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Nazir A, Qamar A, Rafique MS, Murtaza G, Arshad T, Muneeb A, Jabeen K, Mujtaba MA, Fayaz H, Saleel CA. Enhanced thermal conductivity of plasma generated ZnO-MgO based hybrid nanofluids: An experimental study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26396. [PMID: 38404828 PMCID: PMC10884918 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) of metallic oxide-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared in different basefluids (BFs) employing the thermal plasma technique. NPs of ZnO-MgO were directly dispersed into pristine coolant, engine oil, distilled water (DW), and coconut oil. Plasma was generated between two identical electrodes applying 8.0 kV at the ambient conditions and proved economically viable in preparing stable HNFs. X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) showed ZnO and MgO NPs possessed hexagonal and cubic crystal structures, respectively. The band gap is calculated through UV-visible spectroscopy. The thermal conductivity (TC) of the HNFs has been measured using a thermal conductivity analyzer based on the transient hot wire method. The band gaps of pristine coolant and its HNFs were obtained to be 3.35 eV and 3.33 eV, respectively. In engine oil and its HNFs, band gaps of 3.16 eV and 3.02 eV have been extracted. There appears to be a slight reduction in band gap for coolant and engine oil-based HNFs. The band gap value of coconut oil-based HNFs was 4.05 eV, which showed a higher value than the pristine coconut oil-based HNFs (3.95 eV). The band gap calculated in the case of DW-based HNFs was 3.79 eV. TC of HNFs with volume concentration of 0.019 % for DW, 0.020 % for coolant, 0.016 % for engine oil, and 0.017 % for coconut oil were tested between 20 and 60 °C. An increase in TC was observed with the rise in temperature of the HNFs. Maximum increment in TC was observed at 60 °C for coolant-based HNFs, which was 19 %, followed by DW (18%), coconut oil (18%), and engine oil (16%), respectively. DW-based HNFs can be used as a coolant and optical filter for optoelectronics devices like photovoltaic cells for better performance. The study underscores precise control of NPs size as pivotal for band gap influence. HNFs hold promise as the next-gen heat transfer fluids (HTFs), revolutionizing thermal conductivity across industries. This research lays a firm foundation for plasma-synthesized HNFs' application in enhanced heat transfer and optoelectronic devices. Coolant-based HNFs excel in thermal conductivity, addressing heat transfer challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Nazir
- Laser and Optronics Centre, Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Qamar
- Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, New Campus, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Rafique
- Laser and Optronics Centre, Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Laser and Optronics Centre, Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Arshad
- Laser and Optronics Centre, Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Muneeb
- Laser and Optronics Centre, Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Jabeen
- Department of Mathematics, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| | - M A Mujtaba
- Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, New Campus, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Fayaz
- Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - C Ahamed Saleel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Fayaz U, Manzoor S, Dar AH, Dash KK, Bashir I, Pandey VK, Usmani Z. Advances of nanofluid in food processing: Preparation, thermophysical properties, and applications. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112954. [PMID: 37316046 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluids (NFs) are homogenous mixes of solid nanoparticles as well as base fluid in which the size of the solid nanoparticles (NPs) is smaller than 100 nm. These solid NPs are intended to enhance the thermophysical characteristics and heat transmission attributes of the base fluid. The thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids are influenced by their density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. These colloidal solutions of nanofluids include condensed nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanowires, nanosheets, and nanorods. The effectiveness of NF is significantly influenced by temperature, shape, size, type, as well as the concentration of NPs or the thermal characteristics of the base fluid. Compared to oxide NPs, metal NPs have superior thermal conductivity. Many of these investigations revealed that hybrid NFs had enhanced thermal conductivity than traditional ones. Thermal conductivity values are reduced by the formation of clusters in nanofluid. When compared to spherically formed nanoparticles, cylindrically shaped nanoparticles produced superior outcomes. In food industries, NFs could be used in various unit operations where heat needs to be transported from a heating or cooling medium to food product using a heat exchanger, as in freezing, pasteurization, refrigeration, drying, thawing, sterilization, and evaporation. The objective of this review is to analyze the recent developments in the research of nanofluids including innovative production methods, stability assessment, enhancement approaches, and thermophysical properties of nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufaq Fayaz
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, India
| | - Sobiya Manzoor
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, India
| | - Aamir Hussain Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology Kashmir, India.
| | - Kshirod K Dash
- Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology Malda, West Bengal, India.
