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Ding D, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Xu C, Fan X, Tu Y, Zhao D. Recent advances in bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron composite for water decontamination: Synthesis, modification and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120187. [PMID: 38310792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The environmental pollution of water is one of the problems that have plagued human society. The bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron (BnZVI) technology has increased wide attention owing to its high performance for water treatment and soil remediation. In recent years, the BnZVI technology based on the development of nZVI has been further developed. The material chemistry, synthesis methods, and immobilization or surface stabilization of bimetals are discussed. Further, the data of BnZVI (Fe/Ni, Fe/Cu, Fe/Pd) articles that have been studied more frequently in the last decade are summarized in terms of the types of contaminants and the number of research literatures on the same contaminants. Five contaminants including trichloroethylene (TCE), Decabromodi-phenyl Ether (BDE209), chromium (Cr(VI)), nitrate and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were selected for in-depth discussion on their influencing factors and removal or degradation mechanisms. Herein, comprehensive views towards mechanisms of BnZVI applications including adsorption, hydrodehalogenation and reduction are provided. Particularly, some ambiguous concepts about formation of micro progenitor cell, production of hydrogen radicals (H·) and H2 and the electron transfer are highlighted. Besides, in-depth discussion of selectivity for N2 from nitrates and co-precipitation of chromium are emphasized. The difference of BnZVI is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Ding
- Key Laboratory of and Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of and Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of and Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Chaonan Xu
- Key Laboratory of and Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Xudong Fan
- Key Laboratory of and Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Yingying Tu
- Key Laboratory of and Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of and Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
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Chen KL, Ahmad MS, Chen CL. Enhanced nitrate reduction over functionalized Pd/Cu electrode with tunable conversion to nitrogen and sodium hydroxide recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161849. [PMID: 36716879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of heteroatomic electrocatalysts with a particular geometric structure for wastewater denitrification remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we reported the fabrication of a series of PdCu electrodes with Pd electrodeposition times varying from 60 s to 360 s. Physiochemical and electrochemical techniques were used to analyze the structure, morphology and activity of as prepared catalytic electrodes. XRD data revealed the formation of a PdCu alloy, while a reduced particle sizes (ca. 5.3 nm) and a uniform distribution of Pd over Cu was demonstrated by TEM. The XPS measurement indicated the presence of redox (Pd0 and Cu+2) states hence demonstrating the formation of a PdCu alloy. A nitrate removal efficiency of ~98 %, N2 selectivity ~86 % with an alkali recovery of 335 mM was obtained over Pd/Cu 180 s at 0.68 mA cm-2. Enhanced nitrate reducibility and extended durability reveal the viability of a novel electrocatalytic and electrodialysis system for degrading NO3- in water, as well as a system for efficiently recovering liquid alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ling Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Sheraz Ahmad
- Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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3
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Patra S, Pranudta A, Chanlek N, Nguyen TT, Nhat NH, El-Moselhy MM, Padungthon S. Denitrification of nitrate in regeneration waste brine using hybrid cation exchanger supported nanoscale zero-valent iron with/without palladium nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136851. [PMID: 36244425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals require that reducing waste is a priority. This work described the application of an innovative zero-waste hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology that concurrently removed nitrate and induced denitrification to ammonia, with the ability to generate fertilizer for the agriculture sector from the recycled by-products. Herein, hybrid cation exchanger-supported zero-valent iron (Fe0), and bimetallic Fe0/Pd nanoparticles (HCIX-Fe0 and HCIX-Fe0/Pd) were synthesized and successfully validated for denitrification of nitrate in spent waste brine that contained nitrate. The kinetics of nitrate catalysis by both HCIX-Fe0 and HCIX-Fe0/Pd were compared and presented by six kinetic models, namely, zero-order, pseudo first- and second-order reaction, pseudo first- and second-order adsorption, and Elovich. HCIX-Fe0/Pd displayed a higher kinetic value than HCIX-Fe0, with k1 of 0.0019 and 0.0026 min-1, respectively. Nitrate was predominantly catalysed to NH4+ at a ratio of ammonia to other nitrogen compounds of around 80:20. Although HCIX-Fe0/Pd showed slightly better (14%) kinetic results, it was determined as unfavourable for real-life application due to low selectivity toward N2 gas and the need to use H2 gas. Based on practicability, the HCIX-Fe0 was further validated. The effect of salt (using NaCl) and the role of initial pH conditions were optimized and discussed. The recovery of nitrate removal was also calculated, and a recovery range of 91.42-99.14% was obtained for three consecutive runs. The sustainable, novel, zero waste hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology using the combination of two fixed-bed columns containing nitrate-selective resin for nitrate removal and novel HCIX-Fe0 for nitrate reduction to NH4+ may be a promising sustainable solution toward the goal of discharging zero nitrate waste to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Patra
