Molecular modelling assisted design of napthalimide-dihydropyrimidinone conjugates as potential cytotoxic agents

Dihydropyrimidinones as potent anticancer agents: Insight into the structure-activity relationship

Cancer is a serious disease that has been around for a long time but currently has no sustainable solution. Several medications currently available offer an opportunity for the manifestation of cancer treatment; however, the "search for better" has led to the development and study of a variety of new scaffolds. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) are a privileged scaffold, prominent for their versatile range of biological activities. In recent years, the anticancer potential of these unsaturated pyrimidine ring systems has been traversed, along with their synthesis methods and the interlinked mechanisms leading to the anticancer activity. This review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of DHPMs as potential anticancer agents. This study is a short review of their synthesis, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) that are answerable for the anticancer activity of DHPMs and have been thoroughly researched and assessed.

Synthesis of indole-based oxadiazoles and their interaction with bacterial peptidoglycan and SARS-CoV-2 main protease: In vitro, molecular docking and in silico ADME/Tox study

In the present study, Indole-based-oxadiazole (1A-17A) compounds were successfully synthesized. The structures of all synthesized compounds were fully characterized by different sophisticated spectroscopic techniques such 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HREI-MS. Further, the synthesized compounds were explored to investigate their broad-spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The compounds possessed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity having MIC values of values 1–8 mg/ml against the tested microorganisms. Compound A6 and A7 shows maximum antibacterial activity against MDR-PA, whereas A6, A7 and A11 shows highest activity against MRSA. Furthermore, antibiofilm assay shows that A6, A7 and A11 showed maximum inhibition of biofilm formation and it was found that at 4 mg/ml; A6, A7 and A11 inhibit MRSA biofilm formation by 81.1, 77.5 and 75.9%, respectively; whereas in case of P. aeruginosa; A6 and A7 showed maximum biofilm inhibition and inhibit biofilm formation by 81.5 and 73.7%, respectively. Molecular docking study showed that compounds A6, A7, A8, A10, and A11 had high binding affinity to bacterial peptidoglycan, indicating their potential inhibitory activity against tested bacteria, whereas A6 and A11 were found to be the most effective inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro), with a binding affinity of − 7.78 kcal/mol. Furthermore, SwissADME and pkCSM-pharmacokinetics online tools was applied to calculate the ADME/Tox profile of the synthesized compounds and the toxicity of these chemicals was found to be low. The Lipinski, Veber, Ghose, and Consensus LogP criteria were also used to predict drug-likeness levels of the compounds. Our findings imply that the synthesized compounds could be a useful for the preventing and treating biofilm-related microbial infection as well as SARS-CoV2 infections.