| | - Iqra Bashir
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Axis Institute of Higher Education, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Syam Sundar L, Shaik F, Basheer Ahmed MJ. Figures-of-Merit Analysis Using the Thermophysical Properties of Water and Ethylene Glycol Based Reduced Graphene Oxide/Nanodiamond Hybrid Nanofluids. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2023.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The water and ethylene glycol based stable rGO/nanodiamond hybrid nanofluids were prepared and used for thermophysical properties analysis. The thermophysical properties were measured experimentally at various particle loadings from 0.2% to 1.0% and various temperatures ranging from
20 to 60 °C. From the measured thermophysical properties the figures-of-merit were analyzed by assuming constant heat flux and turbulent boundary conditions by using different models, and also by assuming the hybrid nanofluids flows through a tube. Results indicate that the thermal conductivity
of water and ethylene glycol based hybrid nanofluids at Φ = 1.0% vol. is enhanced about 27.87% and 18.8% at 60 °C; viscosity of water and ethylene glycol based hybrid nanofluids at Φ = 1.0% vol. is also enhanced by 72.15% and 86.62% compared to their base fluids
at 20 °C. The density is also increased with an increase of particle loadings, whereas, the specific heat is decreased with a rise of particle loadings. Experimental thermophysical properties are fitted into regression equations by using multi linear regression method. The figures-of-merit
of all the prepared hybrid nanofluids show its value is less than one under the used particle loadings and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Syam Sundar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feroz Shaik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
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Vicki Wanatasanappan V, Kumar Kanti P, Sharma P, Husna N, Abdullah M. Viscosity and rheological behavior of Al2O3-Fe2O3/water-EG based hybrid nanofluid: A new correlation based on mixture ratio. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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A Review on Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Applications for Convection in Cavities under Magnetic Field. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is about non-Newtonian nanofluid applications for convection in cavities under a magnetic field. Convection in cavities is an important topic in thermal energy system, and diverse applications exist in processes such as drying, chemical processing, electronic cooling, air conditioning, removal of contaminates, power generation and many others. Some problems occur in symmetrical phenomena, while they can be applicable to applied mathematics, physics and thermal engineering systems. First, brief information about nanofluids and non-Newtonian fluids is given. Then, non-Newtonian nanofluids and aspects of rheology of non-Newtonian fluids are presented. The thermal conductivity/viscosity of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids are discussed. Applications of non-Newtonian nanofluids with magnetohydrodynamic effects are given. Different applications of various vented cavities are discussed under combined effects of using nanofluid and magnetic field for Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanofluids. The gap in the present literature and future trends are discussed. The results summarized here will be beneficial for efficient design and thermal optimization of vented cavity systems used in diverse energy system applications.
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Sepehrnia M, Lotfalipour M, Malekiyan M, Karimi M, Farahani SD. Rheological Behavior of SAE50 Oil-SnO 2-CeO 2 Hybrid Nanofluid: Experimental Investigation and Modeling Utilizing Response Surface Method and Machine Learning Techniques. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:117. [PMID: 36480098 PMCID: PMC9732181 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, the effects of temperature and nanopowder volume fraction (NPSVF) on the viscosity and the rheological behavior of SAE50-SnO2-CeO2 hybrid nanofluid have been studied experimentally. Nanofluids in NPSVFs of 0.25% to 1.5% have been made by a two-step method. Experiments have been performed at temperatures of 25 to 67 °C and shear rates (SRs) of 1333 to 2932.6 s-1. The results revealed that for base fluid and nanofluid, shear stress increases with increasing SR and decreasing temperature. By increasing the temperature to about 42 °C at a NPSVF of 1.5%, about 89.36% reduction in viscosity is observed. The viscosity increases with increasing NPSVF about 37.18% at 25 °C. In all states, a non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic behavior has been observed for the base fluid and nanofluid. The highest relative viscosity occurs for NPSVF = 1.5%, temperature = 25 °C and SR = 2932.6 s-1, which increases the viscosity by 37.18% compared to the base fluid. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the highest sensitivity is related to temperature and the lowest sensitivity is related to SR. Response surface method, curve fitting method, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and Gaussian process regression (GPR) have been used to predict the dynamic viscosity. Based on the results, all four models can predict the dynamic viscosity. However, the GPR model has better performance than the other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Sepehrnia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahabdanesh University, Qom, Iran.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University, Qom, Iran.
