1
|
Peasley-Miklus CE, Shaw JG, Rosingana K, Smith ML, Sigmon SC, Heil SH, Jewiss J, Villanti AC, Harder VS. "I don't think that a medication is going to help someone long-term stay off opioids": Treatment and recovery beliefs of rural Vermont family members of people with opioid use disorder. J Rural Health 2024. [PMID: 38881521 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have addressed beliefs about treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) among family members of people with OUD, particularly in rural communities. This study examined the beliefs of rural family members of people with OUD regarding treatment, including medication for OUD (MOUD), and recovery. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with rural Vermont family members of people with OUD. Twenty family members completed interviews, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four primary themes related to beliefs about OUD treatment emerged: (1) MOUD is another form of addiction or dependency and should be used short-term; (2) essential OUD treatment components include residential and mental health services and a strong support network involving family; (3) readiness as a precursor to OUD treatment initiation; and (4) stigma as an impediment to OUD treatment and other health care services. CONCLUSIONS Rural family members valued mental health services and residential OUD treatment programs while raising concerns about MOUD and stigma in health care and the community. Several themes (e.g., MOUD as another form of addiction, residential treatment, and treatment readiness) were consistent with prior research. The belief that MOUD use should be short-term was inconsistent with the belief that OUD is a disease. Findings suggest a need for improved education on the effectiveness of MOUD for family members and on stigma for health care providers and community members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Peasley-Miklus
- University of Vermont Center on Rural Addiction, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Julia G Shaw
- University of Vermont Center on Rural Addiction, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Katie Rosingana
- Substance Use Research and Evaluation Unit, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Mary Lindsey Smith
- Substance Use Research and Evaluation Unit, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Stacey C Sigmon
- University of Vermont Center on Rural Addiction, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sarah H Heil
- University of Vermont Center on Rural Addiction, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jennifer Jewiss
- Department of Education, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Andrea C Villanti
- University of Vermont Center on Rural Addiction, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Society & Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Valerie S Harder
- University of Vermont Center on Rural Addiction, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Latip ARA, Abdullah SS, Sa'at NH, Hanizam NNS, Mustapa K, Rushdi NA, Che Ku Muda EN, Wahab S. Survey data on socioeconomic demographics of drug-free families living in high-risk drug environments in East Coast States of Peninsular Malaysia. Data Brief 2024; 54:110454. [PMID: 38708309 PMCID: PMC11068516 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The dataset represents the socioeconomic demographic of drug-free families living in a high-risk drug environment in East Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia. The purposive sampling technique was used to choose among drug free families living in high drug environment, have children aged between 13 and 17 and none of the family members involved in any substance abuse cases via face-to-face interview questionnaires between 3rd April 2021 and 8th April 2021, gathering a total of 200 responses. The survey assessing socioeconomic demographic information (14 items) and involvement in drug prevention programs (8 items). The survey data was analyzed using descriptive analysis through frequencies and percentages. The data will assist the government, policymakers, and researchers to improve the content and delivery of family-based drug prevention programs and improve family awareness on risk and protective factors towards preventing drug abuse among youths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Abdul Latip
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Centre for Ocean Governance, Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Salina Abdullah
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hayati Sa'at
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Nabila Syaqira Hanizam
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khuzaimah Mustapa
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ameera Rushdi
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Engku Nurnajihah Che Ku Muda
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suzaily Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hammond A, Antoine D, Sklar M, Kidorf M. Perinatal women in substance use disorder treatment: Interest in partnering with family and friends to support recovery needs. J Addict Dis 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38712861 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2024.2344837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal women treated for substance use disorder (SUD) face considerable barriers to recovery that might be ameliorated through activation of community support. OBJECTIVES This descriptive study evaluated the presence of drug-free family and friends in the social networks of perinatal women treated for SUD. It also assessed the interest of these women to partner with network members to mobilize support across several recovery needs. METHODS Social network interviews were conducted with 40 pre- and post-partum women treated at the Center for Addiction and Pregnancy (CAP) in Baltimore, Maryland. These interviews also prompted participants to consider which network members to invite to the program to support recovery efforts. RESULTS Study participants reported that their personal social networks included 4.4 drug-free adults. An overwhelming majority (80%) of participants reported a willingness to invite at least one person to the CAP program. Participants also endorsed several opportunities for collaboration between the program and community support. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that treatment program guided activation of network support offers a testable strategy to help perinatal women reduce barriers to recovery and improve treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hammond
