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Saad EA, Mukherjee T, Gandour G, Fatayerji N, Rammal A, Samuel P, Abdallah N, Ashok T. Cardiac myxomas: causes, presentations, diagnosis, and management. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:677-688. [PMID: 37737916 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myxomas (CM) are one of the most common benign tumors which are typical in adults with a yearly incidence of 0.5-1 case per million individuals. This review article includes discussions based on existing literature on the role of interleukin interactions in the pathophysiology of cardiac myxoma which can lead to embolic complications, aneurysms, and CNS involvement. The objective of this narrative review was to study the variable clinical presentations of cardiac myxoma, its detection and diagnosis involving multiple modalities like genetic and hematological testing, echocardiography, CT, and MRI, of which transoesophageal echocardiogram shows excellent precision with a 90% to 96% accuracy in diagnosing CM. Individuals with the Carney complex are prone to such neoplasia. Cardiac myxomas are challenging to diagnose due to the ambiguity of their differential with thrombi. Myxomas can also be diagnosed by tumor markers like interleukin-6 and endothelial growth factors. The management of CM includes surgical excision like median sternotomy and robotic minimally invasive surgery. The use of robotic surgery in CM increased from 1.8% in 2012 to 15.1% in 2018. Tumor recurrences are uncommon but can occur due to inadequate surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Assaad Saad
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, Lebanon
| | - Tishya Mukherjee
- Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Georges Gandour
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, Lebanon
| | - Nora Fatayerji
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aya Rammal
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Peter Samuel
- International Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Nicolas Abdallah
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, Lebanon
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Chachar TS, Yousif N, Noor HA, Makwana D, Alkhayat MK, Tareif H, Arekat ZR, Amin H. Epidemiology of Cardiac Myxoma in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Cureus 2024; 16:e55704. [PMID: 38586738 PMCID: PMC10998261 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac myxomas (CM) are the most prevalent type of primary cardiac tumour. The majority of primary cardiac tumours, including CM, are found to be benign. In the context of this study, the objective was to investigate and analyse the experience of CM over a period of 10 years, specifically in Bahrain. By examining this particular subset of cardiac tumours, valuable insights can be gained regarding their prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment approaches, and outcomes in the Bahraini population. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 20 patients who presented with CM at the Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre in the Kingdom of Bahrain from January 2010 to January 2021. All patients had transthoracic echocardiography to establish a preoperative diagnosis. All of the patients underwent an operation using the median sternotomy, and a histopathology examination confirmed the final diagnosis. RESULTS The mean age at the time of presentation was 57 (± 18.1) years, ranging from 17 to 80 years, and 55% (12 patients) were female. Dyspnea (n=8, 40%) and peripheral embolism (n=4, 20%), which include cerebrovascular accidents and acute monocular vision loss, were the most frequently observed symptoms. The largest diameter of the myxoma was 5.1 cm (±1.7). The left atrium was the predominant location for myxoma formation (n=16, 80%), with the majority of the myxomas attached to the atrial septum. CONCLUSION CM poses a significant risk of cardiac and systemic complications. Early detection and timely gross-complete resection result in excellent early and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique S Chachar
- Cardiology, Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Awali, BHR
| | - Nooraldaem Yousif
- Interventional Cardiology, Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Awali, BHR
| | - Husam A Noor
- Interventional Cardiology, Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Awali, BHR
| | - Dayaram Makwana
- Cardiology, Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Awali, BHR
| | - Mohamed K Alkhayat
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Awali, BHR
| | - Habib Tareif
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Awali, BHR
| | - Zaid R Arekat
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Awali, BHR
| | - Haitham Amin
- Interventional Cardiology, Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Awali, BHR
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3
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Asif M, Yousuf MH, Farooqui US, Nashwan AJ, Ullah I. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240897. [PMID: 38463529 PMCID: PMC10921438 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Clinicians must know cutaneous signs of cardiovascular disease, including petechiae, macules, purpura, lentigines, and rashes. Although cutaneous manifestations of diseases like infectious endocarditis and acute rheumatic fever are well established, there is an indispensable need to evaluate other important cardiovascular diseases accompanied by cutaneous signs. Moreover, discussing the latest management strategies in this regard is equally imperative. This review discusses distinctive skin findings that help narrow the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and recommendations on appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marium Asif
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Maldonado-Suarez J, Del Rio Santiago V, Molina-Lopez VH. Large Right Atrial Myxoma: A Rare Presentation. Cureus 2024; 16:e54265. [PMID: 38496107 PMCID: PMC10944363 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 74-year-old female with a large right atrial myxoma who initially presented to her primary care physician with nonspecific constitutional and abdominal symptoms. Her presenting symptoms were initially thought to originate from her gastrointestinal tract, but her workup for a gastrointestinal disorder was nondiagnostic. It was not until this patient developed symptoms of overt right heart failure that a cardiac condition was suspected. Our case highlights the importance of understanding the potential of cardiac myxomas to mimic many diseases, including cardiac, infective, neurologic, immunologic, pulmonary, and malignant diseases. Therefore, clinicians must always maintain a high index of suspicion for cardiac myxomas when evaluating patients with cardiac and non-cardiac-related symptoms that may be due to these tumors.