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Antika Pranudta
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Chanlek
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Trung Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Technology, Engineering, and Environment, An Giang University, Long Xuyen City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hong Nhat
- Faculty of Technology, Engineering, and Environment, An Giang University, Long Xuyen City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Surapol Padungthon
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials & Membrane for Environmental Remediation (AFMER) Research Unit, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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4
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Pathway and mechanism study on improvement of N2 selectivity of catalytic denitrification. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Promoting interspecies hydrogen/electron transfer in Bio-PdNPs-mediated denitrification with the selectivity towards N2. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Nurlan N, Akmanova A, Hamid S, Lee W. Competitive inhibition of catalytic nitrate reduction over Cu-Pd-hematite by groundwater oxyanions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133331. [PMID: 34922954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of various oxyanions in the groundwater could be the main challenge for the successive application of Cu-Pd-hematite bimetallic catalyst to aqueous NO3- reduction due to the inhibition of its catalytic reactivity and alteration of product selectivity. The batch experiments showed that the reduction kinetics of NO3- was strongly suppressed by ClO4-, PO43-, BrO3- and SO32- at low concentrations (>5 mg/L) and HCO3-, CO32-, SO42- and Cl- at high concentrations (20-500 mg/L). The presence of anions significantly changing the end-product selectivities influenced high N2 selectivity. The selectivity toward N2 increased from 55% to 60%, 60%, and 70% as the concentrations of PO43-, SO32-, and SO42- increased, respectively. It decreased from 55% to 35% in the presence of HCO3- and CO32- in their concentration range of 0-500 mg/L. The production of NO2- was generally not detected, while the formation of NH4+ was observed as the second by-product. It was found that the presence of oxyanions in the NO3- reduction influenced the reactivity and selectivity of bimetallic catalysts by i) competing for active sites (PO43-, SO32-, and BrO3- cases) due to their similar structure, ii) blockage of the promoter and/or noble metal (HCO3-, CO32-, SO42-, Cl- and ClO4- cases), and iii) interaction with the support surface (PO43- case). The results can provide a new insight for the successful application of catalytic NO3- reduction technology with high N2 selectivity to the contaminated groundwater system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbek Nurlan
- Green Energy and Environmental Laboratory, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainash Akmanova
- Green Energy and Environmental Laboratory, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Shanawar Hamid
- Environmental Sustainability Research Center, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Woojin Lee
- Green Energy and Environmental Laboratory, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan.
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7
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Zhao F, Xin J, Yuan M, Wang L, Wang X. A critical review of existing mechanisms and strategies to enhance N 2 selectivity in groundwater nitrate reduction. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117889. [PMID: 34936974 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of nitrate (NO3-) in groundwater has become an environmental problem of general concern and requires immediate remediation because of adverse human and ecological impacts. NO3- removal from groundwater is conducted mainly by chemical, biological, and coupled methods, with the removal efficiency of NO3- considered the sole performance indicator. However, in addition to the harmless form of N2, the reduced NO3- could be transformed into other intermediates, such as nitrite (NO2-), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH4+), which may have direct or indirect negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, increasing N2 selectivity is a significant challenge in reducing NO3- in groundwater, which seriously impedes the large-scale implementation of available remediation technologies. In this work, we comprehensively overview the most recent advances in N2 selectivity regarding the understanding of emerging groundwater NO3- removal technologies. Mechanisms of by-product production and strategies to enhance the selective reduction of NO3- to N2 are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we proposed topics for further research and hope that the total environmental impacts of remediation schemes should be evaluated comprehensively by quantifying all potential intermediate products, and promising strategies should be further developed to enhance N2 selectivity, to improve the feasibility of related technologies in actual remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Mengjiao Yuan
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Litao Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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8
