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Kaefer M, Castagnetti M, Herbst K, Bagli D, Beckers GMA, Harper L, Kalfa N, Fossum M. Evidence-based medicine III: level of evidence. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:407-408. [PMID: 31130505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article is the third installment in a five-part series related to evidence-based medicine (EBM) provided by the European Society for Paediatric Urology Research Committee. It will present the different levels of evidence (i.e. systematic review, randomized controlled trial, cohort study) available to clinicians and researchers and describe the strengths of each study type. While EBM provides a valuable construct to aid in medical decision-making, it remains imperative that this information be interpreted and applied in the clinical context with a good dose of common sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaefer
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - M Castagnetti
- Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - K Herbst
- Division of Urology, Department of Research, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - D Bagli
- Division of Urology, Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G M A Beckers
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology Section, Amsterdam University Medical Centre Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Harper
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - N Kalfa
- Service de Chirurgie et Urologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - M Fossum
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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