| | | | - Mahdi Malekiyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahabdanesh University, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahsa Karimi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Okafor AA, Mgbemena CO, Oreko BU. Preparation, Characterization, Stability and Thermophysical Properties of Bio, Non-Bio (Metallic and Non-Metallic) and Hybrids Nanofluids: A Review. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2022.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Traditional heat transfer base fluids, such as ethylene glycol, ethanol, kerosene, oil, methanol, water etc. are normally used to enhance the heat transfer performance in many industrial applications. These traditional heat transfer fluids have many limitations. One of the limitations
is the poor thermophysical properties of each of the base fluids and this results in a lower heat transfer rate in Thermal Engineering systems. Nanofluids are considered a new generation heat transfer fluid with higher thermal conductivity. Nanofluids have enhanced thermophysical properties
compared to single-phase traditional heat transfer fluids. This paper highlights detailed reviews of the various methods of preparation, characterization, stability and thermophysical properties of bio, non-bio and hybrids nanofluids. Thermophysical properties such as density, viscosity, thermal
conductivity and specific heat capacity from different works of literature were summarized, discussed and presented. There are many different parameters to be considered while investigating the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Density and specific heat capacity are strongly dependent
on the material type while the viscosity and thermal conductivity are highly affected by temperature and concentration. The most influential parameters on thermophysical properties of nanofluids are material type and temperature. The majority of the literature revealed that bio nanofluids
have low viscosity values and hybrids have high thermal conductivity values. The novelty of this review paper is the presentation of the various methods of synthesizing, characterization, stability and factors affecting the thermophysical properties of metallic, non-metallic and hybrid nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Amaechi Okafor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, 420007, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chinedum Ogonna Mgbemena
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, 330102, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Ufuoma Oreko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, 330102, Delta State, Nigeria
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Teh JL, Walvekar R, Nagarajan T, Said Z, Khalid M, Mubarak NM. A review on the properties and tribological performance of recent non-aqueous miscible lubricants. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Muhamad Azim M, Arifutzzaman A, Saidur R, Khandaker M, Bradley D. Recent progress in emerging hybrid nanomaterials towards the energy storage and heat transfer applications: A review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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A Perspective Review on Thermal Conductivity of Hybrid Nanofluids and Their Application in Automobile Radiator Cooling. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2187932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanofluids developed with the fusion or suspension of two or more different nanoparticles in a mixture as a novel heat transfer fluid are currently of interest to researchers due to their proven better measured thermal conductivities. Several reviewed articles exist on the thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids, a vital property for which the heat transfer rate is directly dependent. This review aims to understand the current developments in hybrid nanofluids and their applications. An extensive literature survey was carried out of heuristic-based articles published in the last 15 years. The review reiterates topical research on the preparation methods and ways to improve the stability of readied fluid, thermophysical properties of mixture nanofluids, and some empirical correlations developed for estimating thermal conductivity. Hybrid nanofluid studies on heat transfer performance in automobile radiator cooling systems were also obtained and discussed. The review’s significant findings include the following: (1) hybrid nanofluids produce a noticeable thermal conductivity enhancement and a relatively higher heat transfer coefficient than mono nanofluids and regular liquids. Furthermore, through the uniform dispersion and stable suspension of nanoparticles in the host liquids, the maximum possible thermal augmentation can be obtained at the lowest possible concentrations (by <0.1% by volume). (2) An automobile radiator’s overall heat transfer accomplishment can thus be boosted by using a mixture of nanofluids as conventional coolants. Up-to-date literature results on the thermal conductivity enhancement of mixture fluids are also presented in this study. Nonetheless, some of the barriers and challenges acknowledged in this work must be addressed for its complete deployment in modern applications.