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Billones AR, Imperial CR, Gutierrez-Cayetano M. Embolism from a left ventricular myxoma presenting with acute limb ischaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e254934. [PMID: 38050388 PMCID: PMC10693896 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-254934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) secondary to cardiac myxoma is uncommon. Embolic myxoma should be considered a differential diagnosis in young patients with ALI who do not have apparent cardiovascular risk factors. A multidisciplinary approach and comprehensive care can improve outcomes and optimise the collaborative treatment of ALI. Early referral to a hospital that can provide specialised treatment for ALI helps prevent significant tissue loss and surgical complications, such as amputation.A man in his 20s presented with bilateral ALI of both lower extremities, and an arterial duplex scan revealed a thrombus occluding all arterial segments of the bilateral lower extremities. An intracardiac mass adherent to the apical and anterior interventricular septum on two-dimensional echocardiography suggested a complex myxoma. The patient was diagnosed with ALI Rutherford category III, and bilateral hip disarticulation was performed. The patient was discharged with an anticoagulant.
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Qureshi MA, Ahmad RU, Ashraf MF, Daim SUR, Tareen HK, Fattah HA. Diagnosing the culprit behind a subtle case of concomitant right atrial myxoma and atrial fibrillation: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:3475-3478. [PMID: 37554666 PMCID: PMC10405154 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxomas are rare tumors arising from the uncontrolled proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Among cardiac conditions, cardiac myxomas account for less than 0.1% of cases, with the majority found in the left atrium and only 8% in the right atrium. Atrial myxomas present with various clinical manifestations, including constitutional symptoms, symptoms caused by blood flow obstruction, and tumor embolism. This case report describes a 50-year-old male patient presenting with syncope, fatigue, and dyspnea, who had a history of well-controlled hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Physical examination, further diagnostic workup, and echocardiography led to a provisional diagnosis of right atrial myxoma. The patient underwent a median sternotomy, and the tumor was surgically excised, resulting in both diagnostic and curative outcomes. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. This case report contributes valuable insights into the presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment of atrial myxoma.
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Gomes Cochicho J, Silva JM, Louro R, Lavadinho I. An Incidental Myxoma Hidden in Chest Pain. Cureus 2023; 15:e45340. [PMID: 37849609 PMCID: PMC10577510 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chest pain is a very common symptom in an emergency context. Its differential diagnosis is extensive and includes some conditions that require immediate recognition and intervention. It can also be a symptom associated with rarer diagnostic possibilities. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department due to chest pain and initially diagnosed with non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large hyperechogenic round mass, suggestive of a left atrial cardiac myxoma. Coronary angiography showed no significant lesions. The patient underwent cardiac surgery with excision of the mass, whose histological diagnosis was atrial myxoma. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged asymptomatic and without echocardiographic changes. Cardiac tumors are a rare finding, of which myxomas are the most common. Symptoms can typically result from embolism, obstruction, or constitutional symptoms. A myxoma presenting as acute chest pain and mimicking an acute coronary syndrome is an uncommon finding. This case reminds us of an extremely rare differential diagnosis of chest pain and awakens us to the usefulness and importance of using echocardiography as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gomes Cochicho
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Doutor José Maria Grande, Portalegre, PRT
| | - José Miguel Silva
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Doutor José Maria Grande, Portalegre, PRT
| | - Rita Louro
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Doutor José Maria Grande, Portalegre, PRT
| | - Isabel Lavadinho
- Internal Medicine Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano, Portalegre, PRT
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Francesco B, Martina O, Maria Letizia C, Serena G, Cerinic Marco M. Seronegative enthesoarthritis as the first presentation of the atrial myxoma. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 4:167-170. [PMID: 37781684 PMCID: PMC10538594 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Atrial myxoma (AM) is the most common primary cardiac tumor. Its clinical presentation can be highly heterogeneous and can be characterized by many constitutional manifestations and development of rheumatologic symptoms.We report the case of a patient presenting with a seronegative arthritis characterized by articular and enthesis involvement and purpuric cutaneous lesions that was refractory to conventional treatments and that was later diag- nosed with an AM as first cause of the manifestations. AM can present with different symptoms; among them, it is able to cause some rheumatological manifestation as it is able to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). The present case is of particular interest as it presents an AM as the cause of an inflammatory arthropathy with articular and enthesis involvement. A paraneoplastic screening is always relevant in rheumatology, especially when encountering a refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonomi Francesco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134Florence, Italy
| | - Orlandi Martina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134Florence, Italy
| | - Conforti Maria Letizia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134Florence, Italy
| | - Guiducci Serena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134Florence, Italy
| | - Matucci Cerinic Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134Florence, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132Milan, Italy
