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Fluorescent molecular probes for imaging and detection of oxidases and peroxidases in biological samples. Methods 2023; 210:20-35. [PMID: 36634727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidases and peroxidases are two subclasses of oxidoreductases. The abnormal expression of oxidases (such as tyrosinase, cytochrome P450 oxidases, and monoamine oxidases) and peroxidases (such as glutathione peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and eosinophil peroxidase) is relative with some diseases. Therefore, the analysis of oxidases and peroxidases is great important for disease diagnosis and treatment. Fluorescent probes present simple protocol, high sensitivity and good stability in sensing field. Molecule fluorescent probes are constructed with chemical groups that tunes their fluorescence emission in response to binding events, chemical reactions, and the surrounding environment. A fluorescent probe is an efficient tool for visualizing the activity of enzymes in living organisms on the basis of its high specificity, sensitivity, and noninvasiveness characteristics. In this review, we focus on the sensing of oxidases and peroxidases by molecule fluorescent probes, and hope to bring new insight to wide researchers about oxidases and peroxidases in biological samples.
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Tatar G, Gündoğan C, Şahin ÖF, Arslan E, Ergül N, Çermik TF. Prognostic Significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Survival Outcomes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2022; 31:200-206. [PMID: 36268871 PMCID: PMC9585999 DOI: 10.4274/mirt.galenos.2022.42744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises 85%-90% of primary renal malignant tumors originating from the renal tubular epithelium and has different genetic characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the potential predictive role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and metabolic parameters in overall survival (OS) analysis in patients with RCC. Methods: 18F-FDG PET/CT images of 100 patients performed for initial staging before surgical or oncological treatments were analyzed retrospectively. Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax-T) of the primary tumor was calculated and its relationship to patient survival was analyzed. The median follow-up time was 5.61 years (0.01-8.7 years). Results: SUVmax-T levels in the patients ranged from 2.1 to 48.9 (median 5.9, mean 9.0±7.9). SUVmax-T was significantly higher in RCC-related death more positive than in the negative cases (p<0.001). However, there was not any statistical significance for gender and pathological subtypes on the survival outcomes of patients (p=0.264 and p=0.784). The patients’ 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS rates were 71%, 61%, and 57%, respectively. The highest action of SUVmax-T for estimating OS was a cut-off level of 5.4, which maintained sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 75%, respectively. However, cancer staging remained independent significance for OS (p<0.001). Conclusion: SUVmax of primary tumor and cancer stage were demonstrated as significant prognostic factors for OS in patients with RCC. Evaluation of 18F-FDG accumulation with PET/CT may help plan treatment strategies and predict survival outcomes of these patients at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Tatar
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gündoğan
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Şahin
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Arslan
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Ergül
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Fikret Çermik
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Bai X, Lin J, Wu X, Lin Y, Zhao X, Du W, Gao J, Hu Z, Xu Q, Li T, Yu Y. Label-free detection of bladder cancer and kidney cancer plasma based on SERS and multivariate statistical algorithm. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121336. [PMID: 35605419 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we mainly aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for bladder cancer and kidney cancer which are the most common cancers of the urinary system, and evaluate the classification ability of three statistical algorithms: principal component analysis-linear discriminate analysis (PCA-LDA), partial least square-random forest (PLS-RF), and partial least square-support vector machine (PLS-SVM). The plasma of 26 bladder cancer patients, 38 kidney cancer patients and 39 normal subjects was mixed with the same volume of silver nanoparticles, respectively, and then high-quality SERS signal was obtained. The SERS spectra in the range of 400-1800 cm-1 were compared and analyzed. There were some significant differences in SERS peak intensity, which may reflect the changes in the content of some biomacromolecules in the plasma of cancer patients. Based on the three algorithms of PCA-LDA, PLS-RF and PLS-SVM, the classification accuracy of SERS spectra of plasma from cancer patients and normal subjects was 98.1%, 100% and 100%, respectively. In addition, the classification accuracy of the three diagnostic algorithms to classify the SERS spectra of bladder cancer and kidney cancer was 81.3%, 91.7%, and 98.4%, respectively. This exploratory work demonstrates that SERS combined with PLS-SVM algorithm has superior performance for clinical screening of bladder cancer and kidney cancer through peripheral plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juqiang Lin
- School of opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yamin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeqin Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingjiang Xu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Tao Li
