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Lobbes H, Lega JC, Le Guenno G, Ruivard M, Mainbourg S. Treatment strategy for acquired pure red cell aplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6451-6465. [PMID: 37624775 PMCID: PMC10632686 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of autoimmune acquired pure red cell aplasia (aPRCA) is challenging. Guidelines are based on expert recommendations in the absence of controlled trials. We assessed the efficacy of the main treatment strategy through a systematic review and meta-analysis using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to September 2022. The overall response rate (ORR) was pooled using random-effects models. In total, 24 observational studies (19 retrospective, median follow-up of 48 months) encompassing 753 patients (49% male) were included. Primary aPRCA represented 57% of the cases. The risk of bias was moderate to high using the ROBINS-I tool. Substantial heterogeneity (I2 > 50%) was retrieved. Corticosteroids as monotherapy as first-line treatment (186 patients, 13 studies) provided an ORR of 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34-60). Cyclosporine A was the most frequently used immunosuppressant agent (384 patients, 18 studies), providing an ORR of 74% (95% CI, 66-82) with a similar ORR in first- (73%) and second-line (76%) treatment and when cyclosporin was used as monotherapy (83%) or with corticosteroids (77%). A total of 112 patients (10 studies) received cyclophosphamide, with an ORR of 49% (95% CI, 35-64), which was higher when cyclophosphamide was combined with corticosteroids (48%) and used in second-line treatment (58%) than in monotherapy (31%), and in first-line treatment (44%). Sirolimus use was reported only after cyclosporine A failure and provided an ORR of 87% (95% CI, 68-100; 64 patients, 3 studies). Substantial uncertainty remains regarding the best treatment strategy in the absence of high-quality evidence. This study was registered on the PROPERO database as #CRD42022360452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lobbes
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Estaing, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Compétence des cytopénies autoimmunes de l’adulte, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Pascal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lega
- Lyon Immunopathology Federation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Equipe Evaluation et Modélisation des Effets Thérapeutiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie évolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Le Guenno
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Estaing, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Compétence des cytopénies autoimmunes de l’adulte, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc Ruivard
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Estaing, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Compétence des cytopénies autoimmunes de l’adulte, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Pascal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sabine Mainbourg
- Lyon Immunopathology Federation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Evaluation et Modélisation des Effets Thérapeutiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie évolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Département de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
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2
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Lobbes H. [Pure red cell aplasia: Diagnosis, classification and treatment]. Rev Med Interne 2023; 44:19-26. [PMID: 36336519 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.10.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare anemia characterised by profound reticulocytopenia caused by a marked reduction in bone marrow erythroblasts, without abnormalities in other blood lineages. Blackfan-Diamond anemia is an inherited ribosomopathy responsible for a hereditary form of PRCA. Acquired PRCA are separated in primary and secondary forms, including Parvovirus B19 infection, thymoma, lymphoproliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases (lupus) and drug-induced PRCA. The pathophysiology of PRCA is not fully understood and involves both humoral and T lymphocyte autoreactive cells. In Parvovirus B19-related PRCA, treatment is based on polyvalent immunoglobulins. Thymectomy for thymoma is mandatory but results in prolonged remission in a limited number of cases. The therapeutic strategy is based on expert opinion: corticosteroids in monotherapy provide few sustained responses. The choice of an additional immunosuppressant drug is guided by the presence of an underlying disease. In most cases, cyclosporine A is the first choice providing the best response rate but requires a concentration monitoring (150 to 250 ng/mL). The second choice is cyclophosphamide in large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. Sirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) seems to be a promising option especially in refractory cases. Transfusion independence is the main objective. If the patient receives numerous red blood cell transfusions (> 20 packs), iron overload assessment is crucial to initiate an iron chelation. A retrospective and prospective national cohort (EPIC-F) has been set up and is now available to include each case of PRCA to improve the knowledge of this disease and to optimize the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lobbes
- Service de médecine interne, Hôpital Estaing, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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3