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Mohammed Zayan J, Rasheed AK, John A, Khalid M, Ismail AF, Aabid A, Baig M. Investigation on Rheological Properties of Water-Based Novel Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids Using Experimental and Taguchi Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:28. [PMID: 35009170 PMCID: PMC8746154 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the rheological behavior of water-based GO-TiO2-Ag and rGO-TiO2-Ag ternary-hybrid nanofluids. The impact of nanoparticles' volumetric concentration and temperature on the rheological properties were studied. All experiments were performed under temperatures ranging from 25 to 50 °C in the solid volume concentration range of 0.5-0.00005%. The data optimization technique was adopted using the Taguchi method. The types of nanomaterials, concentration, temperature, and shear rate were chosen to optimize the viscosity and shear stress. The effect of shear stress, angular sweep, frequency sweep, and damping factor ratio is plotted. The experimental results demonstrated that the rheological properties of the ternary hybrid nanofluid depend on the ternary hybrid nanofluid's temperature. The viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNf) change by 40% for GO-TiO2-Ag and 33% for rGO-TiO2-Ag when temperature and shear rates are increased. All the ternary hybrid nanofluids demonstrated non-Newtonian behavior at lower concentrations and higher shear stress, suggesting a potential influence of nanoparticle aggregation on the viscosity. The dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluid increased with enhancing solid particles' volume concentration and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Mohammed Zayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.M.Z.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Abdul Khaliq Rasheed
- Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Akbar John
- Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies (INOCEM), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Faris Ismail
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.M.Z.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Abdul Aabid
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muneer Baig
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
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Rasheed T, Hussain T, Anwar MT, Ali J, Rizwan K, Bilal M, Alshammari FH, Alwadai N, Almuslem AS. Hybrid Nanofluids as Renewable and Sustainable Colloidal Suspensions for Potential Photovoltaic/Thermal and Solar Energy Applications. Front Chem 2021; 9:737033. [PMID: 34646812 PMCID: PMC8503614 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.737033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparative utilization of solar thermal or photovoltaic systems has significantly increased to fulfill the requirement of electricity and heat since few decades. These hybrid systems produce both thermal and electrical energy simultaneously. In recent times, increasing interest is being redirected by researchers in exploiting variety of nanoparticles mixed with miscellaneous base fluids (hybrid nanofluid) for these hybrid systems. This new class of colloidal suspensions has many fascinating advantages as compared to conventional types of nanofluids because of their modified and superior rheological and thermophysical properties which makes them appealing for solar energy devices. Here, we have attempted to deliver an extensive overview of the synthetic methodologies of hybrid nanofluids and their potential in PV/T and solar thermal energy systems. A detailed comparison between conventional types of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids has been carried out to present in-depth understanding of the advantages of the hybrid nanofluids. The documented reports reveal that enhanced thermal properties of hybrid nanofluids promise the increased performance of solar thermal PV/T systems. Additionally, the unique properties such as nanoparticles concentration and type of base fluid, etc. greatly influence the behavior of hybrid nanofluidic systems. Finally, the outlook, suggestions, and challenges for future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Hussain
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tuoqeer Anwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Jazib Ali
- Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Fwzah H Alshammari
- Department of Physics, University of Hafr Al Batin (UHB), Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Alwadai
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Saleh Almuslem
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Nfawa SR, Abu Talib AR, Basri AA, Masuri SU. Novel use of MgO nanoparticle additive for enhancing the thermal conductivity of CuO/water nanofluid. CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING 2021; 27:101279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2021.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abstract
Applying nanomaterials and nanotechnology in lubrication has become increasingly popular and important to further reduce the friction and wear in engineering applications. To achieve green manufacturing and its sustainable development, water-based nanolubricants are emerging as promising alternatives to the traditional oil-containing lubricants that inevitably pose environmental issues when burnt and discharged. This review presents an overview of recent advances in water-based nanolubricants, starting from the preparation of the lubricants using different types of nanoadditives, followed by the techniques to evaluate and enhance their dispersion stability, and the commonly used tribo-testing methods. The lubrication mechanisms and models are discussed with special attention given to the roles of the nanoadditives. Finally, the applications of water-based nanolubricants in metal rolling are summarised, and the outlook for future research directions is proposed.
