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Bardhi A, Vecchiato CG, Sabetti MC, Tardo AM, Vasylyeva K, Biagi G, Pietra M, Barbarossa A. A Novel UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Canine Serum and Its Application to Healthy Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:62. [PMID: 38200793 PMCID: PMC10778062 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown the importance of vitamin D3 supplementation in small animals. In dogs, a low vitamin D3 status is associated not only with bone metabolism but also with different kinds of disorders, such as congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and some types of cancer. However, it is crucial to maintain balance and monitor the introduction of this essential nutrient through the diet because over-supplementation can result in toxicity. Due to the clinical importance of assessing the vitamin D3 status in small animal patients, a quick, simple, and highly performing analytical method for its measurement is needed. In this study, we describe the development of a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 quantification in canine serum. The approach was successfully validated following current European guidelines, proving excellent linearity (R2 always ≥0.996), accuracy (always within ±13%) and precision (always <10%). The application of the validated approach to samples collected from 40 healthy dogs made possible the definition of a reliable reference interval for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, the main biomarker of vitamin D3. In addition, variations below 5% in the results obtained quantifying the same samples using a water-based calibration curve demonstrated that a surrogate matrix may be used without affecting data accuracy. Thanks to its simplicity, the proposed technique represents a useful tool for supporting clinical routine and investigating correlations between serum concentrations of this metabolite and multiple diseases. Additionally, it could enable the monitoring of supplementation in small animal patients in veterinary clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Bardhi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.T.); (K.V.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Carla Giuditta Vecchiato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.T.); (K.V.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Antonio Maria Tardo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.T.); (K.V.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Kateryna Vasylyeva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.T.); (K.V.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.T.); (K.V.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.T.); (K.V.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.T.); (K.V.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
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Zhang QF, Xiao HM, An N, Zhu QF, Feng YQ. Determination of vitamin D metabolites in various biological samples through an improved chemical derivatization assisted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6009-6014. [PMID: 37927098 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) metabolites are involved in a variety of important metabolic processes and physiological effects in organisms. Profiling of VD metabolites favors a deep understanding of the physiological role of VD. However, VD metabolites are difficult to detect due to their high chemical structural rigidity, structural similarity, and low sensitivities under liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Herein, we present a chemical derivatization assisted LC-MS/MS strategy for the detection of VDs, in which 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) is employed to derivatize the conjugated diene of VD metabolites and provides sensitizing reporters for MS detection. After PTAD derivatization, the sensitivities of seven VD metabolites increased by 24-276 folds, with the limits of detection ranging from 3 to 20 pg mL-1. Using this method, we achieved a sensitive and accurate quantification of 7 VD metabolites (vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3) of the VD metabolic pathway in different trace biological samples, including human serum, mouse tissues (namely liver, kidney, lung, and spleen), and cells. We believe that the present method can provide a promising tool for an in-depth analysis of VD metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
- Hubei Geological Research Laboratory, Wuhan 430034, PR China
| | - Hua-Ming Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Na An
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Quan-Fei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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3
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Xu Z, Wang X, Jiang J. Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Clinical Applications: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37910438 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2274039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an attractive analytical method in clinical analysis due to its comprehensive advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity and high throughput. Separation techniques coupled MS detection (e.g., LC-MS/MS) have shown unique advantages over immunoassay and have developed as golden criterion for many clinical applications. This review summarizes the characteristics and applications of MS, and emphasizes the high efficiency of MS in clinical research. In addition, this review also put forward further prospects for the future of mass spectrometry technology, including the introduction of miniature MS instruments, point-of-care detection and high-throughput analysis, to achieve better development of MS technology in various fields of clinical application. Moreover, as ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) requires little or no sample pretreatment and improves the flux of MS, this review also summarizes its potential applications in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
