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Kour B, Shukla N, Bhargava H, Sharma D, Sharma A, Singh A, Valadi J, Sadasukhi TC, Vuree S, Suravajhala P. Identification of Plausible Candidates in Prostate Cancer Using Integrated Machine Learning Approaches. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:287-306. [PMID: 38235353 PMCID: PMC10790336 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029240239231109082805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is commonly used as a prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker. PSA is linked to some factors that frequently lead to erroneous positive results or even needless biopsies of elderly people. Objectives In this pilot study, we undermined the potential genes and mutations from several databases and checked whether or not any putative prognostic biomarkers are central to the annotation. The aim of the study was to develop a risk prediction model that could help in clinical decision-making. Methods An extensive literature review was conducted, and clinical parameters for related comorbidities, such as diabetes, obesity, as well as PCa, were collected. Such parameters were chosen with the understanding that variations in their threshold values could hasten the complicated process of carcinogenesis, more particularly PCa. The gathered data was converted to semi-binary data (-1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, and 1), on which machine learning (ML) methods were applied. First, we cross-checked various publicly available datasets, some published RNA-seq datasets, and our whole-exome sequencing data to find common role players in PCa, diabetes, and obesity. To narrow down their common interacting partners, interactome networks were analysed using GeneMANIA and visualised using Cytoscape, and later cBioportal was used (to compare expression level based on Z scored values) wherein various types of mutation w.r.t their expression and mRNA expression (RNA seq FPKM) plots are available. The GEPIA 2 tool was used to compare the expression of resulting similarities between the normal tissue and TCGA databases of PCa. Later, top-ranking genes were chosen to demonstrate striking clustering coefficients using the Cytoscape-cytoHubba module, and GEPIA 2 was applied again to ascertain survival plots. Results Comparing various publicly available datasets, it was found that BLM is a frequent player in all three diseases, whereas comparing publicly available datasets, GWAS datasets, and published sequencing findings, SPFTPC and PPIMB were found to be the most common. With the assistance of GeneMANIA, TMPO and FOXP1 were found as common interacting partners, and they were also seen participating with BLM. Conclusion A probabilistic machine learning model was achieved to identify key candidates between diabetes, obesity, and PCa. This, we believe, would herald precision scale modeling for easy prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumandeep Kour
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
- Bioclues.org, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Bioclues.org, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harshita Bhargava
- Department of Computer Science, IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Devendra Sharma
- Urology and Renal Transplant Department of Renal Sciences, Rukmani Birla Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amita Sharma
- Department of Computer Science, IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anjuvan Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, Phagwara, 144001, India
| | - Jayaraman Valadi
- Department of Computer Science, FLAME University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Trilok Chand Sadasukhi
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sugunakar Vuree
- Bioclues.org, India
- MNR Foundation for Research & Innovation, MNR Medical College and Hospital, MNR University, Telangana, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Bioclues.org, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
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Ziglioli F, Patera A, Isgrò G, Campobasso D, Guarino G, Maestroni U. Impact of modifiable lifestyle risk factors for prostate cancer prevention: a review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1203791. [PMID: 37746271 PMCID: PMC10515617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men, the impact of modifiable risk and protective factors is still being debated. This review aims to qualitatively summarize the most recent studies related to potential healthy lifestyle factors affecting the development of PCa. Methods for data acquisition The literature focusing on modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer was reviewed. Medline and Embase via the Ovid database were searched, and all relevant and inherent articles were analyzed. Non-eligible publications, such as review articles, editorials, comments, guidelines, or case reports, were excluded. Synthesis of the evidence obtained from data analysis This review confirms that there is strong evidence that being overweight or obese increases the risk of advanced prostate cancer (assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio), particularly considering central adiposity and ethnicity as contributing factors. The possible contribution of smoking still seems not entirely clear, while alcohol seems to affect PCa prevention in patients taking 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs). Dietary fibers may have anti-inflammatory properties and improve insulin sensitivity by reducing IGF bioactivity. In particular, dietary fiber intake like insoluble and legume fibers may be inversely associated with prostate cancer risk. Also, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, with untreated diabetic fasting blood glucose levels, could be modifiable prostate cancer risk factors. In two studies, aspirin was associated with a lower risk of lethal PCa and overall mortality. Concerning the role of vitamins, despite conflicting and divergent results, serum retinol concentration seems to be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and high-grade prostate cancer. Some studies resulted in disagreement about the role of selenium and vitamin E. We found inconsistent and controversial findings about the association between vitamin D and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion Far from being conclusive evidence, our findings confirm some strong evidence already found in the previous literature and highlight the need to clarify the role of some risk factors whose role is not yet completely known. This effort would facilitate the cultural and social change that may allow the shift from the treatment of prostate cancer when diagnosed to the real efforts needed for systematic prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalisa Patera