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Rubbi F, Das L, Habib K, Aslfattahi N, Saidur R, Alam SU. A comprehensive review on advances of oil-based nanofluids for concentrating solar thermal collector application. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tripathi J, Vasu B, Subba Reddy Gorla R, Chamkha AJ, Murthy PVSN, Anwar Bég O. Blood Flow Mediated Hybrid Nanoparticles in Human Arterial System: Recent Research, Development and Applications. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2021.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow dynamics contributes an elemental part in the formation and expansion of cardiovascular diseases in human body. Computational simulation of blood flow in the human arterial system has been widely used in recent decades for better understanding the symptomatic spectrum of
various diseases, in order to improve already existing or develop new therapeutic techniques. The characteristics of the blood flow in an artery can be changed significantly by arterial diseases, such as aneurysms and stenoses. The progress of atherosclerosis or stenosis in a blood vessel
is quite common which may be caused due to the addition of lipids in the arterial wall. Nanofluid is a colloidal mixture of nanometer sized (which ranges from 10–100 m) metallic and non-metallic particles in conventional fluid (such as water, oil). The delivery of nanoparticles is an
interesting and growing field in the development of diagnostics and remedies for blood flow complications. An enhancement of nano-drug delivery performance in biological systems, nanoparticles properties such as size, shape and surface characteristics can be regulated. Nanoparticle offers
remarkably advantages over the traditional drug delivery in terms of high specificity, high stability, high drug carrying capacity, ability for controlled release. Highly dependency has been found for their behavior under blood flow while checking for their ability to target and penetrate
tissues from the blood. In the field of nano-medicine, organic (including polymeric micelles and vesicles, liposomes) and inorganic (gold and mesoporous silica, copper) nanoparticles have been broadly studied as particular carriers because as drug delivery systems they delivered a surprising
achievement as a result of their biocompatibility with tissue and cells, their subcellular size, decreased toxicity and sustained release properties. For the extension of nanofluids research, the researchers have also tried to use hybrid nanofluid recently, which is synthesized by suspending
dissimilar nanoparticles either in mixture or composite form. The main idea behind using the hybrid nanofluid is to further improve the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. Nanoparticles are helpful as drug carriers to minimize the effects of resistance impedance to blood flow
or coagulation factors due to stenosis. Discussed various robust approaches have been employed for the nanoparticle transport through blood in arterial system. The main objective of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review of computational simulations of blood flow containing hybrid-nanoparticles
as drug carriers in the arterial system of the human body. The recent developments and analysis of convective flow of particle-fluid suspension models for the axi-symmetric arterial bodies in hemodynamics are summarized. Detailed existing mathematical models for simulating blood flow with
nanoparticles in stenotic regions are reviewed. The review focuses on selected numerical simulations of physiological convective flows under various stenosis approximations and computation of the temperature, velocity, resistance impedance to flow, wall shear stress and the pressure gradient
with the corresponding boundary conditions. The current review also highlights that the drug carrier nanoparticles are efficient mechanisms for reducing hemodynamics of stenosis and could be helpful for other biomedical applications. The review considers flows through various stenoses and
the significances of numerical fluid mechanics in clinical medicine. The review examines nano-drug delivery systems, nanoparticles and describes recent computational simulations of nano-pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, U.P., India
| | - B. Vasu
- Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, U.P., India
| | - Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, 45433, USA
| | - Ali J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
| | - P. V. S. N. Murthy
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - O. Anwar Bég
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Salford University, Salford, M54WT, UK
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Experimental Research and Development on the Natural Convection of Suspensions of Nanoparticles-A Comprehensive Review. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091855. [PMID: 32948081 PMCID: PMC7559740 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Suspensions of nanoparticles, widely known as nanofluids, are considered as advanced heat transfer media for thermal management and conversion systems. Research on their convective thermal transport is of paramount importance for their applications in such systems such as heat exchangers and solar collectors. This paper presents experimental research on the natural convection heat transfer performances of nanofluids in different geometries from thermal management and conversion perspectives. Experimental results and available experiment-derived correlations for the natural thermal convection of nanofluids are critically analyzed. Other features such as nanofluid preparation, stability evaluation and thermophysical properties of nanofluids that are important for this thermal transfer feature are also briefly reviewed and discussed. Additionally, techniques (active and passive) employed for enhancing the thermo-convection of nanofluids in different geometries are highlighted and discussed. Hybrid nanofluids are featured in this work as the newest class of nanofluids, with particular focuses on the thermophysical properties and natural convection heat transfer performance in enclosures. It is demonstrated that there has been a lack of accurate stability evaluation given the inconsistencies of available results on these properties and features of nanofluids. Although nanofluids exhibit enhanced thermophysical properties such as viscosity and thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer coefficients were observed to deteriorate in some cases when nanofluids were used, especially for nanoparticle concentrations of more than 0.1 vol.%. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature results, and the underlying mechanisms are also not yet well-understood despite their great importance for practical applications.