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4
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C3-Epimer of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 as a Superior Marker for Predicting the Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5268706. [PMID: 35498132 PMCID: PMC9054460 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5268706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) is involved in oxidative stress regulation by upregulating the expression of antioxidant genes except for mineral homeostasis physiological role. C3-epimer of 25(OH)D3 (C3-epi-25[OH]D3) is a form of vitamin D metabolite with low bioaffinity in vivo, but little is known about the relationship between C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and diseases. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method. A total of 318 RA inpatients were enrolled and divided into mild (
), moderate (
), and severe (
) CKD groups according to the CKD prognosis criterion of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Serum levels of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, C3-epi-25(OH)D3, and free 25(OH)D (F25[OH]D) were measured, and the value of 25(OH)D was calculated. The relationship and changing trend of the indexes based on CKD severity were analyzed. Results. The serum levels of 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3, and F25(OH)D showed a decreasing trend (
,
) in RA patients with CKD progression from mild to severe, while C3-epi-25(OH)D3 showed an increasing trend (
,
) and 25(OH)D2 showed no significant difference among the groups (
,
). Only levels of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 presented significant differences between adjacent CKD severity groups in RA patients (mild to moderate:
,
; moderate to severe:
,
). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D3 and C3-epi-25(OH)D3 were significant predictors for CKD progression in RA patients, and C3-epi-25(OH)D3 had a better predictive advantage (moderate vs. mild:
,
; severe vs. mild:
,
). Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal that C3-epi-25(OH)D3 is a dominant predictor of CKD severity in RA patients. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and other diseases.
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Clarke KE, Hurst EA, Mellanby RJ. Vitamin D metabolism and disorders in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:935-947. [PMID: 34323302 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating calcium metabolism and in the development and maintenance of skeletal health of companion animals. There is also a growing interest in understanding the role vitamin D plays in non-skeletal health in both human and veterinary patients. This review provides an update of our current understanding of vitamin D biology in dogs and cats and gives an overview of how vitamin D metabolism can be assessed in companion animals. Congenital and acquired vitamin D disorders are then summarised before the review concludes with a summary of recent studies which have explored the role of vitamin D in the development and outcomes of non-skeletal diseases of dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Clarke
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - E A Hurst
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - R J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
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6
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Jia W, Zhang M, Du A, Zhang R, Xu M, Shi L. Accurate Quantification of Sulfonamide Metabolites in Goat Meat: A New Strategy for Minimizing Interaction between Sheep Serum Albumin and Sulfonamide Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6556-6568. [PMID: 34080416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, the determination of sulfonamide metabolites in animal-derived food has universal disadvantages of low throughput and no integrated metabolites involved. In this study, a powerful and reliable strategy for high-throughput screening of sulfonamide metabolites in goat meat was proposed based on an aqueous two-phase separation procedure (ATPS) combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap). Noncovalent interactions including van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic effect were determined to be staple interactions between the sulfonamide metabolites and sheep serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking technology, and an 80% acetonitrile-water solution/(NH4)2SO4 was used as ATPS in order to release combined sulfonamide metabolites and minimize the influence of sheep serum albumin. Sulfonamide metabolites in the matrix were screened based on a mechanism of mass natural loss and core structure followed by identification combined with the pharmacokinetic. The developed strategy was validated according to EU standard 2002/657/EC with CCα ranging from 0.07 to 0.98 μg kg-1, accuracy recovery with 84-107%, and RSDs lower than 8.9%. Eighty seven goat meat samples were used for determination of 26 sulfonamides and 8 potential metabolites. On the basis of the established innovative process, this study has successfully implemented the comprehensive detection of sulfonamide metabolites, including N4-acetylated substitution, N4-hydroxylation, 4-nitroso, azo dimers, oxidized nitro, N4 monoglucose conjugation, β-d-glucuronide, and N-4-aminobenzenesulfonyl metabolites, which were shown to undergo oxidation, hydrogenation, sulfation, glucuronidation, glucosylation, and O-aminomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - An Du
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Mudan Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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7