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Golzarian H, Turnow M, Elston S, Kannan P, Chakraborty S, Widmer MB, Mughal S, Kohan S, Nguyen M, Sabik JF, Patel SM. A mysterious case of chest pain, dyspnea, and palpitations in a healthy young female: Citalopram or robotic minithoracotomy? JTCVS Tech 2023; 20:123-126. [PMID: 37555039 PMCID: PMC10405183 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Golzarian
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Morgan Turnow
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Sidney Elston
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Pavithra Kannan
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Shudipan Chakraborty
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Vincent's Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Michael B. Widmer
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Sulayman Mughal
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Salar Kohan
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
| | - Joseph F. Sabik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sandeep M. Patel
- Structural Heart and Intervention Center, Mercy Health–St Rita's Medical Center, Lima, Ohio
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10
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Hao M, Wang L, Ma D, Guo W. Case Report: Atrial myxoma combined with hyperthyroidism in an adolescent with literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1158385. [PMID: 37197433 PMCID: PMC10183597 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1158385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common primary cardiac tumors in adults are atrial myxomas, with adolescent-onset being uncommon. In this case report, a 15-year-old female was hospitalized with cerebrovascular embolism and later diagnosed with a left atrial myxoma. She had previously shown signs of distal vascular micro thrombosis, including recurring bilateral lower extremity rash, which are crucial for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of atrial mucinous neoplasm. We reviewed the various clinical symptoms and diagnostic approaches to identify left atrial mucinous neoplasm. This patient also had a combination of endocrine-related diseases. We reviewed the diagnostic approach for the Carney Complex (CNC) and discussed the role of thyroid disease in diagnosing CNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dashi Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Weiying Guo,
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Vongbunyong K, Sinfield S, Premyodhin N, Chen K, Zargarian E, Ng A, Kern M. Left atrial myxoma: an unusual cause of pre-syncope and symptomatic bradycardia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:576. [PMID: 36585613 PMCID: PMC9801664 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-03018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial myxomas account for approximately 50% of all primary cardiac tumors. The size, location, risk of embolic event, and involvement of other cardiac structures, are all factors that contribute to the wide range of presentation for cardiac myxomas. Patients with myxomas may remain asymptomatic, while others may report symptoms such as fatigue and fever, dyspnea, and syncope. It is important to recognize arrhythmias as an uncommon symptom of myxomas. CASE PRESENTATION We report a rare case of a 67-year-old man who presented with pre-syncopal episodes, symptomatic bradycardia, and night sweats found to have a 5.5 × 5.1 × 3 cm myxoma in the left atrium. During diastole the mass caused dynamic flow obstruction across the mitral valve. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass given his symptomatology and risk of embolic events. Removal of the myxoma resulted in resolution of both pre-syncopal episodes and the patient's sinus bradycardia. CONCLUSION Atrial myxomas are a rare cause of pre-syncope and symptomatic bradycardia. It is important to have a clinical suspicion for atrial myxomas given early diagnosis and surgical intervention are key in improving the prognosis of these patients. This case also highlights the importance of taking into account the source of the myxoma's blood supply in relationship to other cardiac structures, and further correlating these findings with clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Vongbunyong
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 333 The City Blvd. West, Suite 400, Orange, CA 92868 USA
| | - Steven Sinfield
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 333 The City Blvd. West, Suite 400, Orange, CA 92868 USA
| | - Ned Premyodhin
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Emin Zargarian
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 333 The City Blvd. West, Suite 400, Orange, CA 92868 USA
| | - Angie Ng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs, Long Beach, USA
| | - Morton Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs, Long Beach, USA
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Javaid A, Khandait H, Ong CK. Left atrial myxoma with coronary artery disease. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e252905. [PMID: 36316054 PMCID: PMC9628531 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
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Salam H, Reddy MK, Ganaraja VH, V S, Kodapala S. Cardioembolic Stroke in Young: A Case of Atrial Myxoma Origin. Cureus 2022; 14:e27890. [PMID: 36110437 PMCID: PMC9464013 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability. It can be rarely caused by cardiac myxoma. Sometimes stroke may be its first clinical manifestation. Here we report a case of posterior circulation stroke in left atrial myxoma. A 45-year-old female patient presented with a history of recurrent episodes of dizziness and headache of three months duration. Neurological examination showed impaired tandem gait. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed infarction in the left posteroinferior cerebellar hemisphere. Echocardiography of the patient revealed a large left atrial mass suggestive of atrial myxoma and an ejection fraction of 60%. The patient was operated on for atrial myxoma two days after the diagnosis, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. Postoperatively she remained well and was managed on anti-platelet drugs. Atrial myxoma should be considered as a possible differential while evaluating a case of cardioembolic stroke, and echocardiography detects the presence of an atrial myxoma. It is also essential that atrial myxomas are managed early to prevent recurrent strokes.
