1
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Sarbast S, Mohamad JB. Study of Lipid-Modifying Therapy Use and Risk Factor Management in Patients With Dyslipidemia in Duhok City/Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Cureus 2024; 16:e53849. [PMID: 38465113 PMCID: PMC10924617 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of mortality globally, according to the World Health Organization. Research from the Middle East indicates that cardiovascular disease-related deaths in the region are among the highest worldwide. Multiple risk factors contribute to ASCVD. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), often associated with hyperlipidemia, plays a pivotal role. The reduction of LDL cholesterol through statins has been extensively studied over the years and has demonstrated a significant decrease in rates of cardiovascular disease, particularly in high- and very high-risk groups. Study design This cross-sectional study enrolled 503 adult patients undergoing lipid-lowering therapy for primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD at the Azadi General & Teaching Hospital in Duhok City, Iraq. Data were collected from January 2, 2023, to October 31, 2023. The sample size was carefully determined to ensure a precise estimation of the primary outcome measure. Results Of the 503 patients aged 21-89 years, 315 (62.2%) were women. Among the 145 (28.8%) with ASCVD, 127 (87.5%) had coronary artery disease. Only 150 (29.8%) were on a high-intensity statin, compared to 293 (58.25%) on a moderate-intensity statin. In total, 155 (30.8%) attained LDL-C control (p<0.0001). Among the 207 with very high cardiovascular disease risk, only 10 (4.83%) achieved an LDL-C level below 55 mg/dl. Conclusion This study revealed inadequate management of LDL-C levels across various participant categories, particularly those classified as having high cardiovascular disease risk. Control of other risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) was overall very poor. Most participants were overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipan Sarbast
- Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Jamal B Mohamad
- Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
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2
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Hashmi S, Shah PW, Aherrahrou Z, Aikawa E, Aherrahrou R. Beyond the Basics: Unraveling the Complexity of Coronary Artery Calcification. Cells 2023; 12:2822. [PMID: 38132141 PMCID: PMC10742130 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is mainly associated with coronary atherosclerosis, which is an indicator of coronary artery disease (CAD). CAC refers to the accumulation of calcium phosphate deposits, classified as micro- or macrocalcifications, that lead to the hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries. CAC is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and sudden death. Our narrative review focuses on the pathophysiology of CAC, exploring its link to plaque vulnerability, genetic factors, and how race and sex can affect the condition. We also examined the connection between the gut microbiome and CAC, and the impact of genetic variants on the cellular processes involved in vascular calcification and atherogenesis. We aimed to thoroughly analyze the existing literature to improve our understanding of CAC and its potential clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satwat Hashmi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Pashmina Wiqar Shah
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.W.S.); (Z.A.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.W.S.); (Z.A.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Rédouane Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.W.S.); (Z.A.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Adam T, Al Sharif AI, Alamri TSM, Al-Nashri RAO, Alluwimi AIM, Samkri AY, Alharthi MA, Moafa AY, Alsaadi NA, Alraimi AMS, Alquzi RHM. The State of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia: Barriers, Facilitators, and Policy Implications. Cureus 2023; 15:e48279. [PMID: 38058323 PMCID: PMC10695855 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a critical public health issue in Saudi Arabia, where it is the leading cause of death. The economic burden of CVD in the country is expected to triple by 2035, reaching $9.8 billion. This paper provides an overview of CVD in Saudi Arabia and its risk factors, impact on healthcare, and effects on patients' quality of life. The review emphasizes the potential of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs in addressing the CVD epidemic. CR programs have been shown to reduce morbidity, mortality, and hospital readmissions while improving patients' cardiovascular health and overall well-being. However, these programs are underutilized and inaccessible in Saudi Arabia. The paper highlights the urgent need for CR programs in the country and suggests key strategies for implementation. These include increasing patient referrals, tailoring programs to individual needs, enhancing patient education, and making CR accessible through home-based options. Fostering multidisciplinary collaboration and developing tailored guidelines for Arab countries can further enhance the impact of CR programs. In conclusion, this review underscores the vital importance of comprehensive CR programs in Saudi Arabia to combat the rising CVD burden, improve patient quality of life, and align with the goals of the Saudi 2030 Vision for a healthier society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Adam
- Medical Affairs, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdullah I Al Sharif
- Healthcare Planning and Development, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Rawan Ahmad O Al-Nashri
- General Practice, Primary Healthcare Center, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Aseer, SAU
| | | | - Amani Yosef Samkri
- General Practice, Al Aziziah Primary Health Care Center, Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU
| | | | | | - Nawaf A Alsaadi
- Medical Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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4