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yun Yu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Tatar G, Alçin G, Şengül Samanci N, Erol Fenercioglu Ö, Beyhan E, Fikret Çermik T. Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of therapy response and clinical outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunotherapy. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:701-709. [PMID: 35362692 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the role and prognostic significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT on treatment response and survival outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients scheduled for a standard treatment protocol with TKIs (n = 17; group-1) or PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab, n = 23; group-2) were evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Peak standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULpeak) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were calculated, and their relationship to treatment response was evaluated. RESULTS Complete response (CR) in three patients, partial response (PR) in two patients and stable disease (SD) in eight patients were observed in group-1, and the results were as follows for group-2: PR in seven and SD in five patients. At a mean of 17.5-month observation period (range, 7-47), 35.2% of patients progressed, and 23.5% achieved a CR, and no recurrence was observed on PET/CT scans during follow-up. Among all patients enrolled in the study, the 5-year OS in patients with progressive disease (PD) was significantly shorter than patients with clinical benefit (CB = CR and PR and SD) (P = 0.016). Significant differences in both ΔSULpeak and ΔSUVmax were found between PD versus CB (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION 18F-FDG-PET/CT can accurately assess therapy response and predict patient outcome in metastatic RCC. 18F-FDG PET/CT may facilitate patient management by evaluating the biological and immunological responses to treatment in patients treated with TKIs or ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Tatar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital
| | - Göksel Alçin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital and
| | - Nilay Şengül Samanci
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Erol Fenercioglu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital and
| | - Ediz Beyhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital and
| | - Tevfik Fikret Çermik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital and
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LiKidMiRs: A ddPCR-Based Panel of 4 Circulating miRNAs for Detection of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040858. [PMID: 35205607 PMCID: PMC8869982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) significantly increases the likelihood of curative treatment, avoiding the need of adjuvant therapies, associated side effects and comorbidities. Thus, we aimed to discover circulating microRNAs that might aid in early, minimally invasive, RCC detection/diagnosis. Abstract Background: Decreased renal cell cancer-related mortality is an important societal goal, embodied by efforts to develop effective biomarkers enabling early detection and increasing the likelihood of curative treatment. Herein, we sought to develop a new biomarker for early and minimally invasive detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on a microRNA panel assessed by ddPCR. Methods: Plasma samples from patients with RCC (n = 124) or oncocytomas (n = 15), and 64 healthy donors, were selected. Hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-miR-155-5p and hsa-miR-200b-3p levels were evaluated using a ddPCR protocol. Results: RCC patients disclosed significantly higher circulating levels of hsa-miR-155-5p compared to healthy donors, whereas the opposite was observed for hsa-miR-21-5p levels. Furthermore, hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p panels detected RCC with high sensitivity (82.66%) and accuracy (71.89%). The hsa-miR-126-3p/hsa-miR-200b-3p panel identified the most common RCC subtype (clear cell, ccRCC) with 74.78% sensitivity. Conclusion: Variable combinations of plasma miR levels assessed by ddPCR enable accurate detection of RCC in general, and of ccRCC. These findings, if confirmed in larger studies, provide evidence for a novel ancillary tool which might aid in early detection of RCC.
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Lima M, Camacho M, Carvalheira JBC, Biggi A, de Lima ML, Ciampi J, Salis F, Silveira MB, Ferreira U, Etchebehere E. The current role of PET/CT in urological malignancies. Clin Transl Imaging 2020; 8:313-347. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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The role of 18F-FAZA PET/CT in detecting lymph node metastases in renal cell carcinoma patients: a prospective pilot trial. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:554-560. [PMID: 32638098 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate detection of nodal invasion is an unmet need in the clinical staging of renal cancer. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside (18F-FAZA), a hypoxia specific tracer, is a non-invasive imaging method that detects tumour hypoxia. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of 18F-FAZA PET/CT in the identification of lymph node metastases in renal cancer. METHODS A proof-of-concept phase 2 study including 20 kidney cancer patients ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03955393) was conducted. Inclusion criteria were one or more of the following three criteria: (1) clinical tumour size > 10 cm, (2) evidence of clinical lymphadenopathies at preoperative CT scan and (3) clinical T4 cancer. Before surgery, 18F-FAZA PET/CT was performed, 2 h after the intravenous injection of the radiotracer. An experienced nuclear medicine physician, aware of patient's history and of all available diagnostic imaging, performed a qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on 18F-FAZA images. Histopathological analysis was obtained in all patients on surgical specimen. RESULTS Fourteen/19 (74%) patients had a non-organ confined renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at final pathology (either pT3 or pT4). Median number of nodes removed was 12 (IQR 7-15). The rate of lymph node invasion was 16%. No patient with pN1 disease showed positive 18F-FAZA PET, thus suggesting the non-hypoxic behaviour of the lesions. In addition, neither primary tumour nor distant metastases presented a pathological 18F-FAZA uptake. No adverse events were recorded during the study. CONCLUSIONS 18F-FAZA PET/CT scan did not detect RCC lymph neither nodal nor distant metastases and did not show any uptake in the primary renal tumour.