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Song N, Chen Z, Shi J, Shi D, Gu L. Performance and mechanism of chelating resin (TP-207) supported Pd/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles in selective reduction of nitrate by using ZVI (zero valent iron) as reductant. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Lan Y, Luo H, Ma Y, Hua Y, Liao T, Yang J. Synergy between copper and iron sites inside carbon nanofibers for superior electrocatalytic denitrification. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10108-10115. [PMID: 34060572 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01489g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing low-cost electrocatalysts for the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) with superior performance is of great significance for wastewater treatment. Herein, we synthesized bimetal Cu/Fe nanoparticles encased in N-doped carbon nanofibers (Cu/Fe@NCNFs) through simple electrospinning followed by a pyrolysis reduction strategy. Metallic copper is beneficial for reducing nitrate to nitrite, and the existence of Fe is conducive to convert nitrate and nitrite into nitrogen. Additionally, the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers also facilitate the adsorption of nitrate, and the continuous and complete fiber structure enhances the stability of the catalyst and prevents the corrosion of the active sites. Therefore, the synergetic effect of bimetal Cu/Fe and N-doped carbon fiber plays a key role in promoting the efficiency of nitrate reduction. The obtained Cu/Fe@NCNF catalyst exhibits a satisfactory nitrate conversion efficiency of 76%, removal capacity of 5686 mg N g-1 Cu/Fe and nitrogen selectivity of 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
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10
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Amoako-Nimako GK, Yang X, Chen F. Denitrification using permeable reactive barriers with organic substrate or zero-valent iron fillers: controlling mechanisms, challenges, and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21045-21064. [PMID: 33728604 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate as a diffusive agricultural contaminant has been causing substantial groundwater quality deterioration worldwide. In situ groundwater remediation techniques using permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have attracted increasing interest. Particularly, PRBs based on biological denitrification, using the organic substrate as a biostimulator, and chemical nitrate reduction, using zero-valent iron (ZVI) as a reductant, are two major PRB approaches for groundwater denitrification. This review paper analyzed the published studies over the past 10 years (2010-2020) using laboratory, modeling, and field-scale approaches to explore the performance and mechanisms of these two types of PRBs. Important factors affecting the denitrification efficiencies as well as the influential mechanisms were discussed. Several research gaps have been identified and further research needs are discussed in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kwame Amoako-Nimako
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Xinyao Yang
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China.
| | - Fangmin Chen
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
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Wang Z, Chen G, Wang X, Yang G, Liu Y, Zhang C. Performance of L-Cu&Mn-nZVFe@B nanomaterial on nitrate selective reduction under UV irradiation and persulfate activation in the presence of oxalic acid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123378. [PMID: 32659583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanomaterial (L-Cu&Mn-nZVFe@B) was synthesized and was applied to nitrate selective reduction under UV irradiation and persulfate activation in the presence of oxalic acid. Results denoted the deposition of copper could prompt the nitrate conversion and improve the nitrate conversion significantly. The high nitrate conversion was on account of the formation of galvanic cells accelerating the generation of electrons, in which Fe° acted as anode and Cu° acted as cathode. Meanwhile, the coexistence of Cu2O and MnO2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance with the obvious improvement of N2 selectivity because of the formation of heterojunction could boost the generation of CO2-. Furthermore, the deposition of manganese could also accelerate the generation of CO2- through the activation of persulfate. The conversion of NO3- was almost 100 % and the N2 selectivity could reach 81.57 % by the S2O82-/UV/L-Cu&Mn-nZVFe@B/H2C2O4 system when the initial nitrate concentration was 100 mg /L, the L-Cu&Mn-nZVFe@B dosage was 6.0 g/L, the H2C2O4 dosage was 15 mmol/L, pH was 5.0, the reaction time was 100 min under 25 °C. Research provides an alternative approach for selective reduction nitrate into nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353, PR China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250022, PR China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, 250353, PR China
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12
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Wang B, An B, Liu Y, Chen J, Zhou J. Selective reduction of nitrate into nitrogen at neutral pH range by iron/copper bimetal coupled with formate/ferric ion and ultraviolet radiation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Song N, Xu J, Cao Y, Xia F, Zhai J, Ai H, Shi D, Gu L, He Q. Chemical removal and selectivity reduction of nitrate from water by (nano) zero-valent iron/activated carbon micro-electrolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125986. [PMID: 32006831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The processes of (n)ZVI/AC((nano)zero valent iron/activated carbon)micro-electrolysis were applied for nitrate removal from groundwater, aiming to reduce nitrate to N2, an environmentally friendly end product. (n)ZVI was utilized and combined with selected commercial AC to form the micro-electrolysis. Effect of different operational parameters, including reductant