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Karimi R, Zarepur E, Khosravi A, Mohammadifard N, Nouhi F, Alikhasi H, Nasirian S, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Moezi Bady SA, Parisa Janjani, Solati K, Lotfizadeh M, Ghaffari S, Javanmardi E, Gholipour M, Mostafa Dehghani, Cheraghi M, Assareh A, Haybar H, Namayandeh SM, Reza Madadi, Kojuri J, Mansourian M, Sarrafzadegan N. Ethnicity based differences in statin use and hypercholesterolemia control among patients with premature coronary artery disease-results of I-PAD study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2023; 16:200168. [PMID: 36874039 PMCID: PMC9975244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Statins use is the most important treatment for high LDL cholesterol in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous reports have shown racial and gender differences in statin use in the general population, but this wasn't studied in premature CAD based on different ethnicities. Methods and results Our study includes 1917 men and women with confirmed diagnosis of premature CAD. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the high LDL cholesterol control in the groups and the OR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported as the effect size. After adjustment for confounders, the odds of controlling LDL in women taking Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin were 0.27 (0.03, 0.45) lower in comparison with men. Also, in participant who took 3 types of statins, the odds of controlling LDL were significantly different between Lor and Arab compared with Fars ethnicity. After adjustment to all confounders (full model), the odds of controlling LDL were lower for Gilak in Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin by 0.64 (0.47, 0.75); 0.61 (0.43, 0.73); 0.63 (0.46, 0.74) respectively and higher for Arab in Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin by 4.63 (18.28, 0.73); 4.67 (17.47, 0.74); 4.55 (17.03, 0.71) respectively compared to Fars. Conclusions Major differences in different gender and ethnicities may have had led to disparities in statin use and LDL control. Awareness of the statins impact on high LDL cholesterol based on different ethnicities can help health decision-makers to close the observed gaps in statin use and control LDL to prevent CAD problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Karimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cardiology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Khosravi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereidoon Nouhi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Hasan Alikhasi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Nasirian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Moezi Bady
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Parisa Janjani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamal Solati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Social determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Elmira Javanmardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Maraghe University of Medical Sciences, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Gholipour
- Department of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Assareh
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Madadi
- Associate Perofessor of Cardiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Javad Kojuri
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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5
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Hussein G, Albashari MS, Alarfaj HM, Houdane A, Wagley Z, Alsaleh AA, Alendijani YA. Assessment of the Effective Management of Patients With Severe Primary Hypercholesterolemia Under Care in Family Medicine Clinics at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e30701. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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6
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Mohammed Alkreathy H, Mohammed Eid Alsayyid K, Alaama JY, Al Ghalayini K, Karim S, Esmat A, Damanhouri ZA. Bisoprolol responses (PK/PD) in hypertensive patients: A cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 targeted polymorphism study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2727-2732. [PMID: 32994732 PMCID: PMC7499297 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisoprolol is an effective β1-adrenergic blocker, an inter-individual genetic variability was recorded in its response. This study aimed at investigating the association of CYP2D6*2A (rs1080985) and CYP2D6*10 (rs1065852) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with Bisoprolol response in cardiac patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the study, 107 patients were enrolled. Five mL of venous blood was collected from each patient and genotyping for CYP2D6*2A and CYP2D6*10 using Vivid® CYP2D6 Green Screening Kit (Life Technologies, USA). Response to Bisoprolol was evaluated through assessment of diastolic and systolic blood pressure and by measuring Bisoprolol plasma level using triple quad mass spectrometer (TQ-MS). RESULTS All patients were found to carry homozygous wild type CYP2D6*10 (GG) and none were carrying heterozygous (GA) or mutant homozygous (AA) genotype. CYP2D6*2A allele was detected in the homozygous wild type (GG) in 70 out of 107 patients, the heterozygous (GC) in 19 patients, and the homozygous mutant (CC) in 18 patients with minor allele frequency (MAF) of 25.7%. The plasma concentrations of Bisoprolol in CC carriers were significantly lower than those in GG & CC carriers by 25%, and 51%; respectively. Higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also observed in CC carriers than GG and CC carriers. CONCLUSION There is a possible association of CYP2D6*2A genotype with plasma concentration of bisoprolol. This could provide a helpful tool to choose the optimum dose for bisoprolol, depending on the patient's genotyping, in order to increase effectiveness and ameliorate its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jumana Y. Alaama
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Al Ghalayini
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Zoheir A. Damanhouri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Martinez TLDR. Mudanças em Nossos Tempos e nas Metas de Colesterol. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 115:450-451. [PMID: 33027366 PMCID: PMC9363088 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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8