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Numerical modeling for nanomaterial behavior in a solar unit analyzing entropy generation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Thermal Performance of Hybrid-Inspired Coolant for Radiator Application. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061100. [PMID: 32498258 PMCID: PMC7353276 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand in industrial application, nanofluids have attracted the considerable attention of researchers in recent decades. The addition of nanocellulose (CNC) with water (W) and ethylene glycol (EG) to a coolant for a radiator application exhibits beneficial properties to improve the efficiency of the radiator. The focus of the present work was to investigate the performance of mono or hybrid metal oxide such as Al2O3 and TiO2 with or without plant base-extracted CNC with varying concentrations as a better heat transfer nanofluid in comparison to distilled water as a radiator coolant. The CNC is dispersed in the base fluid of EG and W with a 60:40 ratio. The highest absorption peak was noticed at 0.9% volume concentration of TiO2, Al2O3, CNC, Al2O3/TiO2, and Al2O3/CNC nanofluids which indicates a better stability of the nanofluids’ suspension. Better thermal conductivity improvement was observed for the Al2O3 nanofluids in all mono nanofluids followed by the CNC and TiO2 nanofluids, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the Al2O3/CNC hybrid nanofluids with 0.9% volume concentration was found to be superior than that of the Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nanofluids. Al2O3/CNC hybrid nanofluid dominates over other mono and hybrid nanofluids in terms of viscosity at all volume concentrations. CNC nanofluids (all volume concentrations) exhibited the highest specific heat capacity than other mono nanofluids. Additionally, in both hybrid nanofluids, Al2O3/CNC showed the lowest specific heat capacity. The optimized volume concentration from the statistical analytical tool was found to be 0.5%. The experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer, Reynolds number and the Nusselt number have a proportional relationship with the volumetric flow rate. Hybrid nanofluids exhibit better thermal conductivity than mono nanofluids. For instance, a better thermal conductivity improvement was shown by the mono Al2O3 nanofluids than the CNC and TiO2 nanofluids. On the other hand, superior thermal conductivity was observed for the Al2O3/CNC hybrid nanofluids compared to the other mono and hybrid ones (Al2O3/TiO2).
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Thermal Conductivity Modeling of Nanofluids Contain MgO Particles by Employing Different Approaches. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of solid-phase nanoparticles remarkably improves the thermal conductivity of the fluids. The enhancement in this property of the nanofluids is affected by different items such as the solid-phase volume fraction and dimensions, temperature, etc. In the current paper, three different mathematical models, including polynomial correlation, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), and Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), are applied to forecast the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing MgO particles. The inputs of the model are the base fluid thermal conductivity, volume concentration, and average dimension of solid-phase, and nanofluids’ temperature. Comparing the proposed models revealed higher confidence of GMDH in estimating the thermal conductivity, which is attributed to its complicated structure and more appropriate consideration of the input’s interaction. The values of R-squared for the correlation, MARS, and GMDH are 0.9949, 0.9952, and 0.9991, respectively. In addition, based on the sensitivity analysis, the effect of thermal conductivity of the base fluid on the overall thermal conductivity of nanofluids is more remarkable compared with the other inputs such as volume fraction, temperature, and dimensions of the particles which are used as the inputs of the models.
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Rehman WU, Merican ZMA, Bhat AH, Hoe BG, Sulaimon AA, Akbarzadeh O, Khan MS, Mukhtar A, Saqib S, Hameed A, Mellon N, Ullah H, Ullah S, Assiri MA. Synthesis, characterization, stability and thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and eco-friendly jatropha seed oil based nanofluid: An experimental investigation and modeling approach. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Fluids and lubricants are critical for the mechanical manufacturing processing of metals, due to a high amount of friction generated, also reflected as heat, could wear and damage tooling and machine components. The proper application of lubricants increases machinery lifetime, decreases long-term costs, and energy and time consumption due to the maintenance or components exchange/repairs. Besides being non-renewable, mineral oils bring consequences to the environment due to their low biodegradability and could affect the user with respiratory and skin diseases. Recently, due to an increase in environmental awareness, the search of biocompatible and efficient lubricants has become a technology goal. The vegetable oil-based lubricants are slowly emerging as ecofriendly and high-performance alternatives to petroleum-based lubricants. This study evaluates soybean, sunflower, corn and paraffinic oils reinforced with SiO2 nanoparticles. The thermal and tribological evaluations were performed varying the temperature and nanofiller concentrations. The thermal conductivity improvements were observed for all nanolubricants as the temperature and filler fraction increased. The highest thermal conductivities were observed at 323 K with 0.25 wt % SiO2. The soybean and corn oils unveiled a maximum enhancement of ~11%. The tribological evaluations showed that SiO2 addition, even in small concentration, resulted into a significant improvement on a load-carrying capacity. For instance, at 0.25 wt % enhancements of 45% and 60% were observed for soybean and sunflower oils, respectively. The coefficient of friction performance also showed enhancements between 10% and 26%.
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Ahmadi MH, Mirlohi A, Alhuyi Nazari M, Ghasempour R. A review of thermal conductivity of various nanofluids. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Measuring the viscosity of Fe3O4-MWCNTs/EG hybrid nanofluid for evaluation of thermal efficiency: Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Das PK. A review based on the effect and mechanism of thermal conductivity of normal nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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