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Malfitano AM, D’Esposito V, De Placido P, Tortora M, Ottaviano M, Pietroluongo E, Morra R, Mucci B, Napolitano F, Montella L, Giuliano M, De Placido S, Terracciano D, Palmieri G, Formisano P. Immunological signature of patients with thymic epithelial tumors and Good syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908453. [PMID: 36059463 PMCID: PMC9434000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are frequently accompanied by Good Syndrome (GS), a rare immunodeficiency, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and peripheral B cell lymphopenia. TETs can be also associated to other immunological disorders, both immunodeficiency and autoimmunity.MethodsIn this study, we enrolled TET patients with GS to address differences between patients with or without associated autoimmune diseases (AD). We analyzed the immunophenotype from peripheral blood of these patients focusing on selected immune cell subsets (CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, T regulatory cells, NK cells, B-cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils) and serum levels of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.ResultsWe observed higher number of leucocytes, in particular lymphocytes, B lymphopenia and lower number of T regulatory cells in TET patients with associated AD compared to TET patients without AD. In the group of TET patients with AD, we also observed increased serum levels of IL-15, VEGF, IP-10, GM-CSF, IL-6, and MIP-1α. Thus, we identified considerable differences in the lymphocyte profiles of TET patients with and without ADs, in particular a reduction in the numbers of B lymphocytes and T-regulatory cells in the former, as well as differences in the serum levels of various immune modulators.ConclusionsAlthough the pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear, our results add new knowledge to better understand the disease, suggesting the need of surveilling the immunophenotype of TET patients to ameliorate their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Malfitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Formisano, ; Anna Maria Malfitano,
| | - Vittoria D’Esposito
- Research Unit (URT) Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Tortora
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Rare Tumors Coordinating Center of Campania Region (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
| | - Margaret Ottaviano
- Rare Tumors Coordinating Center of Campania Region (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Napoli, Italy
| | - Erica Pietroluongo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Morra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Brigitta Mucci
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Liliana Montella
- ASL NA2 NORD, Oncology Operative Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Rare Tumors Coordinating Center of Campania Region (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Rare Tumors Coordinating Center of Campania Region (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Research Unit (URT) Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Formisano, ; Anna Maria Malfitano,
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Yen CC, Huang WL, Li SS, Chen YP, Tseng YL, Yen YT, Chu CY, Hsu YT, Chen TY. Pure Red Cell Aplasia and Other Haematological Diseases Associated With Thymoma: A Case Series and Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:759914. [PMID: 34966753 PMCID: PMC8710742 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.759914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thymoma-associated haematological diseases (HDs), such as pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and Good's syndrome, are extremely rare, and due to the paucity of large-scale studies, the characteristics, remission after thymectomy, and long-term evaluation remain undetermined. Methods: We retrospectively assessed patients with thymoma and associated HDs from Jan 2005 to Dec 2020. All patients received thymectomy and/or additional treatments for HDs. A comparison with thymoma-associated myasthenic gravis (MG), and a systematic review from PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were conducted. Results: In the median follow-up of 56 months, 130 patients were enrolled. Patients with thymoma-associated MG (n = 46) and HDs [n = 8; PRCA (n = 5), PRCA and Good's syndrome (n = 2) and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (n = 1)] were evaluated. Patients with MG had a significantly higher remission rate after thymectomy (50 vs. 17%; p = 0.0378) as compared to those with other autoimmune diseases. Two of seven patients with PRCA experienced remission with thymectomy alone, and an additional two patients achieved remission with thymectomy plus immunosuppressive therapy (IST). In the systematic review, 60 studies (case reports, n = 46; case series including the present study, n = 14) were evaluated. Forty-four percent of patients were diagnosed with PRCA after thymoma, and 61% achieved remission with thymectomy plus IST; however, Good's syndrome was unaffected. Conclusions: Our study indicates that patients with thymoma-associated autoimmune diseases other than MG have a lower remission rate than those with MG. Remission of thymoma-associated PRCA can be achieved by thymectomy and IST. This study provides insight into extremely rare but puzzling autoimmune manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Yen
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Douliou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Syue Li
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Lin Tseng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Yen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yao Chu
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ya-Ting Hsu
| | - Tsai-Yun Chen
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Tsai-Yun Chen
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5
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Lesire B, Durieux V, Grigoriu B, Girard N, Berghmans T. Management of thymoma associated autoimmune pure red cell aplasia: Case report and systematic review of the literature. Lung Cancer 2021; 157:131-146. [PMID: 34049719 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome observed in 2-5 % of thymomas. Literature reports great variability in its management. Based on an illustrative clinical case, we present a systematic literature review whose main objective is to evaluate the therapeutic management of PRCA. The literature search was performed based on the PICO method in the Medline and Scopus databases. The reference clinical case concerns a 51-year-old woman with stage IVa thymoma. After initial response to chemotherapy, a locoregional progression occurred with PRCA development that responded favorably under second line chemotherapy. The patient finally died in a context of bicytopenia with febrile neutropenia. The systematic review covers 135 articles published between 1950 and 2019. Thymectomy alone or in combination with other therapies showed a 31 % complete remission (CR) rate for PRCA of, whereas none was reported with anti-tumor treatments without thymectomy. Among immunomodulatory therapies, cyclosporin gave the highest percentage of CR (74 %). Finally, the combination of thymectomy and immunomodulatory treatments showed a CR rate of 45 %. Thymectomy appeared to be the most effective anti-tumor treatment for PRCA. Immunomodulatory therapies, particularly cyclosporine, are shown effective, but the risk of infectious complications must be considered. The optimal place of anti-tumor and immunomodulatory therapies against PRCA has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Lesire
