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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Ragusa FS, Baio SM, Sgrò F, Russo A, Battaglia G, Bianco A, Barbagallo M. The Importance of Vitamin D and Magnesium in Athletes. Nutrients 2025; 17:1655. [PMID: 40431395 PMCID: PMC12114196 DOI: 10.3390/nu17101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2025] [Revised: 05/07/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and magnesium are essential nutrients that play key roles in an athlete's performance, recovery, and overall health. Vitamin D is crucial for bone health (aiding calcium absorption and preventing stress fractures), muscle function (preventing weakness and injury), and reducing respiratory infections. Magnesium is fundamental in muscle function, adenosine triphosphate production for muscle contraction, electrolyte balance, bone strength, and cardiovascular health. The magnesium requirement of healthy adults is estimated at 300-400 mg/day, but there is evidence that athletes may have higher magnesium needs compared to sedentary persons. Magnesium and vitamin D are closely linked-vitamin D aids magnesium absorption, while magnesium is vital for vitamin D synthesis, transport, and activation. Given their importance in athletes, this article explores their functions, interactions, and the effects of deficiencies and supplementation in athletic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy or (N.V.); (F.S.R.); (S.M.B.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Ragusa
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy or (N.V.); (F.S.R.); (S.M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Salvatore Maria Baio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy or (N.V.); (F.S.R.); (S.M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesco Sgrò
- Department of Human and Society Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Arcangelo Russo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.B.); (A.B.)
- Regional Sports School of Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) Sicilia, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy or (N.V.); (F.S.R.); (S.M.B.); (M.B.)
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Xue S, Corpas FJ, Modolo LV, Xie Y, Qiu QS. Small molecules and ions: Minor yet vital in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 306:154451. [PMID: 39951840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Spanish National Research Council, CSIC, C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Luzia V Modolo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Botânica, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yanjie Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China.
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