dosage, (n)ZVI/AC ratios, and reaction pH, on nitrate and TN removal were cleared. The results showed that nZVI presents higher reaction activities than ZVI in micro-electrolysis. With the increase of the (n)ZVI/AC mass ration from 1:2 to 2:1, the TN removal increased from 16.8% to 38.9%, then declined with the further increase of the ratio. The nitrate removal was negatively correlated with the initial pH of the solution. Compared to ZVI particles, even with a lower dosage, nZVI presented 100% nitrate removal at acidic and neutral pH conditions, and TN removal could maintain higher than 35% with pH lower than 9.0. A kinetic model was also established to explain the pathways of nitrate removal, and the results indicated that AC not only enriched nitrate as an adsorbent but also present highly potential in catalytic converting nitrate to N2. The technique presented great potentials in removing nitrate from water and a promising application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfan Song
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 66 Xuefu Avenue, Chongqing, 400074, PR China
| | - Fan Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jun Zhai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hainan Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Dezhi Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Gong X, Liu Y, Wang B, Yang W, Fan L, Liu Y. Nitrate reduction via micro-electrolysis on Zn-Ag bimetal combined with photo-assistance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:89-97. [PMID: 31129334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A selective and efficient chemical reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas using micro-electrolysis on ZnAg combined with a photo-assisted reduction in the presence of formic acid was investigated. The 99.58% removal of nitrate, 0.073 min-1 of rate constant and 94.3% nitrogen selectivity were achieved in Zn-Ag/hv/HCOOH system under the initial pH 2.5, 13.8 mmol/L of formic acid and 60 g/L of Zn-0.06%Ag dose at 60 min. The Zn-Ag/hv/HCOOH system had the highest removal rate and nitrogen selectivity for nitrate reduction compared with the alone or two combinations of ZnAg bimetals, formic acid, and UV-A. Furthermore, the co-existence anions of HCO3- and CO32- showed a negative effect on nitrate reduction while SO42- had slightly promoted the reduction process. During the nitrate reduction by Zn-Ag/hv/HCOOH process, rapid reduction of NO3- to NO2- was primarily caused by ZnAg bimetal. Subsequently, the conversion of NO2- to N2 was mainly owing to the produced CO2- by the reaction of formic acid and UV-A. The results suggested a novel strategy of chemical reduction combined with photoreduction for denitrification with high reaction kinetic as well as high nitrogen gas selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Gong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China; Key Laboratory of Special Waste Water Treatment, Sichuan Province Higher Education System, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China.
| | - Yanlan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Bingqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Lu Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China; Key Laboratory of Special Waste Water Treatment, Sichuan Province Higher Education System, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China; Key Laboratory of Special Waste Water Treatment, Sichuan Province Higher Education System, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China.
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15
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Zhao Y, Wang T, Wang Y, Hao R, Wang H, Han Y. Catalytic reduction of CO2 to HCO2− by nanoscale nickel-based bimetallic alloy under atmospheric pressure. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu Y, Wang J. Reduction of nitrate by zero valent iron (ZVI)-based materials: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:388-403. [PMID: 30933795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zero valent iron (ZVI) and ZVI-based materials have been widely used for the reduction of nitrate, a major contaminant commonly detected in groundwater and surface water. The reduction of nitrate by ZVI is influenced by various factors, such as the physical and chemical characteristics of ZVI and the operational parameters. There are some problems for the nitrate reduction by ZVI alone, for example, the formation of iron oxides on the surface of ZVI at high pH condition, which will inhibit the further reduction of nitrate; in addition, the end reduction product is mainly ammonium, which itself needs to be concerned. Several strategies, such as the optimization of the structure of ZVI composites and the addition of reducing assistants, have been proposed to increase the reduction efficiency and the selectivity of end product of nitrate reduction in a wide range of pH, especially under neutral pH condition. This review will mainly focus on the high efficient reduction of nitrate by ZVI-based materials. Firstly, the reduction of nitrate by ZVI alone was briefly introduced and discussed, including the influence of physical and chemical characteristics of ZVI and some operational parameters on the reduction efficiency of nitrate. Then, the strategies for enhancing the reduction efficiency and the N2 selectivity of the reductive products of nitrate were systematically analyzed and evaluated, especially the optimization of the structure of ZVI composites (e.g., doped ZVI composite, supported ZVI composite and premagnetized ZVI), and the addition of reducing assistants (e.g., metal cations, ligand, hydrogen gas and light) were highlighted. Thirdly, the mechanisms and pathways of nitrate reduction were discussed. Finally, concluding remarks and some suggestions for the future research were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Liu Y, Gong X, Yang W, Wang B, Yang Z, Liu Y. Selective Reduction of Nitrate into Nitrogen Using Cu/Fe Bimetal Combined with Sodium Sulfite. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Xiaobo Gong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Waste Water Treatment, Sichuan Province Higher Education System, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Bingqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Waste Water Treatment, Sichuan Province Higher Education System, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