- Department of Internal Medecine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Valérie Durieux
- Bibliothèque des Sciences de la Santé, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan Grigoriu
- Department of Intensive Care and Oncological Emergencies & Thoracic Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Institut du Thorax Curie Montsouris, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Berghmans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratoire Facultaire de Médecine Factuelle de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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6
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Li Y, Yao Z, Jiang M, Nie Y, Chen R, Liang N, Yang H, Zhang X, Zhang F. Clinical manifestations and long-term prognosis of Good syndrome: Results from a single-center cohort study from China. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 31:1019-1024. [PMID: 33428506 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1868735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical features and long-term prognosis in patients with Good syndrome (GS). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of GS patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2001 to May 2019. Data regarding clinical manifestations and treatments were collected. Patients were routinely followed-up via clinical and telephone interviews, and survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were identified, including eight males and 16 females, with a median age at diagnosis of 58 years (interquartile range [IQR], 52-62 years). Twelve patients (50%) had autoimmune manifestations. Multi-organ involvements included musculoskeletal (37.5%), respiratory (33.3%), gastrointestinal (29.2%), hematologic (29.2%) systems, et.al. Infections were detected in 23 (95.8%) patients, mostly located in lung (69.6%), blood (26.1%), and gastrointestinal tract (21.7%). Thymectomy was performed in 23 patients, with the most common histology of type AB (10, 47.6%). Twenty-one patients were consecutively followed-up with a median follow-up of 84 (IQR, 48-116) months and 11 (52.4%) died, mainly due to infection (8/11, 72.7%). The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.8-100%) and 38.5% (95% CI, 19.6-75.5%), respectively. CONCLUSION GS patients tended to present with various infections and autoimmune manifestations. The 10-year survival rate from the Chinese population was poor, mainly due to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoran Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxue Nie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxuan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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7
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Noël N, Le Roy A, Hot A, Saadoun D, Lazaro E, Lévesque H, Le Gouellec N, Meaux-Ruault N, Nguyen T, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Amieux B, Fontana A, De Gennes C, Fulpin J, Thomas PA, Bluthgen MV, Besse B, Lambotte O. Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with thymoma: A fifteen-year observational study in France. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102464. [PMID: 31917264 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, biological and pathological characteristics of patients with the association of SLE and thymic epithelial tumors (TET) in a retrospective multicenter series. METHODS Cases diagnosed in France between 2000 and 2015 were collected after a call for observations from the French network for thymic epithelial tumors (RYTHMIC database) and the French National Society of Internal Medicine (SNFMI). RESULTS Fourteen patients were identified, the majority were women (93%). The median age at diagnosis of lupus was 43.5 [range: 30-66] years and 43.5 [range: 26-73] years at diagnosis of thymoma. TET required chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy complementary to surgery in >90% cases. Lupus was diagnosed before, simultaneously, or after diagnosis of thymoma in 6, 3 and 5 cases, respectively. Among the lupus manifestations, joint involvement was predominant (78.6%), followed by autoimmune cytopenia (35.7%), cutaneous affections (28.6%), serositis (28.6%) and renal involvement (21.4%). SLE was associated with one or more AID in 5/14 patients. These characteristics were compared with those from 17 patients identified in the literature. Among them, joint and skin involvement as well as pleural/pericardial effusions occurred in >50%. SLE was controlled by prednisone and hydroxychloroquine in the majority of cases, but 7 out of 31 patients had an immunosuppressant. CONCLUSION The association of SLE and TET is rare, and its clinical profile seems to be distinguished by the frequency of cytopenias. The management of these patients is complicated by the need to treat cancer, lupus and/or associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Noël
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM, U1184, Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CEA, DSV/iMETI, Département d'Immunovirologie, IDMIT, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Audrey Le Roy
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Ecole du Val de Grâce, 1 place Alphonse Laveran, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Hot
