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Yang H, Li X, Cao X, Lu S, Zheng X. The toxicity assessment of 14 biocides for industrial circulating cooling water system by damage/repair pathway profiling analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104156. [PMID: 37217027 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of 14 biocides commonly used in circulating cooling water systems were evaluated. Results showed that biocide exposure can induce complex damage/repair pathways, including DNA, oxidative, protein, general, and membrane stress. All damages enhanced with increasing concentrations. Among them, MTC exhibited toxicity at concentrations as low as 1.00×10-17mg/L, and TELItotal reached 1.60. We derived molecular toxicity endpoints based on dose-response curves to compare the normalized toxicity of biocides. Total-TELI1.5 exhibited that THPS, MTC, and DBNPA have the lowest toxic exposure concentrations, which are 2.180×10-27, 1.015×10-14, and 3.523×10-6 mg/L. TBTC, MTC, and 2,4-DCP had the highest Total-TELImax values, which are 861.70, 526.30, and 248.30. Moreover, there was a high correlation (R2=0.43~0.97) between biocides' molecular structure and toxicity. And, biocide exposure combinations were found to increase toxicity pathways and enhance toxic effects, with a similar toxicity mechanism observed as in single-component exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; National Supervision & Inspection Center of Environmental Protection Equipment Quality, Jiangsu, Yixing 214205, China.
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Zhao C, Zhang Y, Suo A, Mu J, Ding D. Toxicity of tributyltin chloride on haarder (Liza haematocheila) after its acute exposure: Bioaccumulation, antioxidant defense, histological, and transcriptional analyses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:501-511. [PMID: 36162773 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Liza haematocheila is exposed to various chemical contaminants from anthropogenic sources, including tributyltin chloride (TBTC). Yet the toxicity mechanism of TBTC on haarder remains unclear. The haarder was exposed to different doses (0, 10%, 20%, and 50% of LC50-96 h) of TBTC. In this study, the results revealed its high bioaccumulation in the livers and significant alteration for development. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased after 96-h exposure to TBTC, this accompanied by an increased malondialdehyde level. TBTC exposure caused the intense production of reactive oxygen species, a reduction in total blood cell count in serum, and apoptosis-related alterations in livers, indicating that enhanced oxidative stress occurred in the process of TBTC exposure. Histological results revealed angiorrhexis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes in the livers, and swelling, fusion, and disintegration of gill organs. Interestingly, the obtained transcriptional profiles indicated that high doses of TBTC caused energy disorder, apoptosis, and adipogenesis restriction mediated by cytokines and adipokines in Jak-STAT and adipocytokine signaling pathways. In summary, acute exposure to high doses of TBTC could impair the antioxidant system and pathways related to energy, apoptosis and adipogenesis, eventually posing a serious challenge to the fitness of haarder individuals and its fish populations as marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Anning Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| | - Jingli Mu
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Dewen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
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