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Wu S, Guo H, Horng H, Liu Y, Li H, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Rosenberg A, Albanese C, Ranjit S, Andrews PM, Levi M, Tang Q, Chen Y. Morphological and functional characteristics of aging kidneys based on two-photon microscopy in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900246. [PMID: 31688977 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related kidney disease, which is chronic and naturally occurring, is a general term for a set of heterogeneous disorders affecting kidney structures and characterized by a decline in renal function. Age-related renal insufficiency has important implications with regard to body homeostasis, drug toxicity and renal transplantation. In our study, two-photon microscopy was used to image kidney morphological and functional characteristics in an age-related rat model in vivo. The changes in morphology are analyzed based on autofluorescence and Hoechst 33342 labeling in rats with different ages. Structural parameters including renal tubular diameter, cell nuclei density, size and shape are studied and compared with Hematoxylin and Eosin histological analysis. Functional characteristics, such as blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate are studied with high-molecular weight (MW) 500-kDa dextran-fluorescein and low-MW 10-kDa dextran-rhodamine. Results indicate that morphology changes significantly and functional characteristics deteriorate with age. These parameters are potential indicators for evaluating age-related renal morphology and function changes. Combined analyses of these parameters could provide a quantitative, novel method for monitoring kidney diseases and/or therapeutic effects of kidney drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulian Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hengchang Guo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hannah Horng
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Yi Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hui Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Avi Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Peter M Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Yu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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PET/CT in Renal, Bladder, and Testicular Cancer. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Gofrit O, Orevi M. Post-operative surveillance in kidney cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S136. [PMID: 31576343 PMCID: PMC6685866 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Gofrit
- Urology Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marina Orevi
- Nuclear Medicine (MO), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Kidney cancer, or renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is a disease of increasing incidence that commonly is seen in the general practice of nephrology. Despite this state of affairs, this fascinating and highly morbid disease frequently is under-represented, or even absent, from the curriculum of nephrologists in training and generally is underemphasized in national nephrology meetings, both scientific as well as clinical. Although classic concepts in cancer research in general had led to the concept that cancer is a disease resulting from mutations in the control of growth-regulating pathways, reinforced by the discovery of oncogenes, more contemporary research, particularly in kidney cancer, has uncovered changes in metabolic pathways mediated by those same genes that control tumor energetics and biosynthesis. This adaptation of classic biochemical pathways to the tumor's advantage has been labeled metabolic reprogramming. For example, in the case of kidney cancer there exists a near-universal presence of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) inactivation in the most common form, clear cell RCC (ccRCC), leading to activation of hypoxia-relevant and other metabolic pathways. Studies of this and other pathways in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) have been particularly revealing, leading to the concept that ccRCC can itself be considered a metabolic disease. For this reason, the relatively new method of metabolomics has become a useful technique in the study of ccRCC to tease out those pathways that have been reprogrammed by the tumor to its maximum survival advantage. Furthermore, identification of the nodes of such pathways can lead to novel areas for drug intervention in a disease for which such targets are seriously lacking. Further research and dissemination of these concepts, likely using omics techniques, will lead to clinical trials of therapeutics specifically targeted to tumor metabolism, rather than those generally toxic to all proliferating cells. Such novel agents are highly likely to be more effective than existing drugs and to have far fewer adverse effects. This review provides a general overview of the technique of metabolomics and then discusses how it and other omics techniques have been used to further our understanding of the basic biology of kidney cancer as well as to identify new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, Davis, CA and Medical Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA.