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Liu Y, Lv X, Xie N, Fang Z, Ren W, Gong Y, Jin Y, Zhang J. Time trends analysis of statin prescription prevalence, therapy initiation, dose intensity, and utilization from the hospital information system of Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai (2012-2018). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:201. [PMID: 32334525 PMCID: PMC7183656 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin remains a mainstay in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Statin utilization has evolved over time in many countries, but data on this topic from China are quite limited. This study aimed to investigate the changing trends of statins prescription, as well as detail the statin utilization through a successive longitudinal study. METHODS The prescription database was established based on electronic health records retrieved from the hospital information system of Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2018 in Shanghai, China. The prescription rates and proportions of different statin types and doses among all patients were examined. Sub-analyses were performed when stratifying the patients by age, gender, dose intensity, and preventative intervention. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 51,083 patients, who were prescribed for statins, were included in this study (mean [SD] age, 59.78 [±13.16] years; 53.60% male, n = 27, 378). The overall statins prescription rate in which patients increased from 2012 (1.24, 95% CI: 1.21-1.27%) to 2018 (3.16, 95% CI: 3.11-3.20%), P < 0.001. Over 90% of patients were given a moderate dose of statins. Patients with a history of coronary and cerebrovascular events (over 32%) were more likely to be prescribed with statins for preventative intervention. Furthermore, our study has witnessed a significant rise in statin therapy in primary and secondary prevention. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, statins were frequently prescribed and steadily increased over time in our study period. There were also changes in statin drug choices and dosages. A coordinated effort among the patient, clinical pharmacist, stakeholders and health system is still needed to improve statin utilization in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Xiaoqun Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799 China
| | - Zhonghong Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Weifang Ren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Yan Jin
- Shihua Community Health Service Center, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 200540 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508 China
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9
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Alameddine R, Seifeddine S, Ishak H, Antoun J. Improving statin prescription through the involvement of nurses in the provision of ASCVD score: a quality improvement initiative in primary care. Postgrad Med 2020; 132:479-484. [PMID: 32276565 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1755146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compares two methods of providing CVD risk score on the percentage of appropriate statin therapy for primary prevention of CVD in family medicine clinics, according to the American Heart Association guidelines. METHODS Participants were non-diabetic patients aged 40 to 75 with a recently ordered low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, not on statin therapy and free of CVD. The first intervention is passive with a display of the score on the EMR in the vital signs section and lasted for three months. The second intervention is collaborative where the nurses calculate the risk score and displayed it to the physician along with therapy recommendations. Electronic health records were reviewed to randomly select medical charts of eligible patients. RESULTS 162 charts were randomly selected out of 547 eligible charts and included in the analysis, including 60 charts for the baseline group. Among moderate-risk patients, the percentage of appropriate statin initiation was 0% at baseline and after intervention 1; yet it increased to (33.3% [7.5-70.1, 95% CI]) after intervention 2. Among high risk patients, percentage of appropriate statin initiation was 9.1% [0.1-41.3, 95% CI], 11.1% [1.4, 34.7, 95% CI] and 28.6% [8.4, 58.1, 95% CI] during baseline, intervention 1 and intervention 2, respectively. CONCLUSION The provision of the CVD risk score alone as clinical decision support is not enough to improve statin initiation for primary prevention. The nurse collaboration can improve guideline-concordant statin initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Alameddine
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suzan Seifeddine
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Ishak
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jumana Antoun
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Reddy JM, Raut NGR, Seifert JL, Hynds DL. Regulation of Small GTPase Prenylation in the Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2220-2231. [PMID: 31989383 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonate pathway inhibitors have been extensively studied for their roles in cholesterol depletion and for inhibiting the prenylation and activation of various proteins. Inhibition of protein prenylation has potential therapeutic uses against neurological disorders, like neural cancers, neurodegeneration, and neurotramatic lesions. Protection against neurodegeneration and promotion of neuronal regeneration is regulated in large part by Ras superfamily small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), particularly the Ras, Rho, and Rab subfamilies. These proteins are prenylated to target them to cellular membranes. Prenylation can be specifically inhibited through altering the function of enzymes of the mevalonate pathway necessary for isoprenoid production and attachment to target proteins to elicit a variety of effects on neural cells. However, this approach does not address how prenylation affects a specific protein. This review focuses on the regulation of small GTPase prenylation, the different techniques to inhibit prenylation, and how this inhibition has affected neural cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - DiAnna L Hynds
- Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
- Woodcock Institute for the Advancement of Neurocognitive Research and Applied Practice, Texas Woman's University, PO Box 4525799, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
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11
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hypolipidemic compounds based on BRD4 inhibitor RVX-208. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2168-2172. [PMID: 31257080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a new therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this study, we introduced the pharmacophore of fibrates to a BRD4 inhibitor, RVX-208, to design dual-active hypolipidemic compounds, and found that some of new analogues showed favorable hypolipidemic activities. Synthetic accessibility towards this class of compounds optimized RVX-208 as well as would supply more thoughts on hypolipidemic drugs.
