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Chen JQ, Zhang Q, Yu D, Bi R, Ma Y, Li Y, Lv LB, Yao YG. Optimization of Milk Substitutes for the Artificial Rearing of Chinese Tree Shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131655. [PMID: 35804554 PMCID: PMC9265009 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Chinese tree shrew, a squirrel-like mammal, has been widely used as a laboratory animal in biological research. However, the low survival rate of the pups has seriously hindered the establishment of inbred lines of this species and further limited its wider use. We found a milk substitute appropriate for artificial rearing of Chinese tree shrew pups independent of any obvious adverse effects on their survival, health, and reproductive performance compared to those of the maternally reared pups. The successful optimization of a milk substitute for the artificial rearing of Chinese tree shrew pups may increase the availability of this experimental animal. Abstract The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) has the potential to replace the use of non-human primates in biomedical research. To increase the availability of this species, we have undertaken the ambitious task of establishing inbred lines of the Chinese tree shrew; however, we have been hindered by a low survival rate of inbred pups. Here, we report our artificial rearing (AR) of Chinese tree shrew pups using four different milk substitutes: the formula described by Tsang and Collins (milk TC) and three commercially available milk substitutes intended for possums (milk A and milk C) and for guinea pigs (milk B). We compared the effects of these milk substitutes and maternal milk on the daily milk consumption, growth performance, and survival of the pups. We also assessed the life span and reproductive performance of the F1 individuals given the best milk substitute as compared to the maternally reared (MR) pups. Milk B was found to be appropriate for AR. Pups fed with milk B had a high survival rate at the weaning age compared to those fed with the other milk substitutes. The AR pups fed with milk B had a life span similar to that of MR pups. AR females fed with milk B had an earlier age of the first reproduction, a larger number of litters, and a higher rate of survival of the offspring at the weaning age compared with the MR females. The successful optimization of a milk substitute for AR of Chinese tree shrew pups will undoubtedly facilitate the wide usage of this experimental animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Chen
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dandan Yu
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Rui Bi
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yijiang Li
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Correspondence: (L.-B.L.); (Y.-G.Y.)
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Correspondence: (L.-B.L.); (Y.-G.Y.)
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Wang Z, Belghasem M, Salih E, Henderson J, Igwebuike C, Havasi A, Borkan SC. T95 nucleophosmin phosphorylation as a novel mediator and marker of regulated cell death in acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F552-F561. [PMID: 32686519 PMCID: PMC7509286 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00230.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of site-specific phosphorylation of nucleophosmin (NPM), an essential Bax chaperone, in stress-induced cell death is unknown. We hypothesized that NPM threonine 95 (T95) phosphorylation both signals and promotes cell death. In resting cells, NPM exclusively resides in the nucleus and T95 is nonphosphorylated. In contrast, phosphorylated T95 NPM (pNPM T95) accumulates in the cytosol after metabolic stress, in multiple human cancer cell lines following γ-radiation, and in postischemic human kidney tissue. Based on the T95 phosphorylation consensus sequence, we hypothesized that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) regulates cytosolic NPM translocation by phosphorylating T95 NPM. In a cell-free system, GSK-3β phosphorylated a synthetic NPM peptide containing T95. In vitro, bidirectional manipulation of GSK-3β activity substantially altered T95 phosphorylation, cytosolic NPM translocation, and cell survival during stress, mechanistically linking these lethal events. Furthermore, GSK-3β inhibition in vivo decreased cytosolic pNPM T95 accumulation in kidney tissue after experimental ischemia. In patients with acute kidney injury, both cytosolic NPM accumulation in proximal tubule cells and NPM-rich intratubular casts were detected in frozen renal biopsy tissue. These observations show, for the first time, that GSK-3β promotes cell death partly by phosphorylating NPM at T95, to promote cytosolic NPM accumulation. T95 NPM is also a rational therapeutic target to ameliorate ischemic renal cell injury and may be a universal injury marker in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mostafa Belghasem
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erdjan Salih
- Goldman School of Dentistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Henderson
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chinaemere Igwebuike
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Havasi
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven C Borkan
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zhang H, Xu CN, Mine Y. Synthetic phosphoserine dimer attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells via activation of NF‐κB and MAPKs cell signalling pathways. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Cai Na Xu