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hopital Edouard Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005 Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hopitaux Universitaires de Bordeaux, Hopital Haut-Lévêque, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Hervé Lévesque
- Normandie univ, UNIROUEN, U1096, Service de Médecine Interne, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Noémie Le Gouellec
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hopital de Valenciennes, F-59300 Valenciennes, France
| | - Nadine Meaux-Ruault
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU de Besançon, Hopital Jean Minjoz, 3 boulevard Fleming, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Nguyen
- Service de Cancérologie, CHU de Besançon, Hopital Jean Minjoz, 3 boulevard Fleming, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Aurélie Fontana
- Service de Rhumatologie, Pavillon F, CHU Édouard Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Christian De Gennes
- APHP, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Besse
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM, U1184, Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CEA, DSV/iMETI, Département d'Immunovirologie, IDMIT, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Aplastic Anemia and Good Syndrome in a Heavily Treated Stage IV Thymoma Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Hematol 2019; 2019:1910923. [PMID: 31781423 PMCID: PMC6875174 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1910923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoma is an uncommon slowly growing neoplasm. It usually presents with paraneoplastic syndromes including the immunodeficiency syndrome called Good syndrome and hematological disorders. Pure red cell aplasia is a well-recognized complication of thymoma, and aplastic anemia is very rare in association with GS. We report a case of GS in a heavily treated patient with stage IV thymoma associated with a pure red cell aplasia and an amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia that evolved into an AA and provide an up-to-date review of the relevant literature. This is the first case of the association of GS and AA with the coexistence of a heavily treated stage IV thymoma. The fatal outcome was not related to the progression of the thymoma, but rather to the severe infectious complications. The combination of lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia typical of GS, coupled to the neutropenia, caused by bone marrow failure, was the main predisposing factor for the unfavourable outcome.
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Yoon JK, Jang HR, Park JH, Kim KH, Roh EY, Byun JM. A case of immune thrombocytopenia associated with invasive thymoma successfully treated with eltrombopag. Blood Res 2019; 54:74-79. [PMID: 30956967 PMCID: PMC6439297 DOI: 10.5045/br.2019.54.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ki Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Ryeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eu Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Min Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The association between thymoma and autoimmunity is well known. Besides myasthenia gravis, which is found in 15 to 20% of patients with thymoma, other autoimmune diseases have been reported: erythroblastopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory myopathies, thyroid disorders, Isaac's syndrome or Good's syndrome. More anecdotally, Morvan's syndrome, limbic encephalitis, other autoimmune cytopenias, autoimmune hepatitis, and bullous skin diseases (pemphigus, lichen) have been reported. Autoimmune diseases occur most often before thymectomy, but they can be discovered at the time of surgery or later. Two situations require the systematic investigation of a thymoma: the occurrence of myasthenia gravis or autoimmune erythroblastopenia. Nevertheless, the late onset of systemic lupus erythematosus or the association of several autoimmune manifestations should lead to look for a thymoma. Neither the characteristics of the patients nor the pathological data can predict the occurrence of an autoimmune disease after thymectomy. Thus, thymectomy usefulness in the course of the autoimmune disease, except myasthenia gravis, has not been demonstrated. This seems to indicate the preponderant role of self-reactive T lymphocytes distributed in the peripheral immune system prior to surgery. Given the high infectious morbidity in patients with thymoma, immunoglobulin replacement therapy should be considered in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia who receive immunosuppressive therapy, even in the absence of prior infection.
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Moving Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Thoracic Tumors beyond NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:1819-1836. [PMID: 27288978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SCLC and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are historically characterized by a disappointing lack of significant therapeutic breakthroughs for novel agents, and both malignancies represent true unmet medical needs. Given the promising results of anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 and anti-programmed cell death-1/programmed death ligand-1 antibodies in the treatment of advanced NSCLCs, these immune checkpoint inhibitors are now also under investigation in SCLC and MPM, as well as in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Here, we review the biological and clinical rationale for immune checkpoint inhibition in SCLC, MPM, and TETs and present preliminary clinical results with available antibodies. Immunotherapeutic perspectives for these malignancies in terms of novel agents currently under evaluation or anticipated in the near future are also discussed. Current immune checkpoint blockers targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 and the programmed cell death-1/programmed death ligand-1 axis, administered alone or in combination and as multimodality treatment, are likely to be a valuable addition to the therapeutic array for managing SCLC and MPM; studies in TETs, which are currently in their infancy, are merited. Close attention to potential toxicities will be important to the success of such strategies in these settings.
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