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Robalo MM, Araújo IM, Domingues RM, Viana Pereira M, Esperança S. Heart Failure: From Typical Clinical Manifestations to the Surprising Final Diagnosis. Cureus 2022; 14:e26870. [PMID: 35978751 PMCID: PMC9375829 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report a case of an 80-year-old woman with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, with exuberant acute congestive heart failure at admission. Fever, anemia, and an increase in inflammatory parameters were present, with imaging suggesting a respiratory infection as the main reason for decompensation. Empirical antibiotic therapy was instituted, with no clinical improvement even after escalation to broad-spectrum antibiotics and non-invasive ventilation with high support pressures, with no possibility of weaning. Due to maintenance of symptoms, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, revealing a large left atrial myxoma, obstructing the mitral valve in diastole. This case illustrates the potential severity of these benign tumors and their ability to mimic symptoms that are often evaluated in the daily life of an internist. The high clinical suspicion led to a diagnosis that was surprising due to its rarity and severity, with the patient being urgently referred for cardiac surgery.
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Newell P, Zogg CK, Kusner J, Hirji S, Kerolos M, Kaneko T. National outcomes following benign cardiac tumor resection: A critical sex-based disparity. J Card Surg 2022; 37:2653-2660. [PMID: 35662249 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of benign primary cardiac tumors involves surgical resection, but reported outcomes from multi-institutional or national databases are scarce. This study examines contemporary national outcomes following surgical resection of benign primary atrial and ventricular tumors. METHODS The 2016-2018 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for all patients ≥18 years with a primary diagnosis of benign neoplasm of the heart who underwent resection of the atria, ventricles, or atrial/ventricular septum. Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality, readmission, and composite morbidity (defined as stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, bleeding complication, or acute kidney injury). Multivariable analysis was used to identify independent predictors of worse outcomes. RESULTS A weighted total of 2557 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 61 years, 67.9% were female, and patients had relatively low comorbidity burdens (mean Charlson Comorbidity Index 1.39). The majority of patients underwent excision of the left atrium (71.5%), followed by the intra-atrial septum (26.6%), right atrium (2.9%). There was no difference in 30-day mortality (2.1% vs. 1.3%, p = .550), 30-day readmission (7.0% vs. 9.1%, p = .222), or 30-day composite morbidity (56.8% vs. 53.8%, p = .369) between females and males, respectively. However, on multivariable analysis, female sex was independently associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 2.65, p = .028). Tumor location (atria, ventricles, septum) was not predictive of mortality. CONCLUSION Benign atrial and ventricular tumors are uncommon, but disproportionately impact female patients, with female sex being an independent predictor of 30-day mortality. Root-cause analysis is necessary to determine the ultimate cause of this disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Newell
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Surgery and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheryl K Zogg
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonathan Kusner
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sameer Hirji
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariam Kerolos
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Kaneko
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tsagkridi A, Keenan N, Keramida K, Anderson J. Massive atrial myxoma presenting with unexplained haemoptysis. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e245938. [PMID: 35487639 PMCID: PMC9058687 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myxomas are scarce and their clinical manifestations can often be misdiagnosed or confused with other medical conditions. However, early diagnosis and surgical resection can prevent devastating complications of myxomas.We herein describe a case of a huge left atrial myxoma of a female patient in her late 30s. What makes our case unique, apart from the massive size of the myxoma, is the unusual clinical presentation with incessant cough and haemoptysis for more than 6 months. The diagnosis was made by echocardiography and cardiac MR and successful surgical resection was performed with good long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Tsagkridi
- Cardiology, Watford General Hospital, Watford, UK
- Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Niall Keenan
- Cardiology, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, UK
| | - Kalliopi Keramida
- Cardiology, Agios Savvas General Cancer and Oncology Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jonathan Anderson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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17
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Liao Z, Huang W, Hu Q, Wang Z, Pan L, Zheng W. Chylothorax caused by left atrial myxoma: A rare case report. J Card Surg 2021; 36:4792-4795. [PMID: 34647368 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxoma is the most common tumor of the heart that can cause embolism, obstruction, and cardiac failure, but rarely causes chylothorax. We herein report a case of chylothorax caused by left atrial myxoma, which responded to diuretic therapy and was subsequently cured by resecting cardiac myxoma. CASE PRESENTATION This is a case of a 63-year-old male with symptoms of cardiac insufficiency who was diagnosed with a left atrial myxoma. The patient also had a massive pleural effusion on the right side, which was diagnosed as chylothorax by Sudan III staining and the content of triglyceride. The pleural effusion disappeared and the symptoms of heart failure were relieved after draining the effusion with a fine thoracic drainage tube, but pleural effusion and cardiac insufficiency symptoms relapsed soon. Although diuretic treatment can improve the symptoms and reduced the amount of chylous fluid preoperatively, the chylous pleural effusion was eventually cured by surgical removal of the tumor, and no recurrence of the tumor and chylothorax was found in the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Chylothorax is rare comorbidity of cardiac myxoma. Large myxoma can cause congestive heart failure and lead to disfunction of chylous reflux, resulting in chylothorax, which can be cured by resection of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Liao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weijiang Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan, Hubei, PR China
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18
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Yalta K, Ozkan U, Yalta T, Yetkin E. Cardiac myxoma as a potential trigger of takotsubo cardiomyopathy: A brief review on mechanistic and clinical perspectives. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 92. [PMID: 34579518 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, cardiac myxomas constitute the majority of benign cardiac neoplasms, and might potentially present with a variety of embolic, obstructive as well as constitutional symptoms. On the other hand, these neoplasms might be potentially associated with the evolution of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) that is universally considered as a transient form of acute myocardial dysfunction. Accordingly, the present paper primarily aims to focus on potential mechanisms and associated clinical implications of TTC evolution in the setting of cardiac myxomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Yalta
- Cardiology Department, Trakya University, Edirne.
