Promising anti- cervical carcinoma and inflammatory agent, Resveratrol targets poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) induced premature ovarian failure with a potent enzymatic modulatory activity

Vitamin D can ameliorate premature ovarian failure by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps: A review

The etiology of premature ovarian failure (POF) is mainly related to inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, its specific pathogenesis has not been clarified. Vitamin D (VD), a fat-soluble vitamin, is an essential steroid hormone in the human body. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are meshwork structures that are formed when neutrophils are stimulated by inflammation and other factors and are closely associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Notably, VD inhibits NET formation and intervenes in the development of POF in terms of inflammatory and immune responses, oxidative stress, and tissue fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to theorize the relationship between NETs, VD, and POF and provide new ideas and targets for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of POF.

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and ovarian function

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in DNA damage detection and repair. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are a novel class of targeted agents used widely in the treatment of female cancer patients with BRCA mutations, including younger patients. However, the impact of PARPi on ovarian function remains a considerable problem in clinical practice. In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of PARPi's effects on the function of ovary and discuss their potential underlying mechanisms, highlighting the significance of further investigation on the criterion for ovarian failure and its preventive approaches during PARPi treatment.

Resveratrol against Cervical Cancer: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Cervical cancer affects many women worldwide, with more than 500,000 cases diagnosed and approximately 300,000 deaths each year. Resveratrol is a natural substance of the class of phytoalexins with a basic structure of stilbenes and has recently drawn scientific attention due to its anticancer properties. The purpose of this review is to examine the effectiveness of resveratrol against cervical cancer. All available in vitro and in vivo studies on cervical cancer were critically reviewed. Many studies utilizing cervical cancer cells in culture reported a reduction in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. Apart from apoptosis, induction of autophagy was seen in some studies. Importantly, many studies have shown a reduction in the HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 and increased levels of the tumor suppressor p53 with resveratrol treatment. A few studies examined the effects of resveratrol administration in mice ectopic-xenografted with cervical cancer cells showing reduced tumor volume and weight. Overall, the scientific data show that resveratrol has the ability to target/inhibit certain signaling molecules (EGFR, VEGFR, PKC, JNK, ERK, NF-kB, and STAT3) involved in cervical cancer cell proliferation and survival. Further in vivo experiments and clinical studies are required to better understand the potential of resveratrol against cervical cancer.

Resveratrol Induces Apoptosis, Suppresses Migration, and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

To investigate the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on the biological behavior of cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells), the apoptosis, migration, and invasion of HeLa cells were detected by flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays. The expression levels of Hedgehog signal pathway proteins (smoothened (SMO), zinc finger transcription factors (Gli1), and sonic hedgehog homolog (Shh)) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. Compared with that control group, resveratrol (RES) significantly induced apoptosis, inhibited the migration and invasion of the HeLa cells. The expression of SMO, Gli1, and Shh were downregulated in the HeLa cells treated with RES. The Hedgehog agonist purmorphamine (PUR) reversed the RES-induced increase of apoptosis and reduction of migration and invasion in the HeLa cells. In conclusion, RES induced the apoptosis and suppressed the migration and invasion of HeLa cells by inhibiting Hedgehog signal pathway.

PARP-1-Associated Pathological Processes: Inhibition by Natural Polyphenols

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in processes of cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, transcription, and replication. Hyperactivity of PARP-1 induced by changes in cell homeostasis promotes development of chronic pathological processes leading to cell death during various metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast, tumor growth is accompanied by a moderate activation of PARP-1 that supports survival of tumor cells due to enhancement of DNA lesion repair and resistance to therapy by DNA damaging agents. That is why PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are promising agents for the therapy of tumor and metabolic diseases. A PARPi family is rapidly growing partly due to natural polyphenols discovered among plant secondary metabolites. This review describes mechanisms of PARP-1 participation in the development of various pathologies, analyzes multiple PARP-dependent pathways of cell degeneration and death, and discusses representative plant polyphenols, which can inhibit PARP-1 directly or suppress unwanted PARP-dependent cellular processes.