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18
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Hu Z, Li D, Deng S, Liu Y, Ma C, Zhang C. Combination with catalyzed Fe(0)-carbon microelectrolysis and activated carbon adsorption for advanced reclaimed water treatment: simultaneous nitrate and biorefractory organics removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5693-5703. [PMID: 30612352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A process combining catalyzed Fe(0)-carbon microelectrolysis (IC-ME) with activated carbon (AC) adsorption was developed for advanced reclaimed water treatment. Simultaneous nitrate reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were achieved, and the effects of composite catalyst (CC) addition, AC addition, and initial pH were investigated. The reaction kinetics and reaction mechanisms were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that CC addition could enhance the reduction rate of nitrate and effectively inhibit the production of ammonia. Moreover, AC addition increased the adsorption capacity of biorefractory organic compounds (BROs) and enhanced the degradation of BRO. The reduction of NO3--N at different pH values was consistently greater than 96.9%, and NH4+-N was suppressed by high pH. The presence of CC ensured the reaction rate of IC-ME at high pH. The reaction kinetics orders and constants were calculated. Catalyzed iron scrap (IS)-AC showed much better nitrate reduction and BRO degradation performances than IS-AC and AC. The IC-ME showed great potential for application to nitrate and BRO reduction in reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Desheng Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shihai Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Changyue Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Wu P, Wang F. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate via Cu/Ni composite cathode paired with Ir-Ru/Ti anode: High efficiency and N2 selectivity. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu H, Chen Z, Guan Y, Xu S. Role and application of iron in water treatment for nitrogen removal: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 204:51-62. [PMID: 29653322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to have a review on the role of iron in water treatment for the guidance towards the selection of appropriate processes, content of iron, and application conditions, as there are few reviews available at present and the systematic information is lacking for both researchers and engineers. The objectives of this review are to summarize the state of arts with respect to iron applied in nitrogen removal, discuss chemical and biological or bio-chemical combined nitrogen removal pathways and processes coupled with iron, and to reveal reaction mechanisms as well as providing references or even solutions to pertinent the practical engineering application of nitrate removal coupling with iron. The following information have been summarized and discussed in details: (1) iron based materials with varieties of preparations and forms, (2) major coupling ways of nitrogen removal methods or processes with iron application, (3) chemical reaction equations about a variety of chemical and biological or bio-chemical combined processes and the main mechanisms. In addition, challenges and/or drawbacks during the nitrogen removal processes will also be discussed in this paper, which is aimed to seek better practical engineering applications of nitrate removal coupling with iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zihua Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongnian Guan
- Qingyuan-Hong Kong & China Water Co. LTD, 215000, Suzhou China
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093, Shanghai, China.
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Fan J, Xu H, Lv M, Wang J, Teng W, Ran X, Gou X, Wang X, Sun Y, Yang J. Mesoporous carbon confined palladium–copper alloy composites for high performance nitrogen selective nitrate reduction electrocatalysis. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A mesoporous carbon confined PdCu bimetallic electrocatalyst is fabricated, which delivers a superior nitrate conversion yield and nitrogen selectivity.
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22
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Lubphoo Y, Chyan J, Grisdanurak N, Liao C. Influence of Pd–Cu on nanoscale zero–valent iron supported for selective reduction of nitrate. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ren Y, Zhou J, Lai B, Tang W, Zeng Y. Fe0 and Fe0 fully covered with Cu0 (Fe0 + Fe/Cu) in a fixed bed reactor for nitrate removal. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a cost-effective, feasible and robust technology for nitrate removal by chemical degradation, a Fe0 and Fe0 fully covered with Cu0 (i.e., Fe0 + Fe/Cu) fixed reactor was set up in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Architecture and Environment
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jinfan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Architecture and Environment
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Bo Lai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Architecture and Environment
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Architecture and Environment
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Architecture and Environment
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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