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Isgrò
- Department of Urology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giulio Guarino
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Ajiya A, Shuaibu IY, Anka HM. An Audit of Surgical Neck Explorations for Penetrating Neck Injuries in Northwestern Nigeria: Experience from a Teaching Hospital. Niger J Surg 2021; 27:48-54. [PMID: 34012242 PMCID: PMC8112368 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_63_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Penetrating neck injury is a major trauma mechanism present in about 5%–10% of trauma patients with an estimated mortality of 3%–10%. The management of these injuries is dependent on the anatomical level of injury. Objectives: The objective of the study was to document the clinical and operative findings as well as the treatment outcome among our patients who underwent neck exploration for penetrating neck injuries. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who had neck exploration for penetrating neck injury between January 2012 and December 2018 was done. Results: Thirty-five patients all of whom had surgical neck exploration were included. The age ranged from 15 to 62 years with a male: female of 7.8:1. The mean age was 30.7 years with standard deviation of ± 12.5 years and the peak age of occurrence of 20–29 years. The mechanism of injury was commonly arrow injury in 9 (25.7%) and suicidal cutthroat in 7 (20%) patients. Thirty-two (91.4%) patients presented with stable vital signs. Zone II neck injuries were most prevalent, seen in 23 (65.7%) patients. Laryngeal injury in 7 (20%) and soft-tissue injury in 7 (20%) of the patients were the most common intraoperative findings. The complication rate of 17.1% with a mortality rate of 2.9% was recorded. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of vascular injury and the development of complications after exploration (Chi-square = 5.666, P = 0.017). It was also a significant positive predictor of complication following neck exploration (odds ratio = 0.017, P = 0.048). Conclusion: Male young adults were most involved, commonly from arrow and stab injuries. Although laryngeal and soft-tissue injuries were predominant, vascular injuries were most associated with postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrazak Ajiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Iliyasu Yunusa Shuaibu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University/Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Hamza Manir Anka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
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Nwadi UV, Nwofor AME, Oranusi CK, Orakwe JC, Obiesie EA, Mbaeri TU, Abiahu JA, Mbonu OO. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Gleason Score in Men with Prostate Cancer in Southeastern Nigeria. Niger J Surg 2021; 27:22-27. [PMID: 34012237 PMCID: PMC8112372 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_66_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer has an increasing global burden. The clinical course varies from an indolent disease to a rapidly aggressive cancer. It is associated with higher mortality in less developed nations due to late presentation. The Gleason scoring system for prostatic adenocarcinoma has prognostic implications in diagnosed cases. Obesity has been associated with the evolution of many cancers including prostate cancer. There are conflicting reports on the relationship between obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), and prostate cancer aggressiveness, as measured by Gleason score. This study is aimed to determine if a correlation exists between BMI and Gleason score in men with prostate cancer. Methodology: This was a prospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study involving consecutive patients with prostate cancer. Clinical evaluation including anthropometry, digital rectal examination, and relevant investigations were done for each patient and data collected with pro forma. This was followed by prostate needle biopsy and those diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate had their Gleason grades and scores obtained. Data were analyzed statistically using Spearman Correlation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.54 ± 8.61 years (range 47–83 years). The BMI ranged from 16.98 to 36.45 kg/m2, with a mean of 27.03 ± 5.03 kg/m2. Twenty-six of the patients (36.1%) were overweight and 34.7% were obese. The mean total prostate-specific antigen was 118.65 ± 84.43 ng/ml, with a range of 31–406 ng/ml. The modal Gleason score was 9 with a range of 4–10. There was a strong positive correlation between BMI and Gleason score (r = 0.817, P = 0.0003). Conclusion: The BMI of patients with prostate cancer correlated positively with their Gleason score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Victor Nwadi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | | | - Chidi Kingsley Oranusi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Jideofor Chukwuma Orakwe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ahuizechukwu Obiesie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Uzoma Mbaeri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Amaoge Abiahu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu Obiora Mbonu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Zhou F, Chen X, Pu J, Ouyang J, Li G, Ping J, Lu Y, Hou J, Han Y. Correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the Gleason score of prostate biopsies in Chinese population. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63338-63341. [PMID: 27556510 PMCID: PMC5325367 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the correlation between BMI and Gleason score in prostate biopsies in Chinese Population. In this retrospective study, we collected the Gleason score, PSA, BMI, age, race, and other related clinical data on 290 patients who had undergone prostatic biopsy. We then compared the prostate cancer detection rates and Gleason scores between the high BMI group (BMI ≥ 25; 143 cases) and low BMI group (< 25; 147 cases). Among the 137 patients in whom prostate cancer detected, 70 had high BMIs and 67 had normal BMIs, making the detection rates 48.95% and 45.58% respectively. Seventeen prostate cancer patients had low Gleason scores (Gleason score < 7), while 120 had high Gleason scores (≥ 7). Within the high BMI group, 44.76% had high Gleason scores, which was significantly greater than the 38.10% in the low BMI group (P = 0.027). These results indicate that while there was no effect of BMI on the rate of positive prostate cancer biopsies, the rate of high Gleason scores was greater in the high BMI group than the normal BMI group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- VIP center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jinxian Pu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jigen Ping
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Serretta V, Abrate A, Siracusano S, Gesolfo CS, Vella M, Di Maida F, Cangemi A, Cicero G, Barresi E, Sanfilippo C. Clinical and biochemical markers of visceral adipose tissue activity: Body mass index, visceral adiposity index, leptin, adiponectin, and matrix metalloproteinase-3. Correlation with Gleason patterns 4 and 5 at prostate biopsy. Urol Ann 2018; 10:280-286. [PMID: 30089986 PMCID: PMC6060586 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_188_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: The correlation between aggressive prostate cancer and obesity mainly based on body mass index (BMI) and pathology after surgery remains controversial. Aims: The aim of the study was to correlate BMI, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and the plasmatic levels of leptin, adiponectin, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and biomarkers of adipose tissue function, with the detection of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 at biopsy. Subjects and Methods: Consecutive patients with prostate cancer at 12-core transrectal biopsy were enrolled. BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood samples to evaluate the plasmatic levels of triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), adiponectin, leptin, and MMP-3 were obtained immediately before biopsy. The VAI was calculated according to the formula: WC/(39.68 + [1.88 × BMI]) × TG/1.03 × 1.31/HDL. Results: One hundred and forty-nine patients were entered. The median PSA, BMI, and VAI were 10.0 ng/ml, 27.6 kg/m2, and 4.6, respectively. Gleason patterns 4 or 5 were detected in 68 (45.6%) patients; in 15 (41.7%), 31 (44.9%), and 22 (50.0%) among normal weight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively (P = 0.55). The statistical analysis did not show any significant correlation between BMI, VAI, the plasmatic levels of leptin, adiponectin, MMP-3, and the detection of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 at biopsy. A statistically significant association emerged with older age (P = 0.017) and higher PSA values (P = 0.02). Conclusion: We did not find any association between BMI, VAI, the plasmatic levels of adiponectin, leptin, and MMP-3 and the detection of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 at prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Serretta
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Abrate
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Siracusano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Scalici Gesolfo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Vella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Maida
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Cangemi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cicero
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Tang B, Han CT, Zhang GM, Zhang CZ, Yang WY, Shen Y, Vidal AC, Freedland SJ, Zhu Y, Ye DW. Waist-hip Ratio (WHR), a Better Predictor for Prostate Cancer than Body Mass Index (BMI): Results from a Chinese Hospital-based Biopsy Cohort. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43551. [PMID: 28272469 PMCID: PMC5341100 DOI: 10.1038/srep43551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a better predictor of prostate cancer (PCa) incidence than body mass index (BMI) in Chinese men. Of consecutive patients who underwent prostate biopsies in one tertiary center between 2013 and 2015, we examined data on 1018 with PSA ≤20 ng/ml. Clinical data and biopsy outcomes were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between BMI, WHR and PCa incidence. Area under the ROC (AUC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of different prognostic models. A total of 255 men and 103 men were diagnosed with PCa and high grade PCa (HGPCa, Gleason score ≥8). WHR was an independent risk factor for both PCa (OR = 1.07 95%Cl 1.03-1.11) and HGPCa (OR = 1.14 95%Cl 1.09-1.19) detection, while BMI had no relationship with either PCa or HGPCa detection. Adding WHR to a multivariable model increased the AUC for detecting HGPCa from 0.66 (95%Cl 0.60-0.72) to 0.71 (95%Cl 0.65-0.76). In this Chinese cohort, WHR was significantly predictive of PCa and HGPCa. Adding WHR to a multivariable model increased the diagnostic accuracy for detecting HGPCa. If confirmed, including WHR measurement may improve PCa and HGPCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Han
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yi Yang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adriana C. Vidal
- Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Effect of body mass index on overall survival of patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:750-754. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Helenowski IB, Demirtas H, Doll JA, Jovanovic BD, Gurley MJ, Trapp LP, Kuzel TM. The effects of the order of multiple imputation in subset analysis examining the association between body mass index (BMI) and transrectal ultrasound prostate weight. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/2/3/035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, and prostate cancer risk: Results from the North-American case-control study Prostate Cancer & Environment Study. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:494.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tan W, Wang L, Ma Q, Qi M, Lu N, Zhang L, Han B. Adiponectin as a potential tumor suppressor inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition but frequently silenced in prostate cancer by promoter methylation. Prostate 2015; 75:1197-205. [PMID: 25877612 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests a particular role for obesity in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Adiponectin (ADN) is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue and has a variety of functions including the inhibition of PCa cell proliferation. Although serum ADN levels have been identified to be related with carcinogenesis in a tissue-specific context, the exact role of endogenous ADN in PCa cells remains largely unknown. METHODS Two tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to detect ADN's expression in a cohort of 96 Chinese PCa patients with radical prostatectomy as well as 15 cases with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). MTS and transwell assays were applied to validate the effects of ADN on proliferation and invasive capacity of PCa cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression at transcript and protein levels. Epigenetic modifications of ADN's promoter after TGF-β1 treatment in 22RV1 cells was monitored by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP) was performed to determine the methylation status of ADN's promoter. RESULTS IHC showed decreased levels of ADN in 1 of 15 (6.7%) BPH cases, 6 of 27 (22.2%) PCa cases with low Gleason score (<7), 18 of 26 (69.2%) cases with Gleason score 7, but 32 of 43 (74.4%) cases with high Gleason score (>7). Silencing endogenous ADN could promote proliferation and invasion of 22RV1 cells via orchestrating Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process. TGF-β1, a potent EMT inducer, could decrease levels of chromatin markers associated with active genes (H3K4me3, H4acetylK16), and increase levels of repressive marker (H3K27me3) at ADN promoter in 22RV1 cells. Additionally, 5-aza and TSA treatment restored ADN expression in LNCaP cells in which the ADN expression was almost absent. MSP analysis revealed that methylation in the promoter might be involved in decreased expression of ADN in PCa tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that endogenous ADN may function as a tumor suppressor gene through inhibiting EMT of PCa cells but is down-regulated in PCa via promoter hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tan
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medicinal Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Quanping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
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Mora BC, Fleshner NE, Klotz LH, Venkateswaran V. The effects of serum from prostate cancer patients with elevated body mass index on prostate cancer cells in vitro. Lipid Insights 2015; 8:11-9. [PMID: 25987846 PMCID: PMC4404997 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether serum from obese, compared to non-obese, PCa (prostate cancer) patients creates a growth-enhancing tumor micro-environment in vitro. Serum from 80 subjects was divided into four groups: normal weight men with and without PCa and overweight/obese men with and without PCa. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured in LNCaP, and PC3 cells treated with patient serum were obtained from the above groups. The results reveal that proliferation of LNCaP cells was significantly (P = 0.05) greater with serum from non-obese (mean = 1.26 ± 0.20) compared to that from obese patients (mean = 1.16 ± 0.19). Serum from obese PCa patients compared to non-obese PCa patients induced significantly greater amounts of cell migration (P < 0.01) in PC3 cells. Serum from obese patients induced significantly (P < 0.01) lower amounts of cell invasion (mean = 8.2 ± 4.5) compared to non-obese patients (mean = 18.1 ± 5.0) when treated on PC3 cells. Serum TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) levels correlated with LNCaP cell proliferation in vitro in non-obese PCa (P < 0.01) and non-obese control groups (P = 0.05). All statistical calculations controlled for age, since the PCa patient groups were significantly older than the control groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, serum from obese PCa patients induced greater PCa cell migration and lower cell proliferation and invasion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Mora
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurence H Klotz
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vasundara Venkateswaran
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Davis JW. Editorial comment for Xu et al. J Endourol 2014; 29:208-9. [PMID: 25358012 DOI: 10.1089/end.2014.0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John W Davis
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas , MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Porto Centre, Porto, Portugal; Center for Urological Research, Urology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal; Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer - North, Porto, Portugal; Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Rocha Cabral Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
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