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Treatment Services - BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denis Antoine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Treatment Services - BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Treatment Services - BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kidorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Treatment Services - BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kidorf M, Peirce J, Brooner RK, Yan H, Latkin C. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a community support intervention for people with opioid use disorder. Am J Addict 2023; 32:554-562. [PMID: 37553840 PMCID: PMC10840604 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES People receiving agonist treatment for opioid use disorder often have family or friends who do not use illicit substances and could be mobilized to support recovery efforts. The present study evaluates the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a community support intervention (CSI) designed to increase drug-free social support and expand drug-free network support. METHODS Participants receiving methadone treatment and using illicit drugs (n = 33) were randomly assigned to a weekly CSI or education group for 12 weeks. CSI participants attended the group with a drug-free family member or friend, and were scheduled to engage together in two community activities per week designed to meet drug-free people. Education participants attended a weekly education group and were given two weekly written homework sessions. RESULTS CSI groups were well attended. CSI participation was associated with reduced conflict with the family member or friend, and with increased engagement in self-help groups. No condition differences were observed in social network variables or urinalysis results, though four CSI participants (24%) compared to 0 education participants met criteria for substantial (>75%) reductions in drug use. Many eligible patients chose not to participate. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest good implementation feasibility and acceptability, and low demand feasibility. Broader clinical implementation requires strategies to improve patient willingness to enlist available social support. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Mobilizing family and friends to provide social support for people engaged in active drug use is possible. More work is needed on how to leverage support to change existing networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kidorf
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Address: Addiction Treatment Services - BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 1500, Baltimore, MD 2122
| | - Jessica Peirce
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Address: Addiction Treatment Services - BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 1500, Baltimore, MD 2122
| | | | - Haijuan Yan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Address: Addiction Treatment Services - BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 1500, Baltimore, MD 2122
| | - Carl Latkin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 737, Baltimore, MD 21205
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hammond A, Batkis M, Rostov P, Yan H, Kidorf M. Drug-Free Community Support in Inpatients with Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Use Problems. J Dual Diagn 2022; 18:177-184. [PMID: 36208467 PMCID: PMC10506628 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2022.2125605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the presence of drug-free family and friends in the social networks of patients treated in an inpatient setting for co-occurring psychiatric disorders and substance use problems. Methods: Social network interviews were conducted with inpatients at the Johns Hopkins Bayview Acute Psychiatric Unit with co-occurring psychiatric disorders and substance use problems (N = 90). Results: Participants reported about five social network members, of which four were drug-free. Most participants (> 70%) were willing to include a drug-free person in the current inpatient treatment plan to support recovery efforts (M = 1.8 network members) and identified several areas of recovery support. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that people treated in an inpatient psychiatric setting have local drug-free family or friends that they are willing to include in the treatment process. These findings support further study of methods to mobilize network members to enhance social support during and following hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hammond
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Address: Addiction Treatment Services – BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 1500, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Marcelo Batkis
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Address: Addiction Treatment Services – BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 1500, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Phoebe Rostov
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Address: Addiction Treatment Services – BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 1500, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Haijuan Yan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Address: Addiction Treatment Services – BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 1500, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Michael Kidorf
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Address: Addiction Treatment Services – BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Suite 1500, Baltimore, MD 21224