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12
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Symptoms of Kidney Cancer and Appropriate Diagnostic Tools. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Azer SA, Alghofaili MM, Alsultan RM, Alrumaih NS. Accuracy and Readability of Websites on Kidney and Bladder Cancers. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2018; 33:926-944. [PMID: 28281091 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the scientific accuracy and the readability level of websites on kidney and bladder cancers. The search engines Google™, Yahoo™ and Bing™ were searched independently by assessors in November 2014 using the following keywords: "bladder cancer", "kidney cancer", "patient bladder cancer", "patient kidney cancer" and "bladder and kidney cancer". Only English-language websites were selected on the bases of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Assessors independently reviewed the findings and evaluated the accuracy and quality of each website by using the DISCERN and the LIDA instruments. The readability of the websites was calculated using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. Sixty-two websites were finally included in the study. The overall accuracy scores varied; for the DISCERN, the range was 28 to 76; out of 80 (mean ± SD, 47.1 ± 12.1; median = 46.0, interquartile range (IQR) = 19.2), and for the LIDA, the range was 52 to 125; out of 144 (mean ± SD, 101.9 ± 15.2; median, 103; IQR, 16.5). The creators of these websites were universities and research centres (n = 25, 40%), foundations and associations (n = 10, 16%), commercial and pharmaceutical companies (n = 13, 21%), charities and volunteer work (n = 4, 6%) and non-university educational bodies (n = 10, 16%). The readability scores (mean ± SD) were 11.2 ± 2.2 for the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index and 11.2 ± 1.6 for the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. The accuracy and the quality of the websites on kidney and bladder cancers varied. In most websites, there were deficiencies in clarity of aims, presenting symptoms, investigations and treatment options. The readability matched grades 10-11 literacy levels-a level above the public readability level. The study highlights the needs for further improvement of the online information created for public and patients with kidney and bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A Azer
- Curriculum Development and Research Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Curriculum Development and Research Unit, Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
- Australian Professional Teaching, Melbourne, 3106, Australia.
| | - Maha M Alghofaili
- Curriculum Development and Research Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M Alsultan
- Curriculum Development and Research Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla S Alrumaih
- Curriculum Development and Research Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Kassouf W, Monteiro LL, Drachenberg DE, Fairey AS, Finelli A, Kapoor A, Lattouf JB, Leveridge MJ, Power NE, Pouliot F, Rendon RA, Sabbagh R, So AI, Tanguay S, Breau RH. Canadian Urological Association guideline for followup of patients after treatment of non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Can Urol Assoc J 2018; 12:231-238. [PMID: 30139427 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Kassouf
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Adrian S Fairey
- Division of Urology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo A Rendon
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robert Sabbagh
- Division of Urology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan I So
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon Tanguay
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rodney H Breau
- Division of Urology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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15
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Abu Aboud O, Habib SL, Trott J, Stewart B, Liang S, Chaudhari AJ, Sutcliffe J, Weiss RH. Glutamine Addiction in Kidney Cancer Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Can Be Exploited for Real-Time Imaging. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6746-6758. [PMID: 29021138 PMCID: PMC5791889 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers appear to activate intrinsic antioxidant systems as a means to counteract oxidative stress. Some cancers, such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), require exogenous glutamine for growth and exhibit reprogrammed glutamine metabolism, at least in part due to the glutathione pathway, an efficient cellular buffering system that counteracts reactive oxygen species and other oxidants. We show here that ccRCC xenograft tumors under the renal capsule exhibit enhanced oxidative stress compared with adjacent normal tissue and the contralateral kidney. Upon glutaminase inhibition with CB-839 or BPTES, the RCC cell lines SN12PM-6-1 (SN12) and 786-O exhibited decreased survival and pronounced apoptosis associated with a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, augmented nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2, and increased 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, a marker of DNA damage. SN12 tumor xenografts showed decreased growth when treated with CB-839. Furthermore, PET imaging confirmed that ccRCC tumors exhibited increased tumoral uptake of 18F-(2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine compared with the kidney in the orthotopic mouse model. This technique can be utilized to follow changes in ccRCC metabolism in vivo Further development of these paradigms will lead to new treatment options with glutaminase inhibitors and the utility of PET to identify and manage patients with ccRCC who are likely to respond to glutaminase inhibitors in the clinic. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6746-58. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omran Abu Aboud
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Samy L Habib
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System and Cellular and Structural Biology Department, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Josephine Trott
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Sitai Liang
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System and Cellular and Structural Biology Department, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
- Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Julie Sutcliffe
- Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
- Medical Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California
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16