| | - Ugur Ozkan
- Cardiology Department, Trakya University, Edirne.
| | - Tülin Yalta
- Pathology Department, Trakya University, Edirne.
| | - Ertan Yetkin
- Cardiology Department, Derindere Hospital, Istanbul.
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19
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Eustachian valve myxoma: a rare cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 69:1243-1246. [PMID: 34036487 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-021-01641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by right atrial myxomas are extremely rare. We report the case of a patient who presented with chronic liver disease who upon consequent investigation was found to have a mass occupying the right atrium and ventricle consistent with cardiac tumour. Intraoperatively, a giant mass was removed from the right atrium with the tumour stalk originating from the Eustachian valve. Histologic findings were consistent with myxoma.
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20
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Jain S, Nga VDW, Venketasubramanian N. Late Diagnosis of Multiple Cerebral Aneurysms A Decade after Resection of Cardiac Myxoma. Case Rep Neurol 2021; 12:189-195. [PMID: 33505294 DOI: 10.1159/000505390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral embolism from a cardiac myxoma is a rare cause of ischaemic stroke. These emboli may later lead to the development of cerebral aneurysms. We report a case of delayed presentation of neurological manifestations in form of multiple intracranial aneurysms many years after treatment of a cardiac myxoma. Our patient, a 55-year-old right-handed female with a background history of hypertension, first presented at the age of 45 years with a sudden onset of right hemiplegia. A CT brain scan detected multiple infarcts in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery. Echocardiography revealed a cardiac myxoma for which she underwent immediate total surgical resection. Nearly 10 years after this diagnosis, she presented again with right-sided weakness and left ptosis. CT scan of the brain revealed bilateral acute superior cerebellar infarcts with interval evolution of previously known left cortical infarcts. MRI/MR angiogram showed multiple aneurysms arising from the bilateral middle, left anterior and left posterior cerebral arteries. She was managed conservatively. The management of multiple aneurysms with cardiac myxomas is highly debatable and dependent on the patient's presentation. This case highlights the importance to follow up on potential late extra-cardiac manifestations of the myxomas despite adequate resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jain
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent Diong Wen Nga
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Fanlo P, Jayne D. PR3-ANCA associated retinal vasculitis and atrial myxoma. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:e5-e6. [PMID: 32778873 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fanlo
- Internal Medicine Department, Systemic Autoimmune Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - David Jayne
- Department of Medicine, Vasculitis and Lupus Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Zuwasti U, Quarrie R, Allen E, Haas C. Severe functional mitral stenosis due to a left atrial myxoma masquerading as asthma. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e236876. [PMID: 33334748 PMCID: PMC7747612 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumours, their overall incidence remains rare. Most cases (90%) are sporadic and occur in the third–sixth decades of life with a female predominance and have a specific predilection for the left atrium (75%). While often asymptomatic, clinical presentations depend on the tumour size, architecture and location. Echocardiography remains the mainstay for diagnostic evaluation. Tumour resection is the only definitive treatment. Histopathology using H&E and immunohistochemical stains, such as calretinin and CD34, confirms the diagnosis. We present a case of a patient with reported history of asthma who presented with recurrent acute on chronic shortness of breath refractory to inhaler therapy, multiple outpatient visits and hospitalisations for ‘asthma exacerbations’. After further evaluation, she was diagnosed with a left atrial myxoma attached to the inferior aspect of the intra-atrial septum complicated by severe functional mitral stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufara Zuwasti
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo Quarrie
- Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Department of Pathology, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Esmaeili S, Shojaei SF, Bahadori M, Mojtahed M, Mehrpour M. Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Cardiac Myxoma. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:855-859. [PMID: 33850622 PMCID: PMC8019853 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.6.1844.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myxoma may cause systemic embolization and frequently presents as ischemic stroke. Case Presentation: There have been debates about whether it is safe to use recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with cardiac myxoma who referred with ischemic stroke to the hospital’s emergency. Results: The patient was a young case of atrial myxoma with initial presentation of acute cerebral infarction symptoms who was treated with intravenous rt-PA with no complications. Conclusion: The case provides an evidence of the efficacy and safety of intravenous rt-PA in cases of cardiac myxoma. However, we cannot always expect thrombolytic therapy to be effective, especially in tumor emboli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Esmaeili
