Mucocutaneous presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus

Otorhinolaryngology Manifestations of Systemic Illness

Ear-nose-throat (ENT) manifestations are among the most frequently observed clinical features of systemic illnesses. The patients often present with overt findings of head and neck lesions such as salivary gland swelling or lymphadenopathy. In contrast, patients may present with covert findings of auditory, nasal, and laryngeal symptoms that are less obvious and are often overlooked. Therefore, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion to identify the underlying disease. Early recognition and prompt treatment or referral to specialists may prevent morbidity and mortality. This article discusses various systemic illnesses with ENT manifestations that are commonly encountered.