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Clements DN, Ryan JM, Handel IG, Gow AG, Campbell S, Hurst E, Mellanby RJ. Relationship between vitamin D status and clinical outcomes in dogs with a cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:385-389. [PMID: 33799168 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is one of the most common orthopaedic disorders diagnosed in dogs yet the factors which influence postoperative clinical outcomes are poorly understood. Low vitamin D status has been linked to poorer clinical outcomes in human patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pre-operative vitamin D status, as defined by serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, and initial disease severity and clinical outcomes in dogs undergoing surgical treatment for a CCLR. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 44 dogs with a CCLR on the day before surgery. C-reactive protein concentrations were measured at a median time of 1 day post-surgery and the patient's clinical and radiographic response to CCLR surgical treatment was assessed at a median timepoint of 60 days post-surgery. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs with a CCLR was not significantly different to a population of healthy dogs (median 74.1 nmol/L and 88.40 nmol/L, respectively). There was no significant correlation between pre-operative serum 25(OH)D concentrations and length of pre-diagnosis clinical signs, pre-operative lameness scores or day 1 post-operative CRP concentrations. Thirty nine of the 44 dogs were re-examined at a median 60 days post-surgery. There was no relationship between the day 60 lameness scores and pre-operative serum 25(OH)D concentrations. In summary, we discovered that the vitamin D status of dogs with a CCLR was not significantly lower than healthy dogs and pre-operative serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not correlated to either pre-surgical disease severity or post-operative clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Clements
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - John M Ryan
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam G Gow
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Campbell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Hurst
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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Qi FF, Tao LM, Dai YM, Zhang BM, Wang X, Yu Y. Optimization and application of high-throughput supported liquid extraction for simultaneous determination of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122672. [PMID: 33984631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The demand for analysis of carotenoids (CAR) and fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) is continuously expanding, but currently used sample preparation methods either require complicated extraction procedure or large sample volume, let alone the reliability of the results. This study aimed to develop a fast, high-efficient, and high-throughput method based on supported liquid extraction (SLE) for the simultaneous extraction of FSV and CAR from human serum before using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The optimization of SLE parameters was achieved through response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and included serum-water-extraction solvent ratio and eluent volume. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method gives acceptable limits of detection (LOD) (0.005-0.3 μg/mL), good recovery (89.6-110.9%) as well as relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 10.1% by consuming lower serum sample (100 μL) and less sample preparation time (2 min per sample). Compared with liquid-phase extraction (LLE), the SLE delivers rapid extraction with higher recovery, better reproducibility, and lower matrix effect for CAR and FSV analysis. The method has been successfully applied to quantify CAR and FSV levels in serum of healthy individuals and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method for epidemiology and routine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Qi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Li-Mei Tao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Dai
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Bao-Ming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China; Hospital of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China.
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Clements DN, Bruce G, Ryan JM, Handel IG, Oikonomidis IL, Gow AG, Evans H, Campbell S, Hurst E, Mellanby RJ. Effects of surgery on free and total 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2617-2621. [PMID: 33179819 PMCID: PMC7694799 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether a low total 25(OH)D concentration is a cause or consequence of illnesses. To address this knowledge gap, studies measuring free and total 25(OH)D during the evolution and resolution of an inflammatory process are required. Objectives Serum total and free 25(OH)D concentrations would transiently decline after cruciate surgery in dogs. Animals Seventeen client‐owned dogs with a spontaneous cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). Methods A longitudinal cohort study involving the measurement of serum concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D, total calcium, creatinine, albumin, phosphate, C‐reactive protein and plasma ionized calcium, at 1 day before and a median time of 1 and 60 days after surgical treatment of CCLR. Results Median serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D before surgery (80.3 nmoL/L [range, 43.5‐137.3]) significantly declined immediately after surgery; (64.8 nmoL/L [range, 36.3‐116.5] 1 day after surgery, P < .005) before increasing to become nonsignificantly different from concentrations before surgery at day 60 after surgery (median 78.0 nmoL/L [range, 24.2‐115.8], P = .14). In contrast, median free 25(OH)D concentrations before surgery (7.6 pg/mL [range, 3.8‐12.2]) significantly increased immediately after surgery (9.2 pg/mL [range, 5.2‐15.7], P < .05) before declining to become nonsignificantly different from before surgery concentrations at day 60 after surgery (median 6.2 pg/mL [range, 4.0‐15.8], P = .37). Conclusion and Clinical Importance This study reveals the difficulties of assessing vitamin D status in dogs following elective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Clements