- Department of Neurology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fahimeh Shojaei
- Firoozgar Clinical Research and Development Center (FCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahadori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mojtahed
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mehrpour
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Dakalova TA, Abduramanov RA, Zakharyan EA. Peripheral arterial embolism in a patient with left atrial myxoma: a case report. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Dakalova
- V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, S. I. Georgievsky Medical Academy
| | - R. A. Abduramanov
- V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, S. I. Georgievsky Medical Academy
| | - E. A. Zakharyan
- V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, S. I. Georgievsky Medical Academy
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25
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Unusual presentation of an obstructing cardiac myxoma. JTCVS Tech 2020; 3:234-235. [PMID: 34317885 PMCID: PMC8303053 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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26
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Nunnery S, Bottinor W, Das S. Cardiac Masses in a Patient With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and a History of Breast Carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2020; 6:917-918. [PMID: 32324203 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nunnery
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wendy Bottinor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Satya Das
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Cho J, Quach S, Reed J, Osian O. Case report: left atrial Myxoma causing elevated C-reactive protein, fatigue and fever, with literature review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:119. [PMID: 32138674 PMCID: PMC7059297 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A cardiac myxoma in a young person may pose a diagnostic challenge as symptoms may be variable and the differential diagnosis is wide. The differential diagnosis can include rheumatic mitral valve disease, pulmonary hypertension, endocarditis, myocarditis and vasculitis. Case presentation This case report involves a 49 years old female with a 2.8 cm × 3.4 cm myxoma in the left atrium causing mitral valve obstruction. She presented with fatigue, fever of unknown origin, transient ischemic attack and shortness of breath. Prompt surgery is often recommended due to the risk of embolic complications or complete obstruction. Due to her symptoms, patient underwent successful cardiothoracic surgery to excise the myxoma within 2 weeks of confirmation by cardiac echocardiography. Conclusion This case also emphasizes the diagnostic challenge as symptoms may be variable, ranging from fatigue, fever and shortness of breath to transient ischemic attack and at worst, sudden cardiac death. In conclusion, if a cardiac mass is suspected, echocardiography should be performed early. Surgical resection is curative and recurrence rate is very rare in sporadic isolated myxomas, however, recurrence can be higher in genetic diseases associated with increased frequency of myxomas such as Carney complex. This subpopulation of patients may present further research opportunity to learn more about the perioperative management of patients with myxomas such as determining the optimal time to surgical intervention and decision to anticoagulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Cho
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA. .,HCA Ocala Regional Medical Center, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 1431 SW 1st Ave, Ocala, FL, 34471, USA.
| | - Steven Quach
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.,HCA Ocala Regional Medical Center, Internal Medicine Residency Program, 1431 SW 1st Ave, Ocala, FL, 34471, USA
| | - Justin Reed
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.,HCA Ocala Regional Medical Center, Internal Medicine Faculty, Ocala, FL, 34471, USA
| | - Omeni Osian
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.,HCA Ocala Regional Medical Center, General Surgery Residency Program Faculty, Ocala, FL, 34471, USA.,HCA Ocala Regional Medical Center, Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ocala, FL, 34471, USA
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28
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Al-Ameri A, Salerno TA. Commentary: The immunologic mystery of cardiac myxoma. JTCVS Tech 2020; 1:73-74. [PMID: 34317721 PMCID: PMC8288720 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Left Atrial Myxoma Presenting as Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg's) Syndrome. Case Rep Cardiol 2019; 2019:5610213. [PMID: 31827936 PMCID: PMC6881562 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5610213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomas are benign, primary tumors of the heart. Atrial myxomas can present with a variety of clinical features including dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary or systemic emboli. Constitutional symptoms such as fever and weight loss may also be present. We report the case of a young female presenting with headache, facial numbness, and vertigo, who was found to have a posterolateral medullary stroke secondary to a large left atrial cardiac myxoma.
