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Anić P, Tončić M. Affect and satisfaction time dependency: An experience sampling study. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 38698673 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the time dependency between affect and satisfaction on a momentary level. Ninety-eight students participated in the study, using the experience sampling method. Affect and satisfaction scales were administered five times a day for 7 days via handheld devices, sampling the whole awake period with ratings approximately 3-4 h apart. The aim of this study was to examine the cross-correlation between affect and satisfaction at the intra-individual level and to test their temporal consistency via lagged cross-correlations. On average, satisfaction was robustly associated with positive affect (PA; mean correlation 0.50) and negative affect (NA; mean correlation -0.38). The correlation of satisfaction with affect factors showed a consistent temporal dependency. Lag (i.e., the shift of one time series with respect to another) significantly affected the magnitude of the correlation coefficients of satisfaction with PA and NA (explaining almost half of the correlation variance). A significant affect-satisfaction cross-correlation can be found when no lag is present. The introduction of a lag reduces the affect-satisfaction cross-correlation to virtually zero. Research suggests that affect and satisfaction overlap at the momentary level, and the results of this study imply that they are also time-dependent. These findings corroborate the idea that momentary satisfaction judgments are partially based on available emotional information, both in terms of intensity and temporal consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Anić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Tončić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Assessing Resident Well-Being After the ABSITE: A Bad Time to Ask? ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2022; 3:e209. [PMID: 36590890 PMCID: PMC9782176 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Assess the association of residents' exam performance and transient emotions with their reports of burnout, suicidality, and mistreatment. Background An annual survey evaluating surgical resident well-being is administered following the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE). One concern about administering a survey after the ABSITE is that stress from the exam may influence their responses. Methods A survey was administered to all general surgery residents following the 2018 ABSITE assessing positive and negative emotions (scales range from 0 to 12), as well as burnout, suicidality over the past 12 months, and mistreatment (discrimination, sexual harassment verbal/emotional or physical abuse) in the past academic year. Multivariable hierarchical regressions assessed the associations of exam performance and emotions with burnout, suicidality, and mistreatment. Results Residents from 262 programs provided complete responses (N = 6987, 93.6% response rate). Residents reported high mean positive emotion (M = 7.54, SD = 2.35) and low mean negative emotion (M = 5.33, SD = 2.43). While residents in the bottom ABSITE score quartile reported lower positive and higher negative emotion than residents in the top 2 and 3 quartiles, respectively (P < 0.005), exam performance was not associated with the reported likelihood of burnout, suicidality, or mistreatment. Conclusions Residents' emotions after the ABSITE are largely positive. Although poor exam performance may be associated with lower positive and higher negative emotion, it does not seem to be associated with the likelihood of reporting burnout, suicidality, or mistreatment. After adjusting for exam performance and emotions, mistreatment remained independently associated with burnout and suicidality. These findings support existing evidence demonstrating that burnout and suicidality are stable constructs that are robust to transient stress and/or emotions.
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Blackie LER, Jayawickreme E. What does a personality science approach to post-traumatic growth reveal? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has advocated for the value of conceptualizing post-traumatic growth as positive personality change. However, most research continues to use both methodologically suspect assessment tools and unsupported theoretical assumptions. How can personality psychologists contribute to the pursuit of high-quality research on this topic? The current special issue, which grew out of the European Association for Personality Psychology (EAPP) expert meeting on “Integrating Post-Traumatic Growth and Personality Change”, held at the University of Nottingham, on September 16–17, 2019, includes 15 papers that (1) examine short-term change in multiple personality constructs after adversity, (2) highlight the limitations of only assessing post-traumatic growth with retrospective questionnaires, and (3) provide theoretical and methodological recommendations for the continued advancement of the study of post-traumatic growth through the lens of personality psychology. While these papers all address specific ways to advance the personality science of post-traumatic growth, collectively they highlight the many unanswered questions that future research should tackle.