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Ranieri G, Marech I, Niccoli Asabella A, Di Palo A, Porcelli M, Lavelli V, Rubini G, Ferrari C, Gadaleta CD. Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors Therapies with Mainly Anti-Angiogenic Activity in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Value of PET/CT in Response Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091937. [PMID: 28891933 PMCID: PMC5618586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent renal tumor and the majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Tumor angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of RCC together with hypoxia and glucose metabolism. These three pathways are strictly connected to the cell growth and proliferation, like a loop that is self-feeding. Over the last few years, the ever-deeper knowledge of its contribution in metastatic RCC led to the discovery of numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting pro-angiogenic receptors at different levels such as sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, tivozanib, and dovitinib. As anti-angiogenic agents, TKIs interfere the loop, being able to inhibit tumor proliferation. TKIs are now available treatments for advanced RCC, which demonstrated to improve overall survival and/or progression free survival. Their effects can be detectable early on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) by change in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake, the main radiotracer used to date, as a strong indicator of biological response. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated an ability to predict and monitor disease progression, allowing an early and reliable identification of responders, and could be used for image-guided optimization and "personalization" of anti-angiogenic regimens. New radiotracers for biometabolic imaging are currently under investigation, which exploit the other pathways involved in the cancer process, including cellular proliferation, aerobic metabolism, cell membrane synthesis, hypoxia and amino acid transport, as well as the angiogenic process, but they require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Di Palo
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Porcelli
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lavelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
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17
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Farber NJ, Kim CJ, Modi PK, Hon JD, Sadimin ET, Singer EA. Renal cell carcinoma: the search for a reliable biomarker. Transl Cancer Res 2017; 6:620-632. [PMID: 28775935 PMCID: PMC5538266 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2017.05.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One particular challenge in the treatment of kidney tumors is the range of histologies and tumor phenotypes a renal mass can represent. A kidney tumor can range from benign (e.g., oncocytoma) to a clinically indolent malignancy (e.g., papillary type I, chromophobe) to aggressive disease [e.g., papillary type II or high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)]. Even among various subtypes, kidney cancers are genetically diverse with variable prognoses and treatment response rates. Therefore, the key to proper treatment is the differentiation of these subtypes. Currently, a wide array of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers exist that may help guide the individualized care of kidney cancer patients. This review will discuss the various serum, urine, imaging, and immunohistological biomarkers available in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Farber
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher J. Kim
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Parth K. Modi
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jane D. Hon
- Section of Urologic Pathology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Evita T. Sadimin
- Section of Urologic Pathology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eric A. Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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18
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Shinder BM, Rhee K, Farrell D, Farber NJ, Stein MN, Jang TL, Singer EA. Surgical Management of Advanced and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Front Oncol 2017; 7:107. [PMID: 28620578 PMCID: PMC5449498 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen a rapid proliferation in the number and types of systemic therapies available for renal cell carcinoma. However, surgery remains an integral component of the therapeutic armamentarium for advanced and metastatic kidney cancer. Cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant cytokine-based immunotherapy (predominantly high-dose interleukin 2) has largely given way to systemic-targeted therapies. Metastasectomy also has a role in carefully selected patients. Additionally, neoadjuvant systemic therapy may increase the feasibility of resecting the primary tumor, which may be beneficial for patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Several prospective trials examining the role of adjuvant therapy are underway. Lastly, the first immune checkpoint inhibitor was approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in 2015, providing a new treatment mechanism and new opportunities for combining systemic therapy with surgery. This review discusses current and historical literature regarding the surgical management of patients with advanced and mRCC and explores approaches for optimizing patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Shinder
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Kevin Rhee
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Douglas Farrell
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nicholas J Farber
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mark N Stein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Thomas L Jang
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Eric A Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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19
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Wettersten HI, Aboud OA, Lara PN, Weiss RH. Metabolic reprogramming in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:410-419. [PMID: 28480903 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research in many cancers has uncovered changes in metabolic pathways that control tumour energetics and biosynthesis, so-called metabolic reprogramming. Studies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have been particularly revealing, leading to the concept that ccRCC is a metabolic disease. ccRCC is generally accompanied by reprogramming of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Metabolism of tryptophan, arginine and glutamine is also reprogrammed in many ccRCCs, and these changes provide opportunities for new therapeutic strategies, biomarkers and imaging modalities. In particular, metabolic reprogramming facilitates the identification of novel and repurposed drugs that could potentially be used to treat ccRCC, which when metastatic has currently limited long-term treatment options. Further research and dissemination of these concepts to nephrologists and oncologists will lead to clinical trials of therapeutics specifically targeted to tumour metabolism, rather than generally toxic to all proliferating cells. Such novel agents are highly likely to be more effective and to have far fewer adverse effects than existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- University of California, San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Room 4810, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, California 92037-0695, USA
| | - Omran Abu Aboud
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Room 6311, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Primo N Lara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3003, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Room 6311, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
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20
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Symptoms of Kidney Cancer and Appropriate Diagnostic Tools. Urol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_56-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Smith JA. This Month in Adult Urology. J Urol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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