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Nunes C, Proença S, Ambrosini G, Pamies D, Thomas A, Kramer NI, Zurich MG. Integrating distribution kinetics and toxicodynamics to assess repeat dose neurotoxicity in vitro using human BrainSpheres: a case study on amiodarone. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248882. [PMID: 37745076 PMCID: PMC10512064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For ethical, economical, and scientific reasons, animal experimentation, used to evaluate the potential neurotoxicity of chemicals before their release in the market, needs to be replaced by new approach methodologies. To illustrate the use of new approach methodologies, the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D model BrainSpheres was acutely (48 h) or repeatedly (7 days) exposed to amiodarone (0.625-15 µM), a lipophilic antiarrhythmic drug reported to have deleterious effects on the nervous system. Neurotoxicity was assessed using transcriptomics, the immunohistochemistry of cell type-specific markers, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for various genes involved in the lipid metabolism. By integrating distribution kinetics modeling with neurotoxicity readouts, we show that the observed time- and concentration-dependent increase in the neurotoxic effects of amiodarone is driven by the cellular accumulation of amiodarone after repeated dosing. The development of a compartmental in vitro distribution kinetics model allowed us to predict the change in cell-associated concentrations in BrainSpheres with time and for different exposure scenarios. The results suggest that human cells are intrinsically more sensitive to amiodarone than rodent cells. Amiodarone-induced regulation of lipid metabolism genes was observed in brain cells for the first time. Astrocytes appeared to be the most sensitive human brain cell type in vitro. In conclusion, assessing readouts at different molecular levels after the repeat dosing of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived BrainSpheres in combination with the compartmental modeling of in vitro kinetics provides a mechanistic means to assess neurotoxicity pathways and refine chemical safety assessment for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susana Proença
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Ambrosini
- Bioinformatics Competence Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Pamies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nynke I. Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
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Harb IA, Ashour H, Mostafa A, El Hanbuli HM, Nadwa EH. Cardioprotective effects of amiodarone in a rat model of epilepsy-induced cardiac dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:406-418. [PMID: 34796981 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is one of the leading causes of death in epilepsy. The anti-arrhythmic drug, amiodarone, is under investigation for its therapeutic effects in epilepsy. We aimed to evaluate the possible effects of amiodarone on cardiac injury during status epilepticus, as it can cause prolongation of the QT interval. Five rat groups were enrolled in the study; three control groups (1) Control, (2) Control-lithium and (3) Control-Amio, treated with 150 mg/kg/intraperitoneal amiodarone, (4) Epilepsy model, induced by sequential lithium/pilocarpine administration, and (5) the epilepsy-Amio group. The model group expressed a typical clinical picture of epileptiform activity confirmed by the augmented electroencephalogram alpha and beta spikes. The anticonvulsive effect of amiodarone was prominent, it diminished (p < 0.001) the severity of seizures and hence, deaths and reduced serum noradrenaline levels. In the model group, the electrocardiogram findings revealed tachycardia, prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval, depressed ST segments and increased myocardial oxidative stress. The in-vitro myocardial performance (contraction force and - (df/dt)max ) was also reduced. Amiodarone decreased (p < 0.001) the heart rate, improved ST segment depression, and myocardial contractility with no significant change in the duration of the QTc interval. Amiodarone preserved the cardiac histological structure and reduced the myocardial injury markers represented by serum Troponin-I, oxidative stress and IL-1. Amiodarone pretreatment prevented the anticipated cardiac injury induced during epilepsy. Amiodarone possessed an anticonvulsive potential, protected the cardiac muscle and preserved its histological architecture. Therefore, amiodarone could be recommended as a protective therapy against cardiac dysfunction during epileptic seizures with favourable effect on seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Harb
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Mostafa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M El Hanbuli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Faium University, Faium, Egypt
| | - Eman Hassan Nadwa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Banach M, Rudkowska M, Sumara A, Borowicz-Reutt K. Amiodarone Enhances Anticonvulsive Effect of Oxcarbazepine and Pregabalin in the Mouse Maximal Electroshock Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031041. [PMID: 33494393 PMCID: PMC7865888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating experimental studies show that antiarrhythmic and antiepileptic drugs share some molecular mechanisms of action and can interact with each other. In this study, the influence of amiodarone (a class III antiarrhythmic drug) on the antiseizure action of four second-generation antiepileptic drugs was evaluated in the maximal electroshock model in mice. Amiodarone, although ineffective in the electroconvulsive threshold test, significantly potentiated the antielectroshock activity of oxcarbazepine and pregabalin. Amiodarone, given alone or in combination with oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, or topiramate, significantly disturbed long-term memory in the passive-avoidance task in mice. Brain concentrations of antiepileptic drugs were not affected by amiodarone. However, the brain concentration of amiodarone was significantly elevated by oxcarbazepine, topiramate, and pregabalin. Additionally, oxcarbazepine and pregabalin elevated the brain concentration of desethylamiodarone, the main metabolite of amiodarone. In conclusion, potentially beneficial action of amiodarone in epilepsy patients seems to be limited by neurotoxic effects of amiodarone. Although results of this study should still be confirmed in chronic protocols of treatment, special precautions are recommended in clinical conditions. Coadministration of amiodarone, even at low therapeutic doses, with antiepileptic drugs should be carefully monitored to exclude undesired effects related to accumulation of the antiarrhythmic drug and its main metabolite, desethylamiodarone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Banach
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Monika Rudkowska
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Agata Sumara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kinga Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Yamanaka K, Inoue S, Naito Y, Kawaguchi M. Amiodarone does not affect brain injury in a rat model of transient forebrain ischemia. Med Intensiva 2018; 43:457-463. [PMID: 30029951 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although amiodarone may cause neurotoxicity that can affect patient outcomes when used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it has been commonly prescribed during CPR. This study investigated the possible neurotoxic effects of amiodarone in a rat model of transient forebrain ischemia. DESIGN A prospective laboratory animal study was carried out. SETTING Animal laboratory. MATERIALS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTION Eight minutes of forebrain ischemia was induced in rats by bilateral carotid occlusion and hypotension (mean arterial pressure=35mmHg) under isoflurane (1.5%) anesthesia. Amiodarone (0, 50, 100 and 150mg/kg) with saline was injected intraperitoneally 10min after ischemia. Rats given 0mg/kg of amiodarone were used as saline-treated controls. Sham operated rats received no treatment. VARIABLES OF INTEREST Animals were evaluated neurologically on postoperative days 4-7, and histologically after a one-week recovery period. RESULTS The greatest improvement in water maze test performance corresponded to the sham operated group (p=0.015 vs. saline-treated controls). No differences in performance were seen in amiodarone-treated rats compared with saline-treated controls. In the control group, 45% of the CA1 hippocampal neurons survived, compared with 78% in the sham operated group (p=0.009). Neuron survival after ischemia in the amiodarone treatment groups (50, 100 and 150mg/kg) (58%, 40% and 36%, respectively) and in the control rats did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS The administration of amiodarone immediately after transient forebrain ischemia did not worsen spatial cognitive function or neuronal survival in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats. The current results must be applied with caution in humans. However, they indicate that the potential neurotoxicity induced by amiodarone during resuscitation after cardiac arrest may be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Intensive Care, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - S Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Intensive Care, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Y Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Intensive Care, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - M Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Intensive Care, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Banach M, Popławska M, Borowicz-Reutt KK. Amiodarone, a multi-channel blocker, enhances anticonvulsive effect of carbamazepine in the mouse maximal electroshock model. Epilepsy Res 2018; 140:105-110. [PMID: 29329017 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia may occur in the course of epilepsy. Simultaneous therapy of the two diseases might be complicated by drug interactions since antiarrhythmic and antiepileptic agents share some molecular targets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug working as a multi-channel blocker, on the protective activity of four classical antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock test in mice. Amiodarone at doses up to 75 mg/kg did not affect the electroconvulsive threshold in mice. Acute amiodarone at the dose of 75 mg/kg significantly potentiated the anticonvulsive effect of carbamazepine, but not that of valproate, phenytoin or phenobarbital in the maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. The antiarrhythmic agent and its combinations with antiepileptic drugs did not impair motor performance or long-term memory in mice, except for the combination of amiodarone and phenobarbital. Brain concentrations of antiepileptic drugs were not changed. Despite favourable impact of amiodarone on the anticonvulsive action of carbamazepine in the maximal electroshock, co-administration of the two drugs should be carefully monitored in clinical conditions. Further studies are necessary to evaluate effects of chronic treatment with amiodarone on seizure activity and the action of antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Banach
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL-20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Popławska
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL-20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga K Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL-20-954, Lublin, Poland.
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