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12
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Alkhaldy AA, Alamri RS, Magadmi RK, Elshini NY, Hussein RAEH, Alghalayini KW. Dietary Adherence of Saudi Males to the Saudi Dietary Guidelines and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Diseases: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6020017. [PMID: 30987347 PMCID: PMC6617310 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health problem in Saudi Arabia. Dietary intake plays a major role in CVD incidence; however, the dietary intake status in Saudi nationals with CVD is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the dietary patterns of Saudi males, using the Saudi dietary guidelines adherence score, in parallel with the measurement of a selective number of cardiovascular disease-related biomarkers, are contributing factors to CVD risk. Demographics, dietary adherence score, and blood biomarker levels were collected for 40 CVD patients and forty non-CVD patients. Fasting blood glucose (p = 0.006) and high-density lipoprotein levels (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in CVD patients. The adherence score to the Saudi dietary guidelines was not significantly different between the CVD and non-CVD patients; however, the specific adherence scores of fruit (p = 0.02), olive oil (p = 0.01), and non-alcoholic beer (p = 0.02) were significantly higher in the non-CVD patients. The differences in CVD family history (p = 0.02) and adherence scores to specific groups/foods between the CVD and non-CVD patients may contribute to CVD risk in Saudi males. However, as the sample size of this study was small, further research is required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Ali Alkhaldy
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Saleh Alamri
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rozana Khalid Magadmi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nrvana Yasser Elshini
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rania Abd El Hamid Hussein
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Internal Medicine Department, Gamal Abd El Nasser Hospital, Health Insurance Authority, Alexandria 21516, Egypt.
| | - Kamal Waheeb Alghalayini
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin vs. atorvastatin in lowering LDL cholesterol : A meta-analysis of trials with East Asian populations. Herz 2018; 45:594-602. [PMID: 30483816 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-018-4767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VOYAGER meta-analysis reported on the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effect of commonly used statins in Caucasian subjects. As there is limited literature available on the efficacy of statins in Asian populations, the current meta-analysis compared the effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on LDL-C levels in an East Asian population. METHODS The MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing lipid-lowering effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in an East Asian population. Data on the study design, participant characteristics, and outcomes were extracted. Odds ratios (OR), weighted mean differences (WMD), or standardized mean differences were calculated using the random-effects model. RESULTS The meta-analysis comprised 16 randomized controlled trials with 5930 participants. Compared with atorvastatin, patients treated with rosuvastatin had a significant reduction in LDL-C: WMD = -7.15 mg/dl (95% confidence intervals [CI]: -10.71--3.60) mg/dl, p < 0.0001. Meta-regression analyses revealed no significant association between the superior benefits of rosuvastatin and other variables including age, sex, baseline LDL-C level, and follow-up duration. Additionally, the rosuvastatin group of patients, who were treated with half the dose of atorvastatin, achieved a significantly greater reduction in LDL-C levels (WMD = -3.57; 95% CI: -5.40--1.74 mg/dl, p < 0.001). Both rosuvastatin and atorvastatin were well tolerated, with similar incidences of adverse events. CONCLUSION Similar to the VOYAGER meta-analysis, which reported a greater efficacy of rosuvastatin in comparison with atorvastatin and simvastatin in Caucasian patients, we found that the efficacy of rosuvastatin was superior to atorvastatin in East Asian patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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14
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Alshamiri M, Ghanaim MMA, Barter P, Chang KC, Li JJ, Matawaran BJ, Santoso A, Shaheen S, Suastika K, Thongtang N, Yusof AK. Expert opinion on the applicability of dyslipidemia guidelines in Asia and the Middle East. Int J Gen Med 2018; 11:313-322. [PMID: 30050317 PMCID: PMC6055898 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s160555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a growing burden across the world. In Asia and the Middle East, in particular, CVD is among the most prevalent and debilitating diseases. Dyslipidemia is an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular events, and so effective management strategies are critical to reducing overall cardiovascular risk. Multiple dyslipidemia guidelines have been developed by international bodies such as the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, which all have similarities in practice recommendations for the optimal management of dyslipidemia. However, they differ in certain aspects including pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modification and the target levels used for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The evidence behind these guidelines is generally based on data from Western populations, and their applicability to people in Asia and the Middle East is largely untested. As a result, practitioners within Asia and the Middle East continue to rely on international evidence despite population differences in lipid phenotypes and CVD risk factors. An expert panel was convened to review the international guidelines commonly used in Asia and the Middle East and determine their applicability to clinical practice in the region, with specific recommendations, or considerations, provided where current guideline recommendations differ from local practice. Herein, we describe the heterogeneous approaches and application of current guidelines used to manage dyslipidemia in Asia and the Middle East. We provide consensus management recommendations to cover different patient scenarios, including primary prevention, elderly, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, documented CVD, acute coronary syndromes and family history of ischemic heart disease. Moreover, we advocate for countries within the Asian and Middle East regions to continue to develop guidelines that are appropriate for the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Alshamiri
