Short-term outcomes of transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children and adolescents: An experience of two centers in Upper Egypt

Transcatheter Occluder Devices for the Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Children: How Safe and Effective Are They? A Systematic Review

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the interatrial septum (IAS) of the heart that is one of the most common congenital heart diseases (CHD). Percutaneous transcatheter device occlusion is one of the techniques that have been developed for the closure of atrial septal defects. The primary objective of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of septal occluder devices in the management of atrial septal defect in children. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases to collect relevant articles according to a predetermined eligibility criteria and included 21 papers of different study designs in this systematic review. We found that transcatheter closure is safe and effective in most children with ASD. The major complications reported could be avoided by comprehensive clinical assessment and echocardiographic evaluation to determine appropriate device size and implantation strategy per individual child. Further research involving more clinical trials with larger sample size and longer duration of followup is required to improve the safety of existing devices for their use in all children with ASD despite their weight and defect size, and also the efficacy of newer devices such as biodegradable septal occluders.

Transcatheter closure of fenestrated atrial septal aneurysm in children: Feasibility and long-term results

BACKGROUND

To date, extensive experience in transcatheter closure of fenestrated atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) in the pediatric population is limited.

METHODS

To report on procedural feasibility, efficacy, and long-term outcome, we enrolled all children submitted to an attempt of transcatheter closure of fenestrated ASA at two, large volume, pediatric cardiology units (Naples and Massa, Italy) between April 2000 to May 2020.

RESULTS

This retrospective study included 139 patients (median age 9 years [range 2-18] and weight 36 kg [range 10-102]); 19 (13.7%) children were ≤20 kg (range 10-20) and 14 (10.1%) were ≤5 years old. Single perforation was observed in 28 patients (20.1%), while 111 patients (79.9%) had multifenestrated ASA. The median size of the main defect was 15 mm (range 6-34) and 25 patients (18%) had a defect ≥20 mm. The procedural success rate was 99% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.9-99.8) using a single device in 75 (69%), two devices in 31 (28%), and three devices in 3 (3%) cases. Early minor adverse events (AEs) occurred in four patients (2.8%). Late minor AEs were recorded in one patient (0.7%) over a median follow-up of 5 years ([range 0-18 years; total 890.2 person-years, and with 30 patients (22%) followed ≥10 years). Neither mortality nor major AEs were recorded. Freedom from AEs was 99.1% at 10-15 years (95% CI: 93.5-99.8%), without any difference according to atrial septum anatomy or patient age and weight.

CONCLUSION

Transcatheter closure of fenestrated ASA is technically feasible and effective in children with excellent long-term outcomes.

Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defects with the MemoPart Atrial Septal Occluder: The Early-Term Results of a Multicenter Study

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart disease with left-to-right shunt that may lead to pulmonary hypertension over time. Secundum ASD closure with transcatheter technique is currently the preferred method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical experience and early-term outcomes of patients treated with a MemoPart ASD occluder device between June 2013 and June 2019. Fifty-six patients (35 females) with a mean age of 9.4 ± 6.6 years (range: 2-44 years) were included in the study. The diameters of the devices used to close the ASDs were 7-28 mm. The ratio of the device/defect diameter was 1.14:1. Atrial septal defect closure was applied successfully in all patients. The MemoPart septal occluder is a safe and effective device for ASD closure. In wide ASDs and cases with more than one deficient rim, weak rims, or wide and complicated cases, it can be used carefully with sufficient experience.