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Gemma Bruce
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - John M Ryan
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Ian G Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Ioannis L Oikonomidis
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Adam G Gow
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Helen Evans
- Nationwide Specialist Laboratories, Unit 2 Sawston Park, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Susan Campbell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Emma Hurst
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
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10
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Hurst EA, Homer NZ, Mellanby RJ. Vitamin D Metabolism and Profiling in Veterinary Species. Metabolites 2020; 10:E371. [PMID: 32942601 PMCID: PMC7569877 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for vitamin D analysis in veterinary species is increasing with the growing knowledge of the extra-skeletal role vitamin D plays in health and disease. The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) metabolite is used to assess vitamin D status, and the benefits of analysing other metabolites in the complex vitamin D pathway are being discovered in humans. Profiling of the vitamin D pathway by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) facilitates simultaneous analysis of multiple metabolites in a single sample and over wide dynamic ranges, and this method is now considered the gold-standard for quantifying vitamin D metabolites. However, very few studies report using LC-MS/MS for the analysis of vitamin D metabolites in veterinary species. Given the complexity of the vitamin D pathway and the similarities in the roles of vitamin D in health and disease between humans and companion animals, there is a clear need to establish a comprehensive, reliable method for veterinary analysis that is comparable to that used in human clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the differences in vitamin D metabolism between veterinary species and the benefits of measuring vitamin D metabolites beyond 25(OH)D. Finally, we discuss the analytical challenges in profiling vitamin D in veterinary species with a focus on LC-MS/MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Hurst
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK;
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Natalie Z. Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Richard J. Mellanby
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK;
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11
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Mullany A, Waddington A, Mellanby RJ. Hypercalcaemia in a dog with lymphoma without increases in parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone‐related protein and vitamin D metabolites concentrations. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush Veterinary CampusRoslinMidlothianUK
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Ware WA, Freeman LM, Rush JE, Ward JL, Makowski AJ, Zhang M. Vitamin D status in cats with cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1389-1398. [PMID: 32557856 PMCID: PMC7379033 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin D concentrations have been associated with advanced heart disease and poorer outcomes in people and dogs. Vitamin D status typically is assessed by serum 25(OH)D concentration. However, cats also produce notable amounts of a C-3 epimer of 25(OH)D (3-epi). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Determine if vitamin D status, estimated by 25(OH)D3 alone or combined with 3-epi (summation vitD), is lower in cats with cardiomyopathy (CM) compared to clinically normal (N) cats and if indicators of disease severity are associated with vitamin D status. ANIMALS Privately owned cats, 44 with CM and 56 N. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study using clinical and echocardiographic findings, diet history, and serum 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi measurements. RESULTS Cat age was negatively related to vitamin D status. Summation vitD was lower in CM cats (median = 47.1 ng/mL) compared to N cats (median = 58.65 ng/mL) both before (P = .03) and after (P = .04) accounting for age. However, 25(OH)D3 became nonsignificant between CM and N cats after age was included. Summation vitD was related positively to survival time and fractional shortening (FS), but negatively to left atrial enlargement (LAE) severity, both before and after accounting for age. For 25(OH)D3 alone, only survival time and FS remained significant after including age. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We report 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi concentrations in CM and N cats. Age had an important (negative) relationship to vitamin D status. After accounting for age, summation vitD was lower in CM cats. Vitamin D status was related positively to survival time and FS, but negatively to LAE severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Ware
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Lisa M Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John E Rush
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Ward
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrew J Makowski
- Heartland Assays LLC & Metabolic Technologies, Inc., Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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