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How is perceived social support linked to life satisfaction for individuals with substance-use disorders? The mediating role of resilience and positive affect. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bossert SA, Tsukayama E, Blackie LER, Cole VT, Jayawickreme E. Do We Know Whether We're Happier? Corroborating Perceived Retrospective Assessments of Improvements in Well-Being. J Pers Assess 2022; 104:458-466. [PMID: 35180041 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2039167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To what extent do our beliefs about how our well-being has improved over time correspond to observed changes? Participants (N = 1,247 from Qualtrics Panels) completed questionnaires measuring dispositional well-being and ill-being (depressive symptoms) at three time points over the course of one year, as well as 44 weekly assessments of state well-being and ill-being over 52 weeks. They additionally completed measures of perceived improvements in well-being and ill-being at Weeks 45 and 52 as well as a measure of broad personality traits. We estimated latent change scores and latent growth curves, which allowed us to obtain more accurate estimates of the convergence between retrospective improvements and veridical change compared to past methods utilized. Stability in both global and state well-being and ill-being were observed. People who agreed more strongly that their well-being had improved (or their ill-being had increased) tended to show greater increases in actual well-being (or ill-being) across the past year. Additionally, we observed meaningful relationships between personality traits and perceived improvements. On average, people have some insight in assessing whether they became happier (or unhappier) over one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bossert
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eli Tsukayama
- Department of Business Administration, University of Hawaii-West Oahu, Kapolei, Hawaii
| | - Laura E R Blackie
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Veronica T Cole
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eranda Jayawickreme
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Gnambs T. The Day of the Week Effect on Subjective Well-Being in the European Social Survey. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. In large-scale social surveys, respondents are typically interviewed on different days of the week. Because previous research established systematic daily fluctuations of people’s mood, it was hypothesized that subjective well-being ratings might be similarly affected by the day the interview takes place. Therefore, an individual-participant meta-analysis of 221 representative samples from the European Social Survey including 408,637 participants is presented. The random-effects meta-analysis found a negligible day of the week effect on life satisfaction and happiness ratings, even after accounting for selection and interviewer effects. Although significantly different ratings were observed on Sundays, the size of the obtained effects was trivial. These findings provide little evidence that the interview day has a meaningful impact on subjective well-being research in cross-sectional, large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gnambs
- Educational Measurement, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany
- Institute of Education and Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
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Jayawickreme E, Tsukayama E, Blackie LE, Weiss B. Examining within-person relationships between state assessments of affect and eudaimonic well-being using multi-level structural equation modeling. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1818811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eranda Jayawickreme
- Department of Psychology & Program for Leadership and Character, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Eli Tsukayama
- Department of Business, University of Hawaii-West Oahu, Honolulu, USA
| | | | - Brandon Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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Eichstaedt JC, Weidman AC. Tracking Fluctuations in Psychological States using Social Media Language: A Case Study of Weekly Emotion. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Personality psychologists are increasingly documenting dynamic, within–person processes. Big data methodologies can augment this endeavour by allowing for the collection of naturalistic and personality–relevant digital traces from online environments. Whereas big data methods have primarily been used to catalogue static personality dimensions, here we present a case study in how they can be used to track dynamic fluctuations in psychological states. We apply a text–based, machine learning prediction model to Facebook status updates to compute weekly trajectories of emotional valence and arousal. We train this model on 2895 human–annotated Facebook statuses and apply the resulting model to 303 575 Facebook statuses posted by 640 US Facebook users who had previously self–reported their Big Five traits, yielding an average of 28 weekly estimates per user. We examine the correlations between model–predicted emotion and self–reported personality, providing a test of the robustness of these links when using weekly aggregated data, rather than momentary data as in prior work. We further present dynamic visualizations of weekly valence and arousal for every user, while making the final data set of 17 937 weeks openly available. We discuss the strengths and drawbacks of this method in the context of personality psychology's evolution into a dynamic science. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Abstract