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cucciare MA, Han X, Timko C. Predictors of alcohol use disorder treatment outcomes over 12 months: Role of concerned others' functioning and Al-Anon participation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 238:109546. [PMID: 35780624 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study included dyads comprised of adults entering treatment for alcohol use disorder and their Concerned Others (COs) to examine indicators of COs functioning (Al-Anon attendance and involvement, relationship stressors, use of approach coping and stigma) as predictors of patient outcomes (Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance and involvement, abstinence and risk of substance use) over 12 months following adults' entry into AUD treatment. METHODS Dyads (n = 279) were assessed when patients entered treatment and at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Data were collected through participants' self-report. Lagged generalized linear mixed models were used to examine associations between indicators of COs' functioning at baseline, 3- and 6-month follow-ups and patients' outcomes at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS Patients reported less AA attendance and involvement and likelihood of maintaining abstinence from alcohol use over time. Findings from our multivariate analysis showed that any CO involvement in Al-Anon, relative to none, was associated with more patient AA attendance. In contrast, more stigma (e.g., need to hide patient's drinking) reported by COs was associated with lower patient AA participation and involvement, while more CO use of approach coping was associated with less patient risk for alcohol and drug use. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that COs' functioning can affect longer-term outcomes of adults entering AUD treatment. Treatment programs should increase the availability of help to COs to improve their functioning and patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Cucciare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, North Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, North Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Christine Timko
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oles W, Alexander M, Kumar N, Howell B, O’Connor PG, Madden LM, Barry DT. Characterizing the social support and functioning of a low-threshold medication for opioid use disorder treatment cohort at intake. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:236. [PMID: 35366844 PMCID: PMC8976510 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing morbidity and mortality rates associated with opioid use disorder, a large gap still exists between treatment need and capacity. Low-threshold clinics utilizing medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment can increase treatment access but are understudied, and little is known about how patient demographic characteristics are associated with their social support and functioning in these settings. METHODS We used multivariate regression to estimate associations between demographic characteristics and self-reported social support or functioning indicators among patients receiving MOUD in a low-threshold clinic using several validated instruments administered at intake: Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale, Brief Pain Inventory, and Life Events Checklist for DSM-5. Patients initiating MOUD treatment between April 1 and December 31, 2017, with complete surveys were included (N=582). RESULTS Patients were primarily male (62%), aged 34 or older (53%), non-Hispanic White (79%), separated or not married (86%), and unemployed (64%). Over 20% did not live in a house or apartment in the past month. Women were more likely to "get along" with people outside their family or in social situations and to identify their partner as their source of support. Women, non-White, and older patients were at higher risk of social functioning-disrupting events (physical/sexual assaults or experiencing chronic pain), while employment and housing were protective against exposure to these trauma-related events. However, employment and housing also decreased the odds of talking with others about substance use. The aforementioned results were obtained from multivariate logistic regression models and were significant to p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Variation in support and functioning by demographic characteristics suggests that treatment facilities may benefit from adopting strategies that take baseline disparities in support and functioning into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Oles
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Human Nature Lab, Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Marcus Alexander
- Human Nature Lab, Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Navin Kumar
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Human Nature Lab, Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Benjamin Howell
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.281208.10000 0004 0419 3073VA Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Patrick G. O’Connor
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Lynn M. Madden
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.422797.d0000 0004 0558 5300APT Foundation, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Declan T. Barry
- grid.422797.d0000 0004 0558 5300APT Foundation, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meulewaeter F, De Schauwer E, De Pauw SSW, Vanderplasschen W. "I Grew Up Amidst Alcohol and Drugs:" a Qualitative Study on the Lived Experiences of Parental Substance Use Among Adults Who Developed Substance Use Disorders Themselves. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:768802. [PMID: 35185647 PMCID: PMC8847438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.768802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing parental substance use (PSU) has been associated with a heightened risk of developing substance use disorders (SUDs) in offspring. The primary goal of this study was to explore perspectives of adult children with lived experience of PSU who also developed SUDs themselves through first-hand experience. This study was conducted in Flanders (Belgium). A qualitative exploratory research design was applied. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult children of parents with SUDs (range: 29-48 years) who themselves had developed SUDs. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Three overarching themes emerged through thematic analysis: 1) loneliness and neglect in childhood; 2) stigma and the self; and 3) the role of social connection in substance use and recovery. The narratives highlighted the central role of feelings of loneliness, isolation and belonging among children of parents with SUDs in childhood and adulthood. Increasing public awareness on the impact of PSU on children and accessible support is needed to overcome stigma and remove barriers to social inclusion for children of parents with SUDs. Findings may prove valuable in informing policy, program and treatment development aimed at breaking maladaptive intergenerational cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florien Meulewaeter
- Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Polenick CA, Han BH, Meyers SN, Arnold TD, Cotton BP. Associations between relationship quality and treatment-related stress among couples receiving methadone for opioid use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 132:108580. [PMID: 34400033 PMCID: PMC8671149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social relationships may buffer or exacerbate stress among patients receiving methadone treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Little is known, however, about how relationship quality is linked to treatment-related stress among couples in which both partners receive methadone. We considered the links between relationship quality and treatment-related stress among couples in methadone treatment for OUD. METHODS Participants for this cross-sectional observational study included 60 heterosexual married or cohabiting couples aged 18 and older drawn from two opioid treatment programs in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Both partners completed a self-administered survey which assessed their sociodemographic information, relationship and treatment characteristics, and perceived treatment-related stress. We estimated actor-partner interdependence models to evaluate the links between each partner's perceptions of relationship quality (with their partner and their closest family member or friend) and treatment-related stress. RESULTS When their partners reported a more positive partner relationship, women had lower treatment-related stress. When women reported a more positive relationship with their own closest family member or friend, both women and their partners had lower treatment-related stress. When men perceived a more positive relationship with their closest family member or friend, their partners reported greater treatment-related stress. Negative relationship quality was not significantly linked to treatment-related stress. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of considering how social relationship quality might impact the experiences of couples receiving methadone for OUD. In particular, women's close relationships may help to mitigate treatment-related stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Polenick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States,Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Han
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego CA 92161, United States
| | - Summer N. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Tomorrow D. Arnold
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States
| | - Brandi Parker Cotton
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Asta D, Davis A, Krishnamurti T, Klocke L, Abdullah W, Krans EE. The influence of social relationships on substance use behaviors among pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 222:108665. [PMID: 33775448 PMCID: PMC8627830 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the social network characteristics of pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and explore how changes in social relationships during pregnancy may influence substance use behaviors. METHODS Between 2017 and 2018, we conducted an exploratory pilot study among 50 pregnant women with OUD. Participants completed a detailed social network inventory to describe the behaviors (e.g. substance-using), social support characteristics (e.g. financial, emotional, informational) and roles (e.g. family member, friend) of network members. The primary outcome was a self-reported decrease in substance use during pregnancy. Pearson correlations were used to test for associations between covariates reflecting different aspects of participants' social networks and decreased substance use during pregnancy. RESULTS Most participants (84.0 %) decreased substance use during pregnancy and stated that pregnancy motivated them to engage in treatment (94.0 %). Participants had a median of 8 (IQR: 4-18) network members with differing proportions of those who did and did not use substances. Pregnancy prompted participants to significantly increase contact with (26.4 % vs. 5.0 %), have increased support from (35.7 % vs. 7.5 %), and a have a feeling of increased closeness with (26.1 % vs. 3.3 %) network members who did not use substances. However, decreased substance use during pregnancy was most strongly (negatively) associated with the proportion of network members who used substances and provided informational support (r=-0.25, p = 0.08) and a feeling of closeness (r=-0.26, p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that pregnancy has a profound influence on women's substance use behaviors and that changes in social relationships due to pregnancy may influence substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dena Asta
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, 1958 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 1760 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Alex Davis
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Baker Hall 129, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tamar Krishnamurti
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Meyran Ave. Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Leah Klocke
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Walitta Abdullah
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Krans
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Socially-supportive norms and mutual aid of people who use opioids: An analysis of Reddit during the initial COVID-19 pandemic. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 222:108672. [PMID: 33757708 PMCID: PMC8057693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Big events (i.e., unique historical disruptions) like the COVID-19 epidemic and its associated period of social distancing can transform social structures, social interactions, and social norms. Social distancing rules and the fear of infection have greatly reduced face-to-face interactions, increased loneliness, reduced ties to helping institutions, and may also have disrupted the opioid use behaviors of people who use drugs. This research used Reddit to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the social networks and social processes of people who use opioids. METHODS Data were collected from the social media forum, Reddit.com. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. (March 5, 2020, to May 13, 2020), 2,000 Reddit posts were collected from the two most popular opioid subreddits (r/OpiatesRecovery, r/Opiates). Posts were reviewed for relevance to COVID-19 and opioid use resulting in a final sample of 300. Thematic analysis was guided by the Big Events framework. RESULTS The COVID-19 pandemic was found to create changes in the social networks and daily lives among persons who use opioids. Adaptions to these changes shifted social networks leading to robust social support and mutual aid on Reddit, including sharing and seeking advice on facing withdrawal, dealing with isolation, managing cravings, and accessing recovery resources. CONCLUSIONS Reddit provided an important source of social support and mutual aid for persons who use opioids. Findings indicate online social support networks are beneficial to persons who use opioids, particularly during big events where isolation from other social support resources may occur.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kidorf M, Latkin C, Brooner RK, Yan H, Peirce J. Developing a community-supported risk reduction intervention for syringe exchange registrants and their drug-free family or friends: a pilot study. J Addict Dis 2020; 39:248-256. [PMID: 33287681 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1854033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People engaged in injection opioid use often have drug-free family or friends that could be mobilized to support risk reduction and treatment seeking. OBJECTIVE This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 6-week community-supported risk reduction group intervention for syringe exchange program (SEP) registrants and drug-free network members. METHOD The group provided risk reduction and treatment readiness education, with weekly assignments for participants to engage together in community activities designed to meet other drug-free people. RESULTS Thirty-nine SEP registrants (and 39 community supports) enrolled in the study, and 21 pairs attended at least one group. For this smaller sample, participants attended 67% of scheduled sessions and engaged in scheduled activities during 42% of the study weeks, with 48% of SEP participants (n = 10) choosing to enter substance use disorder treatment. SEP participants who entered treatment reported reduced rates of injection drug use, opioid use, and cocaine use. CONCLUSIONS While this intervention shows promise for linking syringe exchange and substance use disorder treatment participation in select SEP registrants, outcomes demonstrating low demand and modest acceptability suggest that additional research is necessary to understand barriers to participation and motivate higher levels of engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kidorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert K Brooner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haijuan Yan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Peirce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arnaudova I, Jin H, Amaro H. Pretreatment social network characteristics relate to increased risk of dropout and unfavorable outcomes among women in a residential treatment setting for substance use. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 116:108044. [PMID: 32741497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased retention in residential treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) has been associated with more favorable clinical outcomes for residents. Yet SUD treatment dropout remains high. It is essential to uncover factors contributing to these high rates. Little is known about whether features of an individual's social network prior to treatment entry are related to number of days in treatment or to clinical status at treatment termination. To examine these relationships, we analyzed data from 241 women (58.5% Hispanic) entering an SUD residential treatment facility, who agreed to participate in a parent randomized control trial. We assessed characteristics of these women's social networks prior to treatment entry at baseline. We extracted clinician-determined progress at treatment termination and days in treatment two months after treatment entry from clinical records. Data-driven analyses using purposeful selection of predictors showed that the overall size of the social network was associated with increased likelihood of being classified as having achieved good clinical progress in treatment at termination and that number of drug users in the pretreatment social network was related to staying fewer days in treatment. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no significant associations between other pretreatment social support network characteristics (i.e., social support) and treatment retention or clinical discharge status. Future research should examine how features of social networks change through treatment and how these changes relate to treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Arnaudova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California -, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Haomiao Jin
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Hortensia Amaro
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine and Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Timko C, Grant KM, Mohankumar R, Cucciare MA. Functioning of adults in alcohol use disorder treatment: Role of concerned others. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 113:108003. [PMID: 32359669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined patients in treatment for alcohol use disorders ("Patients") and their "concerned others" (COs-family and friends): (1) Did Patients' functioning differ according to COs' study participation? Among Patients with participating COs, (2) did Patients and COs agree on Patients' functioning, and (3) was Patients' functioning associated with COs' functioning and quality of CO-Patient relationships? METHOD Four-hundred and two Patients (mean age = 44, majority white men) and 277 COs (mean age = 52, majority white women) completed validated assessments. RESULTS (1) Unexpectedly, Patients who did not identify a CO for potential study participation had more protective factors against future substance use and more readiness to participate in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) than patients who did identify a CO. (2) Patients had higher scores than COs did when rating the Patient's protective factors, viewed the Patient-CO relationship as having more resources and fewer stressors than COs did, and reported fewer incidents of violence toward the CO than the CO did. (3) Patients had higher risk factors scores when their COs binge drank, and the Patient-CO relationship had more stressors and violence. Patients had higher protective factors scores when COs had greater readiness for Al-Anon participation, and Patients had attended more AA meetings, reported more resources in their relationship with their CO, and used more negotiation tactics when in conflict with their CO. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that interventions to improve Patients' functioning should be broadened beyond COs who are spouses or partners, decrease COs' binge drinking, facilitate 12-step participation, decrease relationship stressors and conflict, and increase relationship resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Timko