- Department of Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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Wang Z, Salih E, Igwebuike C, Mulhern R, Bonegio RG, Havasi A, Borkan SC. Nucleophosmin Phosphorylation as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target for Ischemic AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:50-62. [PMID: 30573638 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic AKI lacks a urinary marker for early diagnosis and an effective therapy. Differential nucleophosmin (NPM) phosphorylation is a potential early marker of ischemic renal cell injury and a therapeutic target.Methods Differential NPM phosphorylation was assessed by mass spectrometry in NPM harvested from murine and human primary renal epithelial cells, fresh kidney tissue, and urine before and after ischemic injury. The biologic behavior and toxicity of NPM was assessed using phospho-NPM mutant proteins that either mimic stress-induced or normal NPM phosphorylation. Peptides designed to interfere with NPM function were used to explore NPM as a therapeutic target.Results Within hours of stress, virtually identical phosphorylation changes were detected at distinct serine/threonine sites in NPM harvested from primary renal cells, tissue, and urine. A phosphomimic NPM protein that replicated phosphorylation under stress localized to the cytosol, formed monomers that interacted with Bax, a cell death protein, coaccumulated with Bax in isolated mitochondria, and significantly increased cell death after stress; wild-type NPM or a phosphomimic NPM with a normal phosphorylation configuration did not. Three renal targeted peptides designed to interfere with NPM at distinct functional sites significantly protected against cell death, and a single dose of one peptide administered several hours after ischemia that would be lethal in untreated mice significantly reduced AKI severity and improved survival.Conclusions These findings establish phosphorylated NPM as a potential early marker of ischemic AKI that links early diagnosis with effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Renal Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Erdjan Salih
- Department of Periodontology, Goldman School of Dentistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ryan Mulhern
- Renal Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ramon G Bonegio
- Renal Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Andrea Havasi
- Renal Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven C Borkan
- Renal Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Nolasco E, Guha S, Majumder K. Bioactive Egg Proteins. EGGS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013833-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional excellence of chicken egg is derived from its task as a life-giving medium, supplying the necessary nutrients to the hen's embryo while protecting it from external threats. Additionally, egg proteins possess unique biological activities above and beyond their known functional and nutritional roles. In the last few decades, extensive research has been done to evaluate the various biological activities of egg proteins and protein-derived peptides. Egg proteins and protein-derived peptides have been attributed to diverse biological activities, the most well-known being their antimicrobial properties. However, egg proteins and peptides have been shown to have other biological activities, such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and protease inhibitory activity. Egg-derived bioactive proteins have had a relevant scientific impact and exhibit promising applicability as an ingredient for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, it is critical to understand the effects of these proteins in signaling pathways to delineate their molecular mechanisms of action. Further studies are required to fill the current knowledge gaps. Therefore, the purpose of the chapter is to illustrate the present knowledge of the bioactivity of different egg proteins and their physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Nolasco
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
| | - Snigdha Guha
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
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Cozza G, Moro E, Black M, Marin O, Salvi M, Venerando A, Tagliabracci VS, Pinna LA. The Golgi 'casein kinase' Fam20C is a genuine 'phosvitin kinase' and phosphorylates polyserine stretches devoid of the canonical consensus. FEBS J 2018; 285:4674-4683. [PMID: 30387551 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Egg yolk phosvitins, generated through the fragmentation of vitellogenins (VTGs), are among the most heavily phosphorylated proteins ever described. Despite the early discovery in 1900 that chicken phosvitin is a phosphoprotein and its subsequent employment as an artificial substrate for a number of protein kinases, the identity of the enzyme(s) responsible for its phosphorylation remained a matter of conjecture until present. Here, we provide evidence that phosvitin phosphorylation is catalyzed by a family with sequence similarity 20, member C (Fam20C), an atypical protein kinase recently identified as the genuine casein kinase and responsible for the phosphorylation of many other secreted proteins at residues specified by the S-x-E/pS consensus. Such a conclusion is grounded on the following observations: (a) the levels of Fam20C and phosphorylated VTG rise in parallel upon treatment of zebrafish with oestrogens; (b) zebrafish phosvitin is readily phosphorylated upon coexpression in U2OS cells with Fam20C, but not with its catalytically inactive mutant; (c) a peptide reproducing a stretch of 12 serines, which are phosphorylated in chicken phosvitin despite lacking the C-terminal priming motif S-x-E, is efficiently phosphorylated by both recombinant and native Fam20C. The last finding expands the repertoire of potential targets of Fam20C to include several proteins known to harbor (p-Ser)n clusters not specified by any known kinase consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Miles Black