Abstract. This study aims to examine the effect of affect on satisfaction, both at the between- and the within-person level for momentary assessments. Affect is regarded as an important source of information for life satisfaction judgments. This affective effect on satisfaction is well established at the dispositional level, while at the within-person level it is heavily under-researched. This is true especially for momentary assessments. In this experience sampling study both mood and satisfaction scales were administered five times a day for 7 days via hand-held devices ( N = 74 with 2,122 assessments). Several hierarchical linear models were fitted to the data. Even though the amount of between-person variance was relatively low, both positive and negative affect had substantial effects on momentary satisfaction on the between- and the within-person level as well. The within-person effects of affect on satisfaction appear to be more pronounced than the between-person ones. At the momentary level, the amount of between-person variance is lower than in studies with longer time-frames. The affect-related effects on satisfaction possibly have a curvilinear relationship with the time-frame used, increasing in intensity up to a point and then decreasing again. Such a relationship suggests that, at the momentary level, satisfaction might behave in a more stochastic manner, allowing for transient events/data which are not necessarily affect-related to affect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Tončić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Petra Anić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Croatia
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Sawhney G, Britt TW, Sinclair RR, Mohr CD, Wilson CA. Is Commitment to One’s Profession Always a Good Thing? Exploring the Moderating Role of Occupational Commitment in the Association Between Work Events and Occupational Health. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1069072720907907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a 12-week experience sampling design, this study examined the interaction between negative and positive events in predicting work engagement and burnout in a sample of nurses. Additionally, this study explored the moderating effect of affective occupational commitment as a moderator of work events and work engagement/burnout relation. Results indicated that positive and negative events, as well as their interactive effects significantly predicted both work engagement and burnout. In addition, occupational commitment moderated the association between negative events and burnout. Specifically, the association between negative events and burnout was stronger for nurses who reported high occupational commitment. Positive events did not interact with occupational commitment to predict work engagement or burnout. Similarly, occupational commitment did not moderate the link between negative events and work engagement. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Sawhney
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, AL, USA
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Lee J, Kwak MJ, Ju HO. Effect of a Social Support Program for Mothers of Children with Precocious Puberty: A Preliminary Quasi-Experimental Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 46:e2-e9. [PMID: 30770158 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a social support program on the stress, anxiety, guilt, and life satisfaction levels among Korean mothers of children with precocious puberty. DESIGN AND METHODS A non-equivalent control group and a non-synchronized design were used in this quasi-experiment study. Thirty-four mothers (divided into equal-sized experimental and control groups), 32-47 years of age, with children aged 6-11 years old, were recruited from a pediatric outpatient department at a national university hospital. The experimental group was involved in four sessions of a 4-week social support program. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to evaluate group differences. RESULTS The program significantly reduced mothers' stress and guilt and significantly increased their life satisfaction. No significant differences in changes in anxiety were reported between the groups. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the social support program was a useful nursing intervention for Korean mothers of children with precocious puberty, which can be extensively applied to help mothers in similar situations. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The preliminary study findings may inform healthcare professionals to develop effective interventions to promote psychosocial well-being of mothers of children with precocious puberty through strengthening their social support and to further improve the quality of life of children with precocious puberty and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Lee
- Department of Nursing Science, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ok Ju
- Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Cao Q, Huang X, Chen M, Rui G, Du C. Life Satisfaction Among Chinese Drug Addicts: The Role of Affect and Social Support. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042619827587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Cao
- Changzhou University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuena Huang
- Liaoning University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwang Chen
- Tongii University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Rui
- Changzhou University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Du
- Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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The study of character strengths and life satisfaction: A comparison between affective-component and cognitive-component traits. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpsic.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Core self-evaluations are associated with judgments of satisfaction with life via positive but not negative affect. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jayawickreme E, Tsukayama E, Kashdan TB. Examining the within-person effect of affect on daily satisfaction. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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