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30
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Inayat F, Hussain A, Riaz I, Virk HUH. Atrial myxoma presenting as abdominal pain: an unusual association. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/2/e228447. [PMID: 30798280 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iqra Riaz
- Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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31
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Kumar N, Ranganathan M, James C, Mustafa S, Jha A, Aksoy I, Barman M. Right atrial myxoma presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin. HEART AND MIND 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_16_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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32
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Burgos E, Bermúdez J, Chávez W. Atrial myxoma related with ischemic cerebrovascular event. Med Clin (Barc) 2018; 151:e69-e70. [PMID: 29804645 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Burgos
- Servicio de Cardiología, IMAT-Oncomédica, Montería, Colombia
| | - Jorge Bermúdez
- Medicina Interna, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Wilson Chávez
- Medicina Interna, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
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33
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Wang Q, Yang F, Zhu F, Yao C. A case report of left atrial myxoma-induced acute myocardial infarction and successive stroke. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13451. [PMID: 30572445 PMCID: PMC6320038 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Left atrial myxoma is a common primary cardiac tumor, however, due to poor image quality or atypical myxoma images, it is often misdiagnosed by echocardiograph. A case of left atrial myxoma being misdiagnosed as a thrombus, which successively caused acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, is very rare. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography can play an important role in definitive diagnosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 44-year-old woman was diagnosed AMI because of chest pain with no significant stenosis in the coronary arteries. One month later, the patient was suddenly found unconscious, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed acute multiple cerebral infarctions in the left cerebral hemisphere. DIAGNOSES Left atrial myxoma, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. INTERVENTIONS The patient was given a cardiac surgery for tumor resection, the mass was surgically removed and histopathologic findings showed myxoma. OUTCOMES After several weeks of rehabilitation, the patient was able to resume daily activities without chest discomfort or dyspnea. One year later, echocardiography showed no recurrence of left atrial myxoma. The patient generally was in good condition. LESSONS Although myxoma is mostly benign, this patient occurred AMI and stroke because of misdiagnosis. Comprehensive assessments should be performed with multiple imaging methods for cardiac masses. If necessary, contrast-enhanced echocardiography should be used to clarify, so as not to delay the timing of surgery and bring potential risk of death to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cunshan Yao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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34
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Lau C, Leonard JR, Schwann AN, Soletti G, Abouarab AA, Munjal M, Gaudino M, Girardi LN. A 20-Year Experience With Resection of Primary Cardiac Tumors and Metastatic Tumors of the Heart. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 107:1126-1131. [PMID: 30471276 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac tumors are uncommon, occurring in less than 1% of the population, and are comprised of numerous tumor types. Management of certain tumors types such as sarcoma have evolved and improved in the recent era. We evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent resection of benign or malignant cardiac tumors with a focused review of cardiac sarcomas. METHODS Institutional data were reviewed from 1997 to 2017, and 180 patients who underwent tumor resection were identified. Outcomes and survival were examined based on tumor type. RESULTS Two-thirds of patients (119 of 180) had benign tumors. Of 61 malignant tumors, 23 were sarcomas, 24 were cavoatrial tumors, and 8 were T4 lung tumors. In the sarcoma group, operative mortality was 2 of 23 (9.1%). Neoadjuvant therapy was administered to 8 of 23 patients (34.8%) with R0 resection achieved in 5 of 8 patients (62.5%). R0 resection was successful in 7 of 15 patients (46.7%) without neoadjuvant therapy. Mean survival with neoadjuvant therapy was 2.76 ± 3.85 years versus 1.28 ± 1.31 years without neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.428). Mean survival with R0 resection was 2.79 ± 4.23 years compared with 1.64 ± 1.63 years without (p = 0.407). In the T4 lung tumor group, operative mortality was zero and R0 resection was achieved in 6 of 8 (75%). The cavoatrial tumors were mostly renal cell carcinoma resected with a mortality of 4.5%. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac tumors are comprised of diverse tumor types. Indications for, and benefits of, resecting benign tumors and many malignant tumor types are clear, and operative outcomes are generally good. Cardiac sarcomas benefit from neoadjuvant therapy, which improves the rate of complete resection, thus improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lau
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Jeremy R Leonard
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra N Schwann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Giovanni Soletti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ahmed A Abouarab
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Monica Munjal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Leonard N Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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35
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Wen XY, Chen YM, Yu LL, Wang SR, Zheng HB, Chen ZB, Ma L, Liao XP, Li QF. Neurological manifestations of atrial myxoma: A retrospective analysis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4635-4639. [PMID: 30214598 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial myxoma is the most common type of primary cardiac tumor and it is closely associated with stroke in adults. Early diagnosis and treatment of atrial myxomas is essential for the prevention of embolic events. The aim of the present study was to assess neurological complications associated with atrial myxoma. The neurological signs of atrial myxoma were retrospectively assessed in individuals who underwent treatment at West China Hospital (Chengdu, China) and The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Haikou, China), between March 2003 and February 2015. A total of 130 patients with atrial myxoma were included and 22 (17%) exhibited neurologic signs. These patients were aged 39.9±12.6 years (range, 13-78 years) and there were 13 female and 9 male patients. Ischemic cerebral infarct constituted the dominant clinical symptom (68.2%) and 3 patients exhibited concomitant cardiac manifestations. Atrial myxoma was diagnosed by echocardiography in all patients. Irregular surface of atrial myxomas was associated with a high risk of embolic events. The patients with myxoma successfully underwent surgery with no mortality recorded. In conclusion, atrial myxomas frequently manifest as cerebral infarction in individuals without cardiovascular risk factors. These tumors more commonly affect the middle cerebral artery. Irregular surface of myxomas appears to be associated with embolic events. Echocardiography may improve the diagnosis and early treatment of atrial myxomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Rong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
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The Mysterious Mitral Mass: A Case of Valvular Myxoma. Case Rep Cardiol 2018; 2018:3927948. [PMID: 30116642 PMCID: PMC6079597 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3927948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomas are the most common benign cardiac neoplasms in adults. The vast majority of cardiac myxomas arise from the left atrium near the fossa ovalis of the intra-atrial septum. There have been reports of myxomas arising from the ventricles accounting for about 5% of cases. In our literature review, we have found 55 reported cases of myxomas originating from the mitral valve reported in the adult population dating back to 1871. The majority of these cases presented with embolic complications or syncope. We present an incidental mitral valve myxoma which we excised in efforts to prevent debilitating complications.
