1
|
Assessing the Road Traffic Crashes among Novice Female Drivers in Saudi Arabia. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recently (in 2018), females were legally allowed to drive and use automobiles in Saudi Arabia (SA) for the first time. This study investigated and analyzed the general fear of driving (GFDS), perceived self-confidence (PSCR), socio-economic variables, demographic distribution, and self-reported RTCs in novice female drivers from SA. Methods: The work was based on survey responses from 9608 participants from the first generation of female drivers from SA. Factor analysis was used to extract GFDS and PSCR scales. Results: Cronbach’s α values of 0.781 and 0.800 were observed for GFDS and PSCR, respectively. Logistic regression was employed to model road traffic collisions (RTCs) as a function of all significant variables. The results showed that of the 17.4% of geographically distributed respondents who reported RTCs, only 4% reported severe or minor injuries, and the rest (96.0%) of the accidents involved property damage. The GFDS and PSCR values showed a positive association with the RTCs of novice female drivers. Furthermore, age was not a significant influencing factor in the RTCs of novice female drivers. However, exposure factors were positively associated with the risk of RTC involvement. Conclusions: Female novice drivers who were single, divorced/widowed, employed, and had higher individual incomes were at higher risk of getting into RTCs. The female drivers who hired personal trainers, compared to those who did not, exhibited similar chances of getting involved in RTCs. An extra on-road in-traffic driving lesson is suggested to be included in the new-driver license training program for drivers with higher GFDS in SA.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chirles TJ, Ehsani JP, Kinnear N, Seymour KE. Skin Conductance Responses of Learner and Licensed Drivers During a Hazard Perception Task. Front Psychol 2021; 12:619104. [PMID: 33841248 PMCID: PMC8026887 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While advanced driver assistance technologies have the potential to increase safety, there is concern that driver inattention resulting from overreliance on these features may result in crashes. Driver monitoring technologies to assess a driver’s state may be one solution. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend the research on physiological responses to common driving hazards and examine how these may differ based on driving experience. Methods: Learner and Licensed drivers viewed a Driving Hazard Perception Task while electrodermal activity (EDA) was measured. The task presented 30 Event (hazard develops) and 30 Non-Event (routine driving) videos. A skin conductance response (SCR) score was calculated for each participant based on the percentage of videos that elicited an SCR. Results: Analysis of the SCR score during Event videos revealed a medium effect (d = 0.61) of group differences, whereby Licensed drivers were more likely to have an SCR than Learner drivers. Interaction effects revealed Licensed drivers were more likely to have an SCR earlier in the Event videos compared to the end, and the Learner drivers were more likely to have an SCR earlier in the Non-Event videos compared to the end. Conclusion: Our results support the viability of using SCR during driving videos as a marker of hazard anticipation differing based on experience. The interaction effects may illustrate situational awareness in licensed drivers and deficiencies in sustained vigilance among learner drivers. The findings demand further examination if physiological measures are to be validated as a tool to inform driver potential performance in an increasingly automated driving environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Chirles
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Health Policy and Management Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Johnathon P Ehsani
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Health Policy and Management Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neale Kinnear
- Transportation Research Laboratory, Wokingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Seymour
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,National Institutes of Health, Center for Scientific Review, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Stasi LL, Diaz-Piedra C, Morales JM, Kurapov A, Tagliabue M, Bjärtå A, Megias A, Bernhardsson J, Paschenko S, Romero S, Cándido A, Catena A. A cross-cultural comparison of visual search strategies and response times in road hazard perception testing. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 148:105785. [PMID: 33161370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Road hazard perception is considered the most prominent higher-order cognitive skill related to traffic-accident involvement. Regional cultures and social rules that govern acceptable behavior may influence drivers' interpretation of a traffic situation and, consequently, the correct identification of potentially hazardous situations. Here, we aimed to compare hazard perception skills among four European countries that differ in their traffic culture, policies to reduce traffic risks, and fatal crashes: Ukraine, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. We developed a static hazard perception test in which driving scenes with different levels of braking affordance were presented while drivers' gaze was recorded. The test required drivers to indicate the action they would undertake: to brake vs. to keep driving. We assessed 218 young adult drivers. Multilevel models revealed that the scenes' levels of braking affordance (i.e., road hazard) modulated drivers' behavior. As the levels of braking affordance increased, drivers' responses became faster and their gaze entropy decreased (i.e., visual search strategy became less erratic). The country of origin influenced these effects. Ukrainian drivers were the fastest and Swedish drivers were the slowest to respond. For all countries, the decrement in response times was less marked in the case of experienced drivers. Also, Spanish drivers showed the most structured (least erratic) visual search strategy, whereas the Italians had the most rigid (most constant) one. These results suggest that road hazard perception can be defined cross-culturally, with cultural factors (e.g., traffic climate, legislation) modulating response times and visual search strategies. Our results also support the idea that a multimodal assessment methodology is possible for mass testing of road hazard perception and its outcomes would be relevant to understand how different traffic cultures shape driving behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro L Di Stasi
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Carolina Diaz-Piedra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - José M Morales
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Anton Kurapov
- Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Anna Bjärtå
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Alberto Megias
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jens Bernhardsson
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Svitlana Paschenko
- Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Samuel Romero
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Cándido
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|