highlights Research in body composition and health-related physical fitness of people with Down syndrome has revealed that an exergame programme increases levels of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndromeAn exergame programme can improve differences in markers of body composition between the control group and the intervention groupThe intervention group that performed the exergame programme showed increases in health-related physical fitness levels after 20 weeks of intervention.The control group that performed a based on developing motor behaviour programme did not show differences in body composition or health-related physical fitness after 20 weeks of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Suarez-Villadat
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
- Education Department, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Dentistry, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Ariel Villagra
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Izquierdo-Gomez R, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Villagra A, Veiga ÓL, Martinez-Gómez D. Bidirectional longitudinal associations of fatness with physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. The UP&DOWN Longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:90-98. [PMID: 32786159 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional longitudinal associations of several markers of fatness and physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. METHODS This study comprised a total of 111 adolescents (41 females), aged from 11 to 20 years with complete data at the baseline. We had a drop-out of <10% from the baseline to the 2-year follow-up. The ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for youth was used. RESULTS Our results show that all fatness variables at the baseline were associated with a 2-year change in cardiorespiratory fitness (β ranging from -0.32 to -0.38; all p < .05), but not with muscular and motor fitness (p > .05). However, no associations were found between physical fitness components as predictors and fatness indicators (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that reducing fatness during adolescence might represent a modifiable factor to improve cardiorespiratory fitness at the 2-year follow-up, but not vice versa since associations were not bidirectional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Izquierdo-Gomez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA)., Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ariel Villagra
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martinez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Nutritional challenges in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2020; 4:455-464. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vermeulen KM, Lopes MMGD, Alves CX, Brito NJN, das Graças Almeida M, Leite-Lais L, Vale SHL, Brandão-Neto J. Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis and Phase Angle on Different Oral Zinc Supplementation in Eutrophic Children: Randomized Triple-Blind Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061215. [PMID: 31142044 PMCID: PMC6627540 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The parameters derived from bioelectrical impedance, phase angle (PA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) have been associated with cell membrane integrity and body cell mass. Zinc is a micronutrient that exerts important structural functions and acts in maintaining cellular functionality. To evaluate cell integrity and body cell mass, PA and BIVA were evaluated in children orally supplemented with zinc at different concentrations. Anthropometric, bioelectrical (resistance and reactance) and serum zinc variables were collected from two randomized, triple-blind, controlled clinical trials. Sampling was composed of 71 children consisting of three groups: a control group who received a placebo and two experimental groups who received oral supplementation of 5 or 10 mg-Zn/day for three months. The three groups presented increases (p < 0.001) in the linear height and weight. In the group supplemented with 10 mg-Zn/day, there was an increase in reactance values (p = 0.036) and PA (p = 0.002), in addition to vector displacement (p < 0.001) in relation to the confidence ellipses. An increase in serum zinc concentration was found (p < 0.001) in all three groups. Whit this, the supplementation with 10 mg-Zn/day promotes changes in the integrity of the cell membrane associated with the increase in the cellular mass of healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Vermeulen
- Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal CEP 59012-570, RN, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Marília G D Lopes
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal CEP 59078-970, RN, Brazil.
| | - Camila X Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal CEP 59078-970, RN, Brazil.
| | - Naira J N Brito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá CEP 78850-000, MT, Brazil.
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal CEP 59012-570, RN, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Leite-Lais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal CEP 59078-970, RN, Brazil.
| | - Sancha Helena L Vale
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal CEP 59078-970, RN, Brazil.
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal CEP 59012-570, RN, Brazil.
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Vermeulen KM, Lopes MMGD, Grilo EC, Alves CX, Machado RJA, Lais LL, Brandão-Neto J, Vale SHL. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and phase angle in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1615. [PMID: 31007651 PMCID: PMC6458958 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease characterized by progressive loss of functional muscle mass followed by changes in body composition. Objective This study aimed to describe and evaluate bioimpedance parameters in boys with DMD. Design This cross-sectional, descriptive study investigated children and adolescents diagnosed with DMD. Age, weight, height, resistance, and reactance data were collected. Phase angle and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis were calculated based on resistance and reactance values. Results We analyzed 43 boys aged between 2.7 and 19.8 years. Low-phase angle values were observed during the investigation of bioimpedance parameters. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis showed that approximately 87% of the subjects presented vectors outside the tolerance ellipses, and only one patient presented vectors located within the 50% tolerance ellipse, indicating normally hydrated and a good body cell mass. Compared with the reference population, boys with DMD had lower levels of body cell mass. Conclusion Based on the evidence, compared with the reference population, patients with DMD had lower levels of body cell mass. This evidence points to bioimpedance parameters as useful tools for the nutritional evaluation and clinical management of patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Vermeulen
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Márcia M G D Lopes
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Evellyn C Grilo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Camila X Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Richele J A Machado
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucia L Lais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Departament of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sancha H L Vale
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Izquierdo-Gomez R, Marques A. Socioeconomic indicators, obesity, and physical fitness in south Brazilian adolescents with Down syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 64:255-261. [PMID: 34141313 PMCID: PMC8115495 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2017.1295010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to examine the association of potential socioeconomic indicators with obesity and physical fitness components in south Brazilian adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: This study comprised a total of 1249 (669 boys) adolescents with Down syndrome aged 10 to 20 with complete baseline data. Socioeconomic indicators were assessed by a proxy-report questionnaire. Body mass index and physical fitness were assessed using a PROES-BR health-related fitness test battery. Results: Socioeconomic status is not associated with body mass index in adolescents with Down syndrome. In addition, two of five physical fitness variables were associated with groups of family income and paternal education level in boys, while one of five physical fitness variables were associated with groups of paternal and maternal education level in girls. Conclusion: Our results suggest that socioeconomic indicators are associated with some components of physical fitness in Brazilian adolescents with Down syndrome. These associations depend on the socioeconomic status and physical fitness components in boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez
- Faculty of Science Education, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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