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Grant
- Mental Health and Behavioral Science Department, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Pulmonary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile Streets, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Rakshitha Mohankumar
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael A Cucciare
- Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, North Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Majer JM, Jason LA, Hickey P, Joshua N, Jeong H, Bobak TJ. Social Support among Oxford House Residents Utilizing Medication-Assisted Treatments. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2019.1678445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Majer
- Social Science Department, Harry S. Truman College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonard A. Jason
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick Hickey
- Social Science Department, Harry S. Truman College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Norris Joshua
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hayoung Jeong
- Social Science Department, Harry S. Truman College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ted J. Bobak
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sapp AJ, Hooten P. Working with families impacted by the opioid crisis: Education, best practices, and providing hope. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2019; 33:3-8. [PMID: 31711590 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aida J Sapp
- University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, United States of America; Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States of America.
| | - Phyllis Hooten
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Not getting high with a little help from your friends: Social versus drug network correlates of marijuana use among YMSM. Addict Behav 2019; 92:180-185. [PMID: 30641336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence has documented the importance of social connections in shaping health and drug use behaviors among adolescents and young adults. The current study extends previous research into the associations between network characteristics and drug use behavior among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) by 1) examining multiple network characteristics, 2) simultaneously assessing multiple network types (i.e., social and drug use), and 3) examining change in network characteristics and drug use behavior over time. Data for the current study comes from RADAR, a longitudinal cohort study of YMSM. Latent growth curve models examined the change in frequency of marijuana use across four observations and individual and network correlates of this change including: demographics, drug network size, drug network density, social network size, and social network density. Baseline frequency of marijuana use was positively associated with drug network size and density, while it was inversely related to social network size and density. In addition, increasing frequency of marijuana use was associated with increases in drug network size and density, while it was associated with decreases in social network size. These findings highlight the complexity of multiple network types (e.g., drug and social) and network structures (e.g., size and density) in understanding drug use behavior among YMSM. Furthermore, as changes in drug and social networks may be indicative of changes in marijuana use, peer relationships may be especially important in understanding an individual's trajectories of marijuana use.
Collapse
|
18
|
Skårner A, Gerdner A. Conceptual and theoretical framework of the MAP-NET: A social networks analysis tool. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1488515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Skårner
- Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arne Gerdner
- Department of Social Work, Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kidorf M, Brooner RK, Peirce J, Gandotra J, Leoutsakos JM. Mobilizing community support in people receiving opioid-agonist treatment: A group approach. J Subst Abuse Treat 2018; 93:1-6. [PMID: 30126535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This descriptive study evaluates a novel group intervention designed to help opioid-dependent patients in medication-assisted treatment identify and recruit drug-free individuals to support recovery efforts. The Social Network Activation Group works with patients who are actively using drugs and resistant to including drug-free family or friends in treatment. The group encourages patients to attend structured recovery, religious, or recreational activities in the community to find recovery support. For those with underutilized support, motivational interviewing and skills training are used to help patients resolve ambivalence and include family or friends in the treatment plan. Patients earn up to one methadone take-home each week that they attend the group and verify activity participation. They complete the group after introducing a drug-free family member or friend to their counselor. This study reports on a sample of 66 patients referred to this group as part of intensive outpatient treatment. Patients attended 71% of scheduled sessions and participated in a M = 4.3 activities. Mutual-help support groups (64%) and church (28%) were the activities most often attended. Thirty-six percent brought in a drug-free family or friend to meet their counselor. Family members were the most common choice (67%). The results demonstrate preliminary feasibility and mixed efficacy of the Social Network Activation Group for this highly select sample of patients, and provide additional evidence that many patients possess drug-free family or friends who are willing to support recovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kidorf
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Robert K Brooner
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jessica Peirce
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jim Gandotra
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|