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Venerando
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Vincent S Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.,CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
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Calcium binding characteristics and structural changes of phosvitin. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 159:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carneiro LG, Nouh H, Salih E. Quantitative gingival crevicular fluid proteome in health and periodontal disease using stable isotope chemistries and mass spectrometry. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:733-47. [PMID: 24738839 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Application of quantitative stable isotope-labelling chemistries and mass spectrometry (MS) to determine alterations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteome in periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Quantitative proteome of GCF from 40 healthy individuals versus 40 patients with periodontal disease was established using 320 GCF samples and stable isotope-labelling reagents, ICAT and mTRAQ, with MS technology and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent methods. RESULTS We have identified 238 distinct proteins of which 180 were quantified in GCF of both healthy and periodontal patients with additional 26 and 32 distinct proteins that were found only in GCF of healthy or periodontal patients. In addition, 42 pathogenic bacterial proteins and 11 yeast proteins were quantified. The data highlighted a series of proteins not quantified previously by large-scale MS approaches in GCF with relevance to periodontal disease, such as host-derived Ig alpha-2 chain C, Kallikrein-4, S100-A9, transmembrane proteinase 13, peptidase S1 domain, several collagen types and pathogenic bacterial proteins, e.g. formamidase, leucine aminopeptidase and virulence factor OMP85. CONCLUSIONS The innovative analytical approaches provided detailed novel changes in both host and microbial derived GCF proteomes of periodontal patients. The study defined 50 host and 16 pathogenic bacterial proteins significantly elevated in periodontal disease most of which were novel with significant potential for application in the clinical arena of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro G Carneiro
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu J, Czernick D, Lin SC, Alasmari A, Serge D, Salih E. Novel bioactivity of phosvitin in connective tissue and bone organogenesis revealed by live calvarial bone organ culture models. Dev Biol 2013; 381:256-75. [PMID: 23791550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Egg yolk phosvitin is one of the most highly phosphorylated extracellular matrix proteins known in nature with unique physico-chemical properties deemed to be critical during ex-vivo egg embryo development. We have utilized our unique live mouse calvarial bone organ culture models under conditions which dissociates the two bone remodeling stages, viz., resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts, to highlight important and to date unknown critical biological functions of egg phosvitin. In our resorption model live bone cultures were grown in the absence of ascorbate and were stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) to undergo rapid osteoclast formation/differentiation with bone resorption. In this resorption model native phosvitin potently inhibited PTH-induced osteoclastic bone resorption with simultaneous new osteoid/bone formation in the absence of ascorbate (vitamin C). These surprising and critical observations were extended using the bone formation model in the absence of ascorbate and in the presence of phosvitin which supported the above results. The results were corroborated by analyses for calcium release or uptake, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (marker for osteoclasts), alkaline phosphatase activity (marker for osteoblasts), collagen and hydroxyproline composition, and histological and quantitative histomorphometric evaluations. The data revealed that the discovered bioactivity of phosvitin mirrors that of ascorbate during collagen synthesis and the formation of new osteoid/bone. Complementing those studies use of the synthetic collagen peptide analog and cultured calvarial osteoblasts in conjunction with mass spectrometric analysis provided results that augmented the bone organ culture work and confirmed the capacity of phosvitin to stimulate differentiation of osteoblasts, collagen synthesis, hydroxyproline formation, and biomineralization. There are striking implications and interrelationships of this affect that relates to the evolutionary inactivation of the gene of an enzyme L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, which is involved in the final step of ascorbate biosynthesis, in many vertebrate species including passeriform birds, reptiles and teleost fish whose egg yolk contain phosvitin. These represent examples of how developing ex-vivo embryos of such species can achieve connective tissue and skeletal system formation in the absence of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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