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Yoshimaru K, Kinoshita Y, Yanagi Y, Obata S, Jimbo T, Iwanaka T, Takahashi Y, Esumi G, Miyata JA, Matsuura T, Izaki T, Taguchi T. The evaluation of rectal mucosal punch biopsy in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease: a 30-year experience of 954 patients. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33:173-179. [PMID: 27832330 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-4010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For 30 years, we have consecutively performed rectal mucosal punch biopsy to diagnose Hirschsprung's disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of our technique. METHODS Patients with suspected Hirschsprung's disease who underwent punch biopsy, including our original "K-PUNCH" method using an S-moid forceps and non-specific blood-collecting tube at our department and branch hospital between April 1986 and March 2016 were included in the present study. Our punch biopsy technique is characterized by excellent visibility and a direct grasping sensation. The backgrounds and complications of the patients were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS During this period, 954 patients (median age 4 months; range 1 day-73 years) underwent punch biopsy. Although there were no cases of severe complications (i.e., rectal perforation, infection or full-thickness biopsy), one (0.1%) of the 954 cases in the early period showed liver dysfunction and required transfusion due to bleeding. In addition, inappropriate specimens were obtained in 37 patients (3.9%). CONCLUSION Punch biopsy including the "K-PUNCH" method is considered safe and feasible and is associated with a low rate of complications and inappropriate specimen harvesting among patients of all ages. Comorbidities, including the potential for hemorrhage, should always be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Yoshimaru
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Jimbo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, 300-0028, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iwanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Genshiro Esumi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junko A Miyata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Izaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Muise ED, Cowles RA. Rectal biopsy for Hirschsprung's disease: a review of techniques, pathology, and complications. World J Pediatr 2016; 12:135-41. [PMID: 26684314 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of colorectal function, affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births, with a 4:1 male predominance. HD is characterized by aganglionosis that is most often limited to the rectosigmoid, but can extend proximally along the colon and, in rare instances, reach into the small intestine. A clinical history of delayed passage of meconium beyond 48 hours after birth, physical exam findings of abdominal distention and vomiting, and a contrast enema demonstrating a transition zone are highly suggestive of HD. DATA SOURCES We searched databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for the following key words: Hirschsprung's disease, rectal biopsy, pathology, ganglion cell, nerve trunk hypertrophy, pediatric constipation, and selected publications written in English that were relevant to the scope of this review. RESULTS Based on the data presented in the literature, we reviewed 1) biopsy techniques for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease, addressed inadequate biopsies, and complications from rectal biopsy, and 2) pathologic and histologic interpretation of biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. CONCLUSION A well-executed rectal biopsy with expert pathologic evaluation of the specimen remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Dorothy Muise
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Anthony Cowles
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Section of Pediatric Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMB 131, PO Box 20862, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Friedmacher F, Puri P. Rectal suction biopsy for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease: a systematic review of diagnostic accuracy and complications. Pediatr Surg Int 2015; 31:821-30. [PMID: 26156878 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rectal suction biopsy (RSB) combined with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). However, some pathologists are still reluctant to diagnose HD in RSBs as it requires thick submucosal tissue to confirm the absence of ganglion cells. Furthermore, insufficient specimens and adverse events have been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and incidence of complications of RSBs in patients suspected of HD based on a systematic review of the published literature. METHODS A literature-based search for relevant publications was conducted using multiple online databases. Staining for AChE/hematoxylin and eosin should have been used to evaluate RSBs. The number of true-positive, false-positive, true-negative and false-negative results was recorded and data on RSB-related complications was extracted. Pooled incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using standardized statistical methodology. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies met defined inclusion criteria, reporting a total of 14,053 RSBs. The median cohort size consisted of 72 patients (range 1-766) with a median age of 14.4 months (range 1 day-66 years) at time of biopsy. In 89.93% (CI 89.11-90.70%), RSB provided adequate tissue for the diagnosis of HD. Insufficient specimens were obtained in 10.07% (CI 9.30-10.89%) and in 8.46 % (CI 7.55-9.46%) RSB was repeated. The incidence of HD was 19.13% (CI 18.25-20.03%). Mean sensitivity of RSB was 96.84% (CI 95.57-97.47%) and mean specificity was 99.42% (CI 99.17-99.57%). The overall complication rate was 0.65% (CI 0.46-0.91%) with persistent rectal bleeding requiring blood transfusion in 0.53% (CI 0.36-0.77%), bowel perforation in 0.06% (CI 0.02-0.18%) and pelvic sepsis in 0.06% (CI 0.02-0.18%). Complications were significantly more frequent in newborns and infants compared to older children (OR 9.00 [CI 4.75-17.07], p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS RSB combined with AChE staining is a simple, safe and accurate method for the diagnosis of HD. The risk for RSB-related complications is higher in newborns and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Friedmacher
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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