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Haney AM, Warner OM, McMullin SD, Motschman CA, Trull TJ, McCarthy DM. Using mobile technology to influence alcohol-impaired driving risk perceptions and decisions. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2024; 38:47-55. [PMID: 37141035 PMCID: PMC10624646 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite significant individual and societal risk, alcohol-impaired driving (AID) remains prevalent in the United States. Our aim was to determine whether breathalyzer-cued warning messages administered via mobile devices in the natural drinking environment could influence real-world AID cognitions and behaviors. METHOD One hundred twenty young adults (53% women; mean age = 24.7) completed 6 weeks of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and provided breathalyzer samples using a BACtrack Mobile Pro linked to their mobile device. On mornings after drinking episodes, participants reported their driving activities from the previous evening (787 episodes). Participants were randomly assigned to receive warning messages if they reached a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) ≥ .05, or no messages. Participants in the warnings condition reported their willingness to drive and perceived danger of driving at EMA prompts (1,541 reports). RESULTS We observed a significant effect of condition, such that the association between cumulative AID engagement and driving after reaching a BrAC of .05 was dampened among individuals in the warnings condition, compared to those in the no warnings condition. Receiving a warning message was associated with increased momentary perceived danger of driving and decreased willingness to drive. CONCLUSIONS We found that BrAC-cued warning messages reduced the probability of AID and willingness to drive while impaired, and increased the perceived danger of driving after drinking. These results serve as proof-of-concept for the use of mobile technology to deliver an adaptive just-in-time intervention to reduce the probability of AID. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Haney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | - Olivia M Warner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | - Sara D McMullin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | | | - Timothy J Trull
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
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Fei G, Li X, Sun Q, Qian Y, Stallones L, Xiang H, Zhang X. Effectiveness of implementing the criminal administrative punishment law of drunk driving in China: An interrupted time series analysis, 2004-2017. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 144:105670. [PMID: 32652332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, a more severe drunk driving law was implemented in China, which criminalized driving under the influence of alcohol for the first time and increased penalties for drunk driving. The present study aimed to assess effectiveness of the drunk driving law in China in reducing traffic crashes, injuries, and mortality. Data used in this study was obtained from the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to analyze annual data from 2004 to 2017, including the number of road traffic crashes, deaths, and injuries caused by drunk driving in China. The average annual incidences of crashes, mortality, and injuries have decreased after the promulgation of drunk driving law in 2011. In the post-intervention period, the increased slope for crashes, mortality and injury rates were, respectively, -0.140 to -0.006, -0.052 to -0.005 and -0.150 to -0.008, indicating a weaker downward trend of dependent variables. The more stringent drunk driving law is not as effective as expected. Drunk driving is still a severe traffic safety problem to be addressed in China. Both legislation and other prevention programs should be adopted to reduce road traffic injuries caused by drunk driving in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqiang Fei
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, China
| | - Yining Qian
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, China
| | - Lorann Stallones
- Department of Psychology, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Henry Xiang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy and Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xujun Zhang
- Injury Prevention Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Huang CY, Chou SE, Su WT, Liu HT, Hsieh TM, Hsu SY, Hsieh HY, Hsieh CH. Effect of Lowering the Blood Alcohol Concentration Limit to 0.03 Among Hospitalized Trauma Patients in Southern Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:571-581. [PMID: 32607025 PMCID: PMC7305841 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s250734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In June 2013, the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for driving was lowered from 0.05 to 0.03 mg/mL in Taiwan. Thus, this study aimed to assess the epidemiological changes in terms of drinking among drivers in southern Taiwan before and after the law was imposed. Methods Only patients who had undergone the BAC test at the emergency room were included in the study. The patients during the study period before (n = 2735) and after (n = 2413) the implementation of the law were selected for comparison. Drunk patients were defined as those who had a BAC ≥0.005 and were considered as driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol. Meanwhile, driving while intoxicated (DWI) was defined as a BAC ≥0.05, which was the level adopted in the new law. Results Since the BAC limit lowered to 0.03, the number of DUI patients significantly decreased from 340 (12.4%) to 171 (7.1%), and that of DWI patients significantly reduced from 273 (10.0%) to 146 (6.1%) based on the alcohol test. In addition, after the implementation of the law, the number of associated injuries did not significantly decrease from that before the law was implemented in patients involved in alcohol-related crashes. Conclusion After lowering the legal BAC limit from 0.05 to 0.03, responsiveness to the change in law was observed among the studied population. However, such responsiveness may not be observed in some citizens who may need special interventions to help reduce their behavior of drinking and driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Huang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-En Chou
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ti Su
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Tsung Liu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Min Hsieh
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shiun-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