Atrial Septal Defect Size and Rims on Transesophageal Echocardiogram

Background and aims:Rims and size of atrial septal defect (ASD) are crucial for the success of transcatheter ASD closure. The maximal diameter and dimensions of various rims of the ASD are essential for sizing and optimal placement of the device. We aimed to study the size and rims of ASD in our patients. Methods:This was a prospective study that was done at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre. All patients aged over 18 and referred to a unit IV in the Department of Cardiology for ASD device closure were included in the study. The study duration was six months, from April to September 2018. The size and rims of ASD were evaluated by transesophageal echocardiogram. Results:During the study, 173 patients underwent transesophageal echocardiogram. Most of them [122 (70.1%)] were women. Age ranged from 18 to 68 (mean, 35 years). The most common symptom was shortness of breath. Twenty-one (12.1%) patients were incidentally detected with ASDs. Sinus rhythm with right bundle branch block was present in 148 (85.5%) subjects. Right atrium and right ventricle were dilated in 162 (93.6%) patients. One patient had dextrocardia with situs inversus. More than half of all patients (54.9%) had mild tricuspid regurgitation. Mean tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient was 39.5±16.8 mm Hg. More than one ASD was present in 11 (6.3%) patients. ASD size ranged from 2 mm to 43 mm in 4-chamber view, 2 mm to 44 mm in short axis view, and 2 mm to 47 mm in bicaval view. The mean ASD size was 18.6±7.7 mm in 4-chamber view, 19.6±8.5 mm in short axis view, and 18.7±8.0 mm in bicaval view. In only 11 (6.4%) patients, all rims were present and not floppy, while in other 11 (6.4%) subjects all rims were present, but floppy. With the exception of aortic rim, all other rims were present and good in 55 (33.9%) patients, while in 45 (27.7%) patients, other rims were present but floppy. Conclusion:Many ASD have absent, inadequate and floppy rims.

Analysis of the therapeutic effect of transesophageal echocardiography-guided percutaneous device closure of atrial septal defects via the right internal jugular vein in children

BACKGROUND

Traditional X-ray-guided transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) via the right femoral vein carries a risk of radiation damage, which is greatly exacerbated by age and vascular conditions. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance for the closure procedure not only broadens the indications of interventional therapy for ASDs but also avoids radiation exposure.

PURPOSE

To assess the value of TEE-guided ASD device closure via the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) in children.

METHODS

Nineteen pediatric patients with secondary ASD underwent TEE-guided ASD device closure via the RIJV from July 22, 2015 to July 19, 2017. After the RIJV was successfully accessed, one Fustar curve-adjustable delivery sheath was inserted. The implant depth was adjusted, and the tip of the sheath was curved to facilitate passage through the ASD for the delivery and release of the occluder. TEE was used to guide the entire procedure.

RESULTS

In all 19 patients, the ASDs were successfully closed and the occluder was confirmed to have a stable position and good shape, with no residual shunt. During the follow-up period (2 months to 2 years), no pericardial effusion, thrombosis, tachyarrhythmia, atrioventricular block, or other complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

An adjustable delivery sheath can be used to treat ASD via the RIJV. This procedure has varied indications, and its advantages include a short operation path, procedural accuracy, minimal trauma, and quick recovery, especially for young patients with large ASDs and cases in which a femoral vein approach is difficult. The procedure has great clinical significance and merits attention.

Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects: Comparable Experience and Outcomes Between Developing and Developed Countries

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital heart defects. Transcatheter device closure of ASDs is safe and effective with most of the reported data being described from developed countries. To evaluate the short and mid-term results and experience of device closure of ASDs at a tertiary center in a developing country and compare it to that from developed countries. Retrospective study based on data collection from all patients who have undergone transcatheter percutaneous device closure for ASD from January 2005 until December 2017 at the Children's Heart Center at the American University of Beirut, Medical Center, Lebanon. During the study period, a total of 254 cardiac catheterizations were performed for device closure of ASDs. The mean age of the patients was 18 ± 17.9 years with 37% being less than 6 years of age. Females were 54%. Defect size ranged from 7 to 37 mm and device size ranged from 8 to 40 mm. The procedure was executed with a success rate of 96%. Five patients had device embolization (2%); in one patient the device was snared and for the remainder the devices were removed surgically. None of the study patients had thrombus formation, neurological complications, bacterial endocarditis, or cardiac erosions. There was no mortality. Device closure of ASDs at our tertiary center in a developing country has an effective and safe profile with excellent results and low complications rates, which compare favorably to those reported from centers in developed countries.