- Cardiac Science Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
| | | | - Philip Barter
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Center for Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bien J Matawaran
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Anwar Santoso
- Department of Cardiology - Vascular Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Centre, Harapan Kita Hospital, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Sameh Shaheen
- Department of Cardiology, Ain Shams University School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ketut Suastika
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Nuntakorn Thongtang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ahmad Km Yusof
- Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Vasheghani Farahani A, Salamzadeh J, Rasekh HR, Najafi S, Mosadegh V. The Availability and Affordability of Cardiovascular Medicines for Secondary Prevention in Tehran Province (Iran). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:64-72. [PMID: 29796030 PMCID: PMC5958325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Availability and affordability of medicines are crucial to achieving success in prevention programs, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the availability and affordability of cardiovascular medicines for secondary prevention in Tehran province of Iran. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tehran province in 2015, using the 2nd edition of the World Health Organization/Health Action International methodology. Data on the availability and affordability of 21 selected cardiovascular medicines were collected from the public and private healthcare sectors. A total of 120 facilities were included in the survey and the medicines in this survey were both original and lowest-price generic. Lowest-price generic equivalent medicines were highly available (> 80%) in almost all pharmacies of both public and private sectors, while the availability of original brand medicines was highly poor in public and private pharmacies. The median price ratios were 0.72 to 0.76 for generic medicines. The treatment of cardiovascular diseases with lowest-price generic equivalent medicines was generally affordable; moreover, less than a single day's wage was adequate to purchase a monthꞌs supply of the lowest priced generic of the surveyed medicines. The availability of the selected generic medicines for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases is high in both public and private sectors and they were affordable for low-paid unskilled government workers in the province. The result of this study demonstrates that the supply policies pertaining to generic medicines have been implemented successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vasheghani Farahani
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
| | - Jamshid Salamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Hamid Reza Rasekh
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
| | - Sheyda Najafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, El-Bahrawy HA, Al-Tantawy SM. Chemopreventive effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin in rats with bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692254. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer remains a huge concern for the medical community because of its incidence and prevalence rates, as well as high percentage of recurrence and progression. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin proved anti-inflammatory effects through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mechanism. However, their chemopreventive effect still remained to be examined and clarified. In this study, bladder cancer was induced in rats by the chemical carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid: 2:3 w/w; 1200 mg/kg) and/or atorvastatin (6 mg/kg) were given orally daily to rats for eight consecutive weeks concomitantly with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine and continued for further 4 weeks after cessation of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine administration. The histopathological examination of rat bladder revealed the presence of tumors and the absence of apoptotic bodies in sections from N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine group, while tumors were absent and apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in sections from rat groups treated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, atorvastatin, or both drugs. The study of the molecular mechanisms illustrated downregulation of COX-2 and P53 (mutant) genes and suppression of transforming growth factor beta-1 and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in serum of rats of the three treated groups. This chemopreventive effect was confirmed by and associated with lower level of bladder tumor antigen in urine. However, the combined treatment with both drugs exhibited the major protective effect and nearly corrected the dyslipidemia that has been induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Collectively, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin, besides having anti-inflammatory properties, proved a chemopreventive effect against bladder cancer, which nominates them to be used as adjuvant therapy with other chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman G Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A El-Bahrawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samar M Al-Tantawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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17