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Lira MC, Sarda V, Heeren TC, Miller M, Naimi TS. Alcohol Policies and Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths Involving Blood Alcohol Concentrations Below 0.08. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:622-629. [PMID: 32192802 PMCID: PMC7174083 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury death in the U.S. Restrictive alcohol policies protect against crashes involving alcohol above the legal blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%. Characteristics of motor vehicle crash fatalities involving blood alcohol concentrations below the limit and their relationships to alcohol control policies have not been well characterized. METHODS Motor vehicle crash fatality data and crash and decedent characteristics from 2000 to 2015 came from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and were analyzed in 2018-2019. Alcohol Policy Scale scores characterized alcohol policy environments by state-year. Generalized estimating equation alternating logistic regression models assessed these scores and the odds that a fatality involved alcohol below the legal threshold. RESULTS Of 612,030 motor vehicle crash fatalities, 223,471 (37%) died in alcohol-involved crashes, of which 33,965 (15% of alcohol-involved fatalities or 6% of all fatalities) had a blood alcohol concentration <0.08%. A 10 percentage point increase in Alcohol Policy Scale score, approximating the interquartile range among states, was associated with reduced odds of fatalities involving alcohol <0.08% vs 0.00% (AOR=0.91, 95% CI=0.89, 0.93). These findings held across multiple subgroup analyses by decedent and crash characteristics. Similar results were found for odds of alcohol involvement <0.05% vs 0.00% (AOR=0.90, 95% CI=0.88, 0.93), and ≥0.05% but <0.08% vs <0.05% (AOR=0.93, 95% CI=0.89, 0.96). CONCLUSIONS The number of lower blood alcohol concentration fatalities is substantial. States with more restrictive alcohol policies tend to have reduced odds of lower blood alcohol concentration motor vehicle crashes than states with weaker policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene C Lira
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vishnudas Sarda
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy C Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy S Naimi
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Almeida-González M, Luzardo OP, Boada LD, Zaragoza E, Meilán MJ, Zumbado M, Henríquez-Hernández LA. Ethanol levels in legally autopsied subjects (2016-2017): Update of data and epidemiological implications in relation to violent deaths in Canary Islands (Spain). J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 68:101868. [PMID: 31585334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of ethanol in individuals (277) subjected to a mandatory medico-legal autopsy in the Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain) during 2016-2017, comparing the results with data published in 2015. Blood and/or vitreous humor samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. 31.8% of the individuals were positive to ethanol. We observed a decrease in the prevalence of ethanol among males (p = 0.002). While the prevalence of ethanol was reduced, the concentration among those positive subjects has increased. 11.9% of the series died in a traffic accident and the percentage of positive to ethanol decreased in relation to 2015 (64.3, 25.0, and 35.3%). The number of suicides remains constant, although the age of the suiciders has been significantly reduced (p = 0.022). The results of this study indicate that ethanol is still heavily involved in non-natural deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Almeida-González
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Government of the Canary Islands, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - O P Luzardo
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Government of the Canary Islands, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - L D Boada
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Government of the Canary Islands, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - E Zaragoza
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Government of the Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - M J Meilán
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Government of the Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - M Zumbado
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Government of the Canary Islands, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - L A Henríquez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Government of the Canary Islands, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Talwar A, Hill LL, DiGuiseppi C, Betz ME, Eby DW, Molnar LJ, Kelley-Baker T, Villavicencio L, Andrews HF, Li G, Strogatz D. Patterns of Self-Reported Driving While Intoxicated Among Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2019; 39:944-953. [PMID: 31185770 DOI: 10.1177/0733464819854005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examines the prevalence of self-reported driving while intoxicated (DWI) among drivers aged 65 and older. Method: This cross-sectional study was based on baseline data from the AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study, a multisite prospective cohort study of 2,990 older adult drivers. Alcohol-related variables from the baseline questionnaire were examined in relation to demographics, health status, and driving behaviors. A logistic regression model assessed variables associated with DWI. Results: Of the 2,990 participants, 72.7% reported consuming alcohol, 15.0% reported high-risk drinking, and 3.3% reported DWI. High-risk drinking (OR = 12.01) and risky driving behaviors (OR = 13.34) were significantly associated with at least occasional DWI. Avoidance of hazardous driving conditions (OR = 0.71) and higher level of comfort during challenging driving scenarios (OR = 0.65) were less likely to be associated with DWI. Conclusion: A large number of older adults engage in high-risk drinking and DWI. Public health education and DWI-related interventions should include older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marian E Betz
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guohua Li
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Molnar LJ, Eby DW, Kostyniuk LP, St Louis RM, Zanier N. Stakeholder perceptions of lowering the blood alcohol concentration standard in the United States. Ann Epidemiol 2017; 27:757-762. [PMID: 28988623 PMCID: PMC7042952 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to better understand the past change in the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) standard from 0.10% to 0.08% in the United States, as well as explore stakeholder perceptions about potential health and other impacts of further lowering the standard below 0.08%. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 20 organizations considered to have an interest and investment in the potential impacts of strategies to decrease alcohol-impaired related crashes and injuries. Interviews were conducted by a trained moderator, using a structured guide. RESULTS Themes from the interviews are presented for several discussion topics explored for both the earlier change in the legal BAC limit from 0.10% to 0.08% and a potential lowering of the limit below 0.08%. Topics included arguments for and against change; organizational position on the change; stakeholders on both sides of the issue; strategies to support or oppose the change; health and economic impacts; and enforcement and adjudication challenges. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, results suggest that moving the BAC standard below the current level will require considerable effort and time. There was strong, but not complete, agreement that it will be difficult, and maybe infeasible in the short-term, for states to implement a BAC standard lower than 0.08%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lidia P Kostyniuk
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Renée M St Louis
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicole Zanier
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI
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