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Chen X, Tang J, Hu D, Jiang W, Feng J, Yang Y. C3-epi-25(OH)D3 percentage, not level, may be a potential biomarker to reflect its pathological increase in multiple diseases: a cross-sectional case-control study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23004. [PMID: 38155294 PMCID: PMC10754939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
National surveys in developed countries have examined the presence of C3-epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [C3-epi-25(OH)D3]. However, controversy remains regarding its association with disease occurrence due to its high correlation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]. This study aims to investigate whether %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 can serve as an indicator for this relationship with various diseases. A total of 3086 healthy participants and 4120 patients were included in this study. We investigated the association between C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels with gender, age, and season; compared the performance of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 across different disease conditions; and explored the correlation between %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and various diseases. Results indicated that C3-epi-25(OH)D3 varied significantly by gender, age, and season (z/χ2 = 3.765, 10.163, and 150.975, all P < 0.01), while only season for %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 (χ2 = 233.098, P < 0.001). In contrast to the significant decrease in C3-epi-25(OH)D3, %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 showed a significant increase in 8 out of 11 disease categories (z = 3.464 ~ 11.543, all Padj < 0.05). Similar opposite changes were also observed in most of the investigated 32 specific diseases. Moreover, an elevation in %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 was found to be significantly associated with 29 specific diseases both in univariate analysis (OR = 1.16 ~ 2.10, all P < 0.05) and after adjusting for gender, age, and season (OR = 1.15 ~ 1.50, all P < 0.05). However, after further adjustment for 25(OH)D3 levels, the association remained significant only for 15 specific diseases (OR = 1.11 ~ 1.50, all P < 0.05). Seasonal stratification analysis further supports the consistent association of %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 with disease across all or nearly all four seasons. In conclusion, %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 may better reflect the production of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 in disease conditions, thereby offering a more applicable approach to investigate its association with diseases. However, the interpretation of this relationship may be confounded by 25(OH)D3 as a potential covariate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
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