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Ghosh SK, Bhattacharjee S. Public human dissection and societal connect of anatomical sciences: A glorious association in the past but ethically forbidden practice at present. Anat Sci Educ 2024. [PMID: 38576065 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Under the futuristic vision of anatomical sciences, a strong societal connection is mandatory. The anatomical practice experienced robust societal participation through public human dissection from the 16th century onward. With a perspective to explore the intersection of spirituality with anatomy, the present study analyzed this momentous period. From a spiritual perspective, the study also reflects on two relevant but presently uncoupled entities of public human dissection and societal connection through the prism of current regulations. Strong representation from the general public during public human dissection was primarily driven by spiritual proclivity and an endorsement from religious authorities. To regulate large gatherings and maintain academic sanctity, anatomical theaters emerged as dedicated spaces for such a merger. With time and growing financial support, the theaters transformed from temporary structures to elaborate architectural marvels, further propelling already robust societal connections associated with the practice. Nevertheless, a confluence of multiple factors led to the violation of spiritual principles and a consequent decrease in societal participation from the early 18th century, eventually culminating in the demise of such spectacle. Presently, public human dissection-when done-is mostly conducted for commercial gains and in contravention of ethical norms. It is against the essence of spirituality and harbors a bleak prospect for societal connection. Contrastingly, measures adopted to promote societal participation (mostly related to body donation) were quite effective and followed the principles of spirituality. Societal connections served anatomy in the past and can lead to its advancement if approached through a righteous path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Wolner L, Höfinger P, Wolner E. History of surgery at the University of Vienna : The three surgical schools. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:200-208. [PMID: 38270612 PMCID: PMC11006726 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
There are several publications on the history of surgery at the University of Vienna. None of these publications, however, sought to group the rich history of surgery in Vienna into distinct "surgical schools" of which, upon closer inspection, only 3 have emerged over the last 250 years. The oldest school dates back to Ferdinand Joseph von Leber and Vinzenz von Kern in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the second school was founded by Theodor Billroth in 1867 and his student Anton Eiselsberg in 1900. The third school dates back to Jan Navratil, who was called to Vienna from Brno in 1967. Each of these schools is unique in that it maintained a degree of coherence, as knowledge, methodology and scientific focus were passed down in a chain of succession. These three schools also significantly influenced the rest of surgery in Vienna because most of the department chairs at the Vienna city hospitals or private hospitals were trained in one of these three schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Wolner
- Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paula Höfinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Wolner
- Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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David G, Milliot N, Rony L, Fournier HD, Demondion X, Bernard F. Corona mortis and pelvic dissection: Understanding the relationship between anatomical structures and bone areas. J Anat 2024; 244:458-467. [PMID: 37990973 PMCID: PMC10862173 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic fractures are becoming increasingly frequent. The gold standard for surgical managements remains open procedures. Despite its excellent biomechanically results, it can lead to many complications. Minimally invasive surgery could reduce these complications. For complex pelvic trauma, extraperitoneal endoscopic technique has never been described. The aim of this study is to determine anatomical landmarks which are useful for endoscopic pelvic ring surgery using an extraperitoneal approach. The second objective is to compare this minimally invasive procedure to expose the bone versus a traditional open approach. After preparing the vessels with latex injections, 10 specimens are dissected alternately, using an endoscopic method (MIS) on one side and an open method on the other side. Both procedures are performed on the same subject. The visualized bone areas are drilled with burr holes. The marked surfaces are measured with photogrammetry. Finally, the data are processed (surface analysis). An extraperitoneal endoscopic dissection that follows anatomical landmarks can be performed. Bone area (mm2 ) visualized by endoscopy was 74 ± 14 (59-94) compared to 71 ± 16 (48-94) by open method. Paired t-test was performed with no significant difference between the two methods. Skin and muscular incisions were significantly lower in the MIS group (5.1, IC95% [4.1; 6.1], p < 0.001). An extraperitoneal endoscopic dissection of the pelvis can be performed. We also find no significant difference between our method and an open traditional approach concerning bone exposure. We offer a holistic approach to treat pelvic fractures by identifying key anatomical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume David
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Nathan Milliot
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Louis Rony
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Henri-Dominique Fournier
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Xavier Demondion
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
- Service de Radiologie ostéoarticulaire, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florian Bernard
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France
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Abstract
Extended reality (XR) includes the sub-terms of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) and describes interactive and immersive technologies that replace the real world with digital elements or seamlessly extend it with such approaches. XR thus offers a very wide range of possible applications in medicine. In surgery, and thoracic surgery in particular, XR technologies can be harnessed for treatment planning, navigation, training, and patient information. Such applications are increasingly being tested and need to be evaluated. We provide an overview of the status quo of technical development, current surgical applications of XR, and look into the future of the medical XR landscape with integration of artificial intelligence (AI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Feodorovici
- Sektion Thoraxchirurgie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Jan Arensmeyer
- Sektion Thoraxchirurgie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Philipp Schnorr
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Helios Klinikum Bonn/Rhein-Sieg, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Joachim Schmidt
- Sektion Thoraxchirurgie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Helios Klinikum Bonn/Rhein-Sieg, Bonn, Deutschland
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Maani A, Forma A, Brachet A, Czarnek K, Alashkham A, Baj J. The Future of Morphological Science Education: Learning and Teaching Anatomy in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5367. [PMID: 37047981 PMCID: PMC10094021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 Pandemic has conveyed an unprecedented worldwide challenge. Although there is much emphasis on caring for patients and communities, the high incidence of SARS-CoV-2 had seriously disturbed education and calls for prompt as well as serious consideration from educators in medical schools. The necessity to teach and prepare prospective medics, as well as clinicians, has certainly not been as intense as it is currently. The global effects of coronavirus disease 2019 may cause a permanent change in the education of future clinicians. The COVID-19 era presented logistical and practical obstacles and fears for the patients' well-being, taking into consideration the fact that students may be potential channels for the spread of the virus when asymptomatic and may get infected while being in training and attending lectures. This paper discusses the present state of morphological science education, depicting the effect of COVID-19 on learning environments, as well as highlights the probable effects of COVID-19 on medical instruction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Maani
- Jackson Park Hospital & Medical Center, 7531 Stony Island Ave, Chicago, IL 60649, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Brachet
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarnek
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health Sciences in Lublin, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Abduelmenem Alashkham
- Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences: Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Bay BH, Pawlina W. Back to the past: Are anatomy online classes reminiscent of the anatomy theaters of old? Anat Sci Educ 2021; 14:525-527. [PMID: 34363336 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wojciech Pawlina
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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