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Sun D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Yang J. Primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma: case report, literature review and pooled analysis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:512. [PMID: 29720127 PMCID: PMC5932848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma is a very rare cardiac malignancy. The majority of publications are limited to case reports. No pooled analyses of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma cases are available. Little clinical features and outcome patterns are acknowledged. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma. Case presentation A case report of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma was presented, and a review of English language literatures of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcomas were performed electronically. Demographics, clinicopathologic data, therapy and follow-up were summarized. The median survival time and the mean survival time were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Survival distribution and overall survival were figured by log-rank test and cox proportional hazards models. We present a case, and retrospectively analyzed additional 30 patients derived from 24 isolated articles. The cohort consisted of 18 male and 13 female patients. The age was 41.87 ± 17.89 years. Some common features were found in clinical presentations, pathologic features, treatments and outcome patterns of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma. There were special features in echocardiography, histological and immunohistochemical examinations, which should be considered in diagnosis of primary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma. The median survival time/mean survival time (MST) was 14/32.66 months. The median survival time/mean survival time (MST) was 14/32.66 months. Compared to the other groups, the following groups had shorter survival characteristics, including age ≥ 40 years (14/11.79 months), female (14/26.26 months), mass diameter ≥ 40 mm (14/14.64 months), high-grade (2/11.81 months), and no post-treatment (14/28.09 months). Statistical analyses revealed that primary cardiac myxofibrosarcomas were more likely to present with local recurrences and dismal metastases. Tumors ≥ 40 mm in size (P = 0.055, HR = 6.79) or with high-grade (P = 0.063, HR = 11.45) had significantly worse prognosis. Conclusions Primary cardiac myxofibrosarcomas were more likely to present with local recurrences and dismal metastases. Echocardiography, together with histological method should be considered in ordinary diagnosis. Tumors ≥ 40 mm in size or with high-grade had significantly worse prognosis, which should be early diagnosed and treated with rational surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yupeng Wu
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University and The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Assaf Y, Nasser M, Jneid H, Ott D. Pulmonary Embolism Following Incomplete Surgical Resection of a Right Ventricular Myxoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cardiol Ther 2018; 7:107-117. [PMID: 29667131 PMCID: PMC5986674 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-018-0109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Right ventricular (RV) myxomas are extremely rare, but may have dreadful clinical sequelae including pulmonary embolism (PE). We present a case of a patient who had an RV myxoma that was attached to the tricuspid valve, and therefore could not be resected completely during surgery, and remnants of the tumor were seen on transthoracic echocardiogram during post-operative follow-up. Five months after surgery, the patient had PE, which could be due to tumor emboli or thromboemboli. Since repeat surgical resection was not feasible, the patient was started on warfarin. The patient is doing well and has had no PE recurrence over the past 20 months of follow-up. We have complemented the current case report with a comprehensive literature search and review on RV myxomas associated with PE in order to shed light on this uncommon but potentially lethal disorder. We concluded that right-sided cardiac myxomas, including RV myxomas, should be considered while dealing with PE, particularly in young patients with no risk factors, and that follow-up with echocardiography after surgery is important due to the possibility of recurrence, especially if complete resection was difficult to perform. Plain Language Summary Plain language summary available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Assaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Maher Nasser
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hani Jneid
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Ott
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Fitzgerald GP, Coughlan JJ, Satti Z, Arnous S. Atrial myxoma presenting as infective endocarditis. BMJ Case Rep 2018. [PMID: 29525758 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 23-year-old Asian student presented to our service with a 1-month history of fever, weight loss of 10 kg, night sweats, fatigue and general malaise. He was previously well with no significant medical or family history. He had a low-grade pyrexia and cardiac auscultation revealed a diastolic murmur consistent with 'tumour plop'. He had no sequelae of endocarditis. He had low-grade pyrexia of 37.7°C, and ECG showed sinus tachycardia at 130 bpm. He had raised inflammatory markers and was started on broad spectrum antibiotics. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus viridans twice. Transthoracic and transo-oesophageal echocardiography revealed a large mobile mass attached to the interatrial septum, suspicious for atrial myxoma, flopping into the left ventricle but not causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. All valves looked normal in appearance. He was treated with antibiotics for 2 weeks until inflammatory markers normalised. The patient was referred for cardiothoracic surgery where a large atrial myxoma (5 cm×3 cm) was excised just superior to the mitral valve. It had areas of necrosis and was colonised with S. viridans He had an unremarkable postoperative course and made a complete recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahir Satti
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Samer Arnous
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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