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Koutsaviti A, Kvasnicová M, Gonzalez G, Štenclová T, Agusti S, Duarte CM, Rarová L, Strnad M, Roussis V, Ioannou E. Isolation and Bioactivity Evaluation of Sesquiterpenes from an Alcyonarian of the Genus Lemnalia from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400235. [PMID: 38412304 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, soft corals have been proven a rich source of biologically active compounds, featuring a wide range of chemical structures. Herein, we investigated the chemistry of an alcyonarian of the genus Lemnalia (Neptheidae), specimens of which were collected from the coral reefs near Al Lith, on the south-west coast of Saudi Arabia. A series of chromatographic separations led to the isolation of 31 sesquiterpenes, featuring mainly the nardosinane and neolemnane carbon skeletons, among which three (13, 14 and 28) are new natural products. The metabolites isolated in sufficient amounts were evaluated in vitro in human tumor and non-cancerous cell lines for a number of biological activities, including their cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective activities, as well as for their effect on androgen receptor (AR)-regulated transcription. Among the tested metabolites, compound 12 showed comparable neuroprotective activity to the positive control N-acetylcysteine, albeit at a 10-fold lower concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Koutsaviti
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Marie Kvasnicová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, Olomouc, CZ-77900, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Štenclová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Agusti
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucie Rarová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, Olomouc, CZ-77900, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, Olomouc, CZ-77900, Czech Republic
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece
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Lorca M, Cabezas D, Araque I, Terán A, Hernández S, Mellado M, Espinoza L, Mella J. Cancer and brassinosteroids: Mechanisms of action, SAR and future perspectives. Steroids 2023; 190:109153. [PMID: 36481216 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are plant hormones whose main function is to stimulate plant growth. However, they have been studied for their biological applications in humans. Brassinosteroid compounds have displayed an important role in the study of cancer pathology and show potential for developing novel anticancer drugs. In this review we describe the relationship of brassinosteroids with cancer with focus on the last decade, the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity described to date, and a structure-activity relationship based on the available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lorca
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - David Cabezas
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Ileana Araque
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Andrés Terán
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Santiago Hernández
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Marco Mellado
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile.
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
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Bioactive Steroids from the Red Sea Soft Coral Sinularia polydactyla. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120632. [PMID: 33322046 PMCID: PMC7763444 DOI: 10.3390/md18120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Six new (1, 2, 6, 8, 13, and 20) and twenty previously isolated (3-5, 7, 9-12, 14-19, and 21-26) steroids featuring thirteen different carbocycle motifs were isolated from the organic extract of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla collected from the Hurghada reef in the Red Sea. The structures and the relative configurations of the isolated natural products have been determined based on extensive analysis of their NMR and MS data. The cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective activity of compounds 3-7, 9-12, 14-20, and 22-26, as well as their effect on androgen receptor-regulated transcription was evaluated in vitro in human tumor and non-cancerous cells. Steroids 22 and 23 showed significant cytotoxicity in the low micromolar range against the HeLa and MCF7 cancer cell lines, while migration of endothelial cells was inhibited by compounds 11, 12, 22, and 23 at 20 µM. The results of the androgen receptor (AR) reporter assay showed that compound 11 exhibited the strongest inhibition of AR at 10 µM, while it is noteworthy that steroids 10, 16, and 20 displayed increased inhibition of AR with decreasing concentrations. Additionally, compounds 11 and 23 showed neuroprotective activity on neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells.
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Liu XX, Yang L, Shao LX, He Y, Wu G, Bao YH, Lu NN, Gong DM, Lu YP, Cui TT, Sun NH, Chen DY, Shi WX, Fukunaga K, Chen HS, Chen Z, Han F, Lu YM. Endothelial Cdk5 deficit leads to the development of spontaneous epilepsy through CXCL1/CXCR2-mediated reactive astrogliosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20180992. [PMID: 31699822 PMCID: PMC7037235 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liu et al. reveal a key mechanism that mediating the transition from cerebrovascular damage to epilepsy. They identify the endothelial cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates astrocytic glutamate reuptake and increased glutamate synaptic function through CXCL1/CXCR2-mediated astrogliosis. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been suggested to play an important role in epilepsy. However, the mechanism mediating the transition from cerebrovascular damage to epilepsy remains unknown. Here, we report that endothelial cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a central regulator of neuronal excitability. Endothelial-specific Cdk5 knockout led to spontaneous seizures in mice. Knockout mice showed increased endothelial chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1) expression, decreased astrocytic glutamate reuptake through the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), and increased glutamate synaptic function. Ceftriaxone restored astrocytic GLT1 function and inhibited seizures in endothelial Cdk5-deficient mice, and these effects were also reversed after silencing Cxcl1 in endothelial cells and its receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (Cxcr2) in astrocytes, respectively, in the CA1 by AAV transfection. These results reveal a previously unknown link between cerebrovascular factors and epileptogenesis and provide a rationale for targeting endothelial signaling as a potential treatment for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Huan Bao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan-Nan Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian-Tian Cui
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning-He Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Basic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kaur Kohli S, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj V, Sharma A, Kalia N, Landi M, Bhardwaj R. Therapeutic Potential of Brassinosteroids in Biomedical and Clinical Research. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E572. [PMID: 32283642 PMCID: PMC7226375 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are a pivotal class of hormones with a key role in growth modulation and signal transduction in multicellular organisms. Synthetic steroids are widely used to cure large array of viral, fungal, bacterial, and cancerous infections. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a natural collection of phytosterols, which have structural similarity with animal steroids. BRs are dispersed universally throughout the plant kingdom. These plant steroids are well known to modulate a plethora of physiological responses in plants leading to improvement in quality as well as yield of food crops. Moreover, they have been found to play imperative role in stress-fortification against various stresses in plants. Over a decade, BRs have conquered worldwide interest due to their diverse biological activities in animal systems. Recent studies have indicated anticancerous, antiangiogenic, antiviral, antigenotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial bioactivities of BRs in the animal test systems. BRs inhibit replication of viruses and induce cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines. Keeping in view the biological activities of BRs, this review is an attempt to update the information about prospects of BRs in biomedical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Abhay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
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Huskova Z, Steigerova J, Oklestkova J, Rarova L, Kolar Z, Strnad M. Molecular mechanisms of plant steroids and study of their interaction with nuclear receptors in prostate cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111164. [PMID: 32001316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormone brassinosteroids (BRs) have multiple important functions in plants. They have also been found to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activity. The experimental part of this article describes the effects of BR biosynthetic precursors on prostate cancer cells. The experiments were performed with LNCaP and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. These were cultivated and treated with tested BRs in different concentrations and time intervals. The tested compounds were found to affect cell viability, nuclear receptor expression, cell cycle and apoptosis in the tumor cells. IC50 concentrations were determined based on MTT test and the two most active compounds (cathasterone and 6-oxocampestanol) were used in the next experiments. Cathasterone was the most effective of all tested compounds and effectively inhibited integrity of cell spheres. It was found that both BRs had no significant effect on the cell cycle in LNCaP at IC50 concentration, while in DU-145 a significant block in G0/G1 phase after the BR treatment was observed. The effect of BRs on the nuclear steroid receptors was manifested by changes in their expression and localization. BRs demonstrated their significant effect on prostate cancer cells and the compounds have potential used in anticancer drug research and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Huskova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Steigerova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kolar
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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