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Al-Mohaissen MA, Ignaszewski MJ, Frohlich J, Ignaszewski AP. Statin-Associated Muscle Adverse Events: Update for clinicians. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2016; 16:e406-e415. [PMID: 28003885 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.16.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are potent medications which reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Their efficacy in cardiovascular risk reduction is well established and indications for their use are expanding. While statins are generally well tolerated and safe, adverse events are relatively common, particularly statin-associated muscle adverse events (SaMAEs), which are the most frequently encountered type of adverse event. Recent guidelines and guideline updates on SaMAEs and statin intolerance have included revised definitions of SaMAEs, incorporating new evidence on their pathogenesis and management. As SaMAEs emerge as a therapeutic challenge, it is important for physicians to be aware of updates on management strategies to ensure better patient outcomes. The majority of patients who are considered statin-intolerant can nevertheless tolerate some forms of statin therapy and successfully achieve optimal LDL-C levels. This review article discusses the recent classification of SaMAEs with emphasis on pathogenesis and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Al-Mohaissen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martha J Ignaszewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiri Frohlich
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew P Ignaszewski
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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18
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Bulut C, Helvaci A, Adas M, Ozsoy N, Bayyigit A. The relationship between left ventricular mass and insulin resistance in obese patients. Indian Heart J 2016; 68:507-12. [PMID: 27543473 PMCID: PMC4990728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we investigated the relationship between left ventricular mass and insulin resistance in obese patients. Methods A total of 90 subjects, 66 women, and 24 men, with an age range from 24 to 56 years, were enrolled in the study. Forty-nine patients were in the obesity group whose body mass index (BMI) was >29.9 kg/m2 and 41 subjects were in the control group with a BMI <25 kg/m2. All of them were normotensive, nondiabetic, and did not have any cardiovascular disease. They were not taking any medication. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured and BMI was calculated. Plasma glucose, insulin, serum total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured, and insulin resistance was calculated via homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Subjects were examined by echocardiography and left ventricular mass (LVM) and index (LVMI) were calculated with Devereux formula. Results Insulin levels, HOMA-IR, LVM, and LVMI were significantly higher in obesity group (p < 0.01). Fasting glucose, triglyceride, fasting insulin levels, and waist circumference did not correlate with LVMI. Conclusion In conclusion, though findings of the present study suggest increased left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in obese subjects compared to controls, it appears that the increased LVM or LVH is not linked to BMI and insulin resistance in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Bulut
- 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen Helvaci
- 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Adas
- 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Ozsoy
- 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akif Bayyigit
- 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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19
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He Y, Yang J, Li H, Shao H, Wei C, Wang Y, Li M, Xu C. Exogenous spermine ameliorates high glucose-induced cardiomyocytic apoptosis via decreasing reactive oxygen species accumulation through inhibiting p38/JNK and JAK2 pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15537-15549. [PMID: 26884823 PMCID: PMC4730036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has been suggested to play a vital role in the initiation and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Recent studies reveal that spermine possesses proliferative, antiaging and antioxidative properties. Thus, we hypothesized that spermine could decrease apoptosis via suppressing ROS accumulation induced by high glucose (HG) in cardiomyocytes. Cultured neonatal rat ventricle cardiomyocytes were treated with normal glucose (NG) (5 mM) or HG (25 mM) in the presence or absence of spermine for 48 h. The cell activity, apoptosis, ROS production, T-SOD and GSH activities, MDA content and GSSG level were assessed. The results showed that HG induced lipid peroxidation and the increase of intracellular ROS formation and apoptosis in primary cardiomyocytes. Spermine could obviously improve the above-mentioned changes. Western blot analysis revealed that spermine markedly inhibited HG-induced the phosphorylation of p38/JNK MAPKs and JAK2. Moreover, spermine had better antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects than N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Taken together, the present data suggested that spermine could suppress ROS accumulation to decrease cardiomyocytes apoptosis in HG condition, which may be attributed to the inhibition of p38/JNK and JAK2 activation and its natural antioxidative property. Our findings may highlight a new therapeutic intervention for the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of EducationHarbin 150081, China
| | - Jinxia Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of EducationHarbin 150081, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of EducationHarbin 150081, China
| | - Hongjiang Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of EducationHarbin 150081, China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of EducationHarbin 150081, China
| | - Meixiu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of EducationHarbin 150081, China
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