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Molecular Characteristics of Water-Insoluble Tin-Porphyrins for Designing the One-Photon-Induced Two-Electron Oxidation of Water in Artificial Photosynthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041882. [PMID: 36838871 PMCID: PMC9963784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Faced with the new stage of water oxidation by molecular catalysts (MCs) in artificial photosynthesis to overcome the bottle neck issue, the "Photon-flux density problem of sunlight," a two-electron oxidation process forming H2O2 in place of the conventional four-electron oxidation evolving O2 has attracted much attention. The molecular characteristics of tin(IV)-tetrapyridylporphyrin (SnTPyP), as one of the most promising MCs for the two-electron water oxidation, has been studied in detail. The protolytic equilibria among nine species of SnTPyP, with eight pKa values on the axial ligands' water molecules and peripheral pyridyl nitrogen atoms in both the ground and excited states, have been clarified through the measurements of UV-vis, fluorescence, 1H NMR, and dynamic fluorescence decay behaviour. The oxidation potentials in the Pourbaix diagram and spin densities by DFT calculation of the one-electron oxidized form of each nine species have predicted that the fully deprotonated species ([SnTPyP(O-)2]2-) and the singly deprotonated one ([SnTPyP(OH)(O-)]-) serve as the most favourable MCs for visible light-induced two-electron water oxidation when they are adsorbed on TiO2 for H2 formation or SnO2 for Z-scheme CO2 reduction in the molecular catalyst sensitized system of artificial photosynthesis.
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Mathew S, Sebastian A, Kuttassery F, Takagi S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Acid-base equilibria of axial ligand and peripheral pyridyl group with stepwise formation of nine species of aluminum (III) tera(4-pyridyl) porphyrin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kuttassery F, Sebastian A, Mathew S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Promotive Effect of Bicarbonate Ion on Two-Electron Water Oxidation to Form H 2 O 2 Catalyzed by Aluminum Porphyrins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1939-1948. [PMID: 30963704 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-electron water oxidation initiated by one-electron oxidation of aluminum porphyrins (AlTMPyP) is an alternative water oxidation to the conventional four-electron pathway and could help to avoid the bottleneck subject of photon-flux density in artificial photosynthesis. Here, a dramatic enhancement of the reactivity by bicarbonate ion in the two-electron water oxidation to form H2 O2 is reported. An addition of sodium carbonate (Na2 CO3 ) controlled both catalytic current and product selectivity of the two-electron water oxidation to enhance the activity of AlTMPyP at pH≈10-11. Controlled potential electrolysis experiments at different concentrations of Na2 CO3 (10-100 mm) showed that peroxide selectivity was improved up to approximately 73 % by the increase of [Na2 CO3 ] added to the system. The promotion of the reaction cycle was induced by an enhanced dynamic capturing of H2 O2 from the hydroperoxy complex of AlTMPyP through an attack of a bicarbonate ion. The detailed electrochemical studies and product selectivity indicated that the bicarbonate ion served as a good cofactor for producing H2 O2 from water. At stronger alkaline conditions (pH 12.5), however, a retardative effect of the addition of Na2 CO3 on the catalytic reactivity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Abin Sebastian
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Siby Mathew
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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Kuttassery F, Mathew S, Remello SN, Thomas A, Sano K, Ohsaki Y, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Alternative route to bypass the bottle-neck of water oxidation: Two-electron oxidation of water catalyzed by earth-abundant metalloporphyrins. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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How does the tin(IV)-insertion to porphyrins proceed in water at ambient temperature?: Re-investigation by time dependent 1H NMR and detection of intermediates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Protolytic behavior of axially coordinated hydroxy groups of Tin(IV) porphyrins as promising molecular catalysts for water oxidation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mathew S, Kuttassery F, Remello SN, Thomas A, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Two-Electron Oxidation of Water Through One-Photon Excitation of Aluminium Porphyrins: Molecular Mechanism and Detection of Key Intermediates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siby Mathew
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Sebastian Nybin Remello
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Cochin University of Science and Technology; Kerala 682022 India
| | - Arun Thomas
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Miyazaki; 1-1, Gakuen-Kibanadai-nishi Miyazaki city Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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Novel substituted porphyrins: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of their TiO2-based composites. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kuttassery F, Mathew S, Sagawa S, Remello SN, Thomas A, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. One Electron-Initiated Two-Electron Oxidation of Water by Aluminum Porphyrins with Earth's Most Abundant Metal. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:1909-1915. [PMID: 28322007 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a new molecular catalyst for efficient water splitting, aluminum porphyrins (tetra-methylpyridiniumylporphyrinatealuminum: AlTMPyP), containing earth's most abundant metal as the central ion. One-electron oxidation of the aluminum porphyrin initiates the two-electron oxidation of water to form hydrogen peroxide as the primary reaction product with the lowest known overpotential (97 mV). The aluminum-peroxo complex was detected by a cold-spray ionization mass-spectrometry in high-resolution MS (HRMS) mode and the structure of the intermediate species was further confirmed using laser Raman spectroscopy, indicating the hydroperoxy complex of AlTMPyP to be the key intermediate in the reaction. The two-electron oxidation of water to form hydrogen peroxide was essentially quantitative, with a Faradaic efficiency of 99 %. The catalytic reaction was found to be highly efficient, with a turnover frequency up to ∼2×104 s-1 . A reaction mechanism is proposed involving oxygen-oxygen bond formation by the attack of a hydroxide ion on the oxyl-radical-like axial ligand oxygen atom in the one-electron-oxidized form of AlTMPyP(O- )2 , followed by a second electron transfer to the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Siby Mathew
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shogo Sagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sebastian Nybin Remello
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Arun Thomas
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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Thomas A, Kuttassery F, Remello SN, Mathew S, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Facile Synthesis of Water-Soluble Cationic Tin(IV) Porphyrins and Water-Insoluble Tin(IV) Porphyrins in Water at Ambient Temperature. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Remello SN, Kuttassery F, Hirano T, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Synthesis of water-soluble silicon-porphyrin: protolytic behaviour of axially coordinated hydroxy groups. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:20011-20. [PMID: 26526697 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new water-soluble silicon(IV)-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (SiTCPP) with silicon(iv), the second most abundant element on Earth, in the center of porphyrin was synthesized. Fundamental properties including protolytic behaviour of axially coordinating hydroxy groups, and electrochemical behaviour were characterized. The properties were compared with those of silicon(IV)-tetra(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin (SiTMP) and silicon(IV)-tetra(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)porphyrin (SiTFMPP) and discussed in respect to the electron donating/withdrawing effect of the substituents. Two axially coordinating hydroxy groups of SiTCPP exhibit a four-step protolytic behaviour under the acidic conditions along with a single step protolysis of peripheral carboxyl groups. Though SiTCPP and SiTFMPP did not show any reactivity in the photochemical oxygenation of a substrate with K2PtCl6 as a sacrificial electron acceptor, the first oxidation wave in the electrochemical process of SiTCPP and SiTFMPP showed catalytic behaviour in aqueous acetonitrile solution at any pH condition, in contrast to SiTMP which has only a reversible oxidation wave under neutral and weakly acidic conditions. The criteria for the electrochemical oxidative activation of water and the photooxygenation of the substrate were obtained. The higher oxidation wave of Si-porphyrins than ∼0.86 volt vs. SHE is required for the electrochemical oxidation of water, while suitable protecting groups such as a methyl substituent is a requisite for the photochemical oxygenation with K2PtCl6 as a sacrificial electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Nybin Remello
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Mathew S, Kuttassery F, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. One-Pot Facile Synthesis of Water-Soluble Cationic Aluminum(III) Porphyrins in a Unique Heterogeneous System at